scholarly journals Study on Thermal Comfort in Industrial Buildings, Heated by Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022089
Author(s):  
Alexandru Filipovici ◽  
Sanda Mirela Ţoropoc ◽  
Marius Adam ◽  
Daniela Rusen ◽  
Danut Tokar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Heating System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Economical System

Abstract This paper is focused on a study between different heating systems commonly used in industrial installations. Industrial heating systems generally raise difficult problems in choosing the most economical system. If several solutions technically meet the requirements of the indoor climate, in terms of energy efficiency we must focus on the optimal solution. The study was conducted to choose the optimal heating solution for an industrial hall, from the point of view of evaluating the efficiency of the installation of an exhaust gas recirculation equipment. The heating of industrial premises generally raises difficult problems due to the diversity of the types of buildings encountered, the variety of activities carried out and the need to choose the most economical system, both in terms of investment and operation. The radiation heating system using natural gas offers the solution of this problem, in situations where the classic heating systems (hot air heating or static bodies) cannot ensure optimal indoor conditions (in the sense that they do not achieve a relatively uniform temperature in the heated space, cause drafts and have low yields). For spaces with a high height (over 4m) these systems can only be considered satisfactory in the case of general heating with very high energy consumption. From the study performed, but also from the specialized technical literature, it is concluded that these systems offer an energy saving, compared to the classical systems.

scholarly journals Back to the Future: Very High-Energy Electrons (VHEEs) and Their Potential Application in Radiation Therapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4942
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Ronga ◽  
Marco Cavallone ◽  
Annalisa Patriarca ◽  
Amelia Maia Leite ◽  
Pierre Loap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Very High

The development of innovative approaches that would reduce the sensitivity of healthy tissues to irradiation while maintaining the efficacy of the treatment on the tumor is of crucial importance for the progress of the efficacy of radiotherapy. Recent methodological developments and innovations, such as scanned beams, ultra-high dose rates, and very high-energy electrons, which may be simultaneously available on new accelerators, would allow for possible radiobiological advantages of very short pulses of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) therapy for radiation therapy to be considered. In particular, very high-energy electron (VHEE) radiotherapy, in the energy range of 100 to 250 MeV, first proposed in the 2000s, would be particularly interesting both from a ballistic and biological point of view for the establishment of this new type of irradiation technique. In this review, we examine and summarize the current knowledge on VHEE radiotherapy and provide a synthesis of the studies that have been published on various experimental and simulation works. We will also consider the potential for VHEE therapy to be translated into clinical contexts.

scholarly journals District heating simulation in the aspect of heat supply safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Babiarz ◽  
Paweł Kut
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Network Failure ◽  
State Security ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heating Networks

District heating systems as strategic objects from the point of view of state security must ensure reliability and security in supply of heat to their customers [1, 2]. Thanks to computer simulation methods, district heating companies can analyse the operation of the heating networks at the design and operation stage. Computer simulations also offer a wide range of possibilities in the aspect of optimization of the district heating operation as well as prediction and analysis of network failure effects [3-6]. The paper concerns the simulation of a district heating network. The methods for the simulation of heating networks were characterized and simulations of district heating system were carried out. The effects of the failure were analysed at different values of outside temperatures and for different durations of failure. The value of compensation for undelivered heat was also determined. Simulations were carried out for an actual district heating system located in Rzeszow.

scholarly journals Analysis and Optimization of Dual-Heating System Costs

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
L. Năstase ◽  
H. Andrei ◽  
E. Lungu ◽  
Veronica Dulea ◽  
E. Diaconu
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Optimization Function ◽  
Comparative Results

AbstractThe importance of the heating systems is given both by the quality brought to the social life and from the point of view of pollution. Environmental pollution, global energy crisis as well as global energy policy and our gas heating systems. This motivating reason for the heating system, in terms of their viability and pollution reductions, is the future. In this article a dual heating system is presented, while an electric heating system and one of the gases, the care is coordinated by a monitoring and control system. The operating strategy of the two systems is dictated by an algorithm and a cost optimization function. The use of a dual heating system is the result of comparative results regarding the measurement of the measures and the simulation of the algorithm.

scholarly journals Dynamic Heating System of Multiphase Flow Digester by Solar-Untreated Sewage Source Heat Pump

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Pei Guo ◽  
Jiri Zhou ◽  
Rongjiang Ma ◽  
Nanyang Yu ◽  
Yanping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Heating System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Fraction ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Sewage Source

The traditional biogas heating system has the disadvantages of a low energy efficiency ratio and high energy consumption. In this study, a solar-untreated sewage source heat pump system (SUSSHPS) was developed for heating a 12 m3 multiphase flow digester (MFD) in Suining, China. To investigate the operating effects, two modes were defined according to the solar fractions in different regions. On the basis of experimental data, thermodynamic calculations and operating simulation analysis were performed, and the solar collector area (Ac) and the minimum length of the sewage double-pipe heat exchanger (lmin) for the two modes were calculated. The results indicated that the Ac and lmin of mode 2 were larger than those of mode 1 at different solar fractions. Additionally, the results suggested that mode 1 can be used at a solar fraction of <0.33, and mode 2 can be used at a solar fraction of >0.5. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation of different biogas heating systems was performed. Two evaluation methods were used for modeling calculations, and the results of the two methods were consistent. The SUSSHPS had the largest comprehensive evaluation value among the four systems. The proposed SUSSHPS can play a significant role in improving current biogas heating systems and promoting the development of biogas projects.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF HYDRAULIC CONTROL OF THE CIRCUIT OF INDIVIDUAL SYSTEM OF HEATING

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
S. Usikov ◽  
T. Starikova
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Individual System ◽  
Permissible Range

Modern heating systems are a complex set of equipment and elements, the main task of which is to provide comfortable conditions in the serviced premises, regardless of external deflecting factors. Water heating systems with variable hydraulic mode are the most common type of heating in newly constructed residential and public buildings. The installation of differential pressure regulators in individual heating systems is mandatory from the point of view of ensuring noiseless operation and reducing the mutual influence of regulatory areas. However, the location of their installation is controversial in the professional community. This paper covers the range of hydraulic modes of operation of two variants of the design of individual heating system used in this practice of system design: installation of only floor-by-floor collectors, followed by the connection of internal apartment circuits, or with the installation of additional collectors in each apartment. Formulas for estimating changes in the coolant flow rate during operation with high-quality individual control of the system are proposed. The values of the degree of opening of the regulators in the entire permissible range of operation of the system, the hysteresis and the pressure loss created by the differential pressure regulator are obtained. Conclusions are drawn about the rationality of using the proposed designs of the apartment-by-apartment heating system

scholarly journals The indoor climate modelling and the economic analysis regarding the energetic rehabilitation of church

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Florin-Emilian Turcanu ◽  
Marina Verdes ◽  
Vasilica Ciocan ◽  
Catalin George Popovici ◽  
Sebastian Valeriu Hudisteanu
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

The paper describes the behaviour of a heating system with radiators in a cult building. There has commonly used in many churches with many shortcomings. The temperature distribution in the analysed space is simulated in 2D. The simulation is based on an example, the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Jassy. The heating system with radiators simulated with the FLUENT program, the results being edifying for the factual state of the building. An important aspect is the impact of these heating systems on the works of art, the church being the 18th — century edifice. Current environmental issues lead to the continuous development of technologies used to reduce primary energy consumption. Churches are an invaluable wealth, sheltering heritage elements preserved in museums and historic buildings. Unheated churches have been used for centuries. Then, after installing one or more different heating systems, signs of rapid degradation appeared.

scholarly journals Indoor Climate Modelling and Economic Analysis Regarding the Energetic Rehabilitation of a Church

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2815
Author(s):  
Florin-Emilian Țurcanu ◽  
Cătălin-George Popovici ◽  
Marina Verdeș ◽  
Vasilică Ciocan ◽  
Sebastian-Valeriu Hudișteanu
Keyword(s):  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Air Heating ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

Background: The aim of our study was to identify an optimal heating system for the analyzed church. We also evaluated the energy consumption of the existing system and of those proposed in order to choose the best heating system. Methods: We analyzed the current existing heating system, a mixed system (static heaters and hot air heating) in a Romanian heritage church, build in the 16th century, and we compared it with an underfloor heating system that has been mentioned in the literature as an alternative for church heating. We used a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the indoor climate with two turbulence models (k-ε and k-ω). Results: Comparing the two heating systems through boxplot graphs, we could highlight pertinent conclusions regarding the temperatures and velocities of the measured air currents. Thus, of all the heating systems, the underfloor heating had the lowest temperatures, but the highest air velocities, in the churchgoers area, especially under the towers zone. Conclusions: We observed that the underfloor heating system was more efficient than the existing heating system (static heaters and hot air heating), ensuring heritage conservation and high thermal comfort to the churchgoers.

scholarly journals Benefits of night temperature setback in the control strategy of the district heating system

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Viliam Dolinay ◽  
Lubomir Vasek
Keyword(s):  
User Behavior ◽  
Real Life ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
A Value ◽  
Heating Water

Reducing heating system performance by applying a temperature setback as a means of saving heating costs is a well-known and widely used practice. There are discussions about setback achievements, especially about the amount of real savings it brings. However, it is not easy to declare any number - a percentage, because not only most of the heated objects are different, but especially the effects that affect them - from the location of building to demand and user behavior. In real life, heat consumers apply different setbacks to their heating systems, that is a fact, and from the heat supplier's point of view, it is desirable to adopt this consumer behavior and plan a central heat supply more efficiently with a view to this fact. This article focuses on this issue. It shows the results of a practical experiment that took place in the heating season 2018/2019 in the local district heating system. The experiment carried out was that half the heating season was the temperature of the heating water determined only based on the heating curve coming from the current outdoor temperature, and for the second half of the season was applied night setback - for 5 hours every day, the temperature was lower by 10%. Evaluating the experiment showed a decrease in the demanded heat of about 8% compared to the first part of the heating season. All this savings cannot be unambiguously attributed to the applied setback, because every part of the heating season has its specifics, but as the article shows a value of about 2.4%, it seems real. Contribution in the range of several percent may not at first glance seem attractive, but if we consider that the introduction of the setback procedure does not usually mean extra cost and also the district heating systems require to deliver daily hundreds of gigajoules of the heat (considering a small town), each saved percentage has its value. At the same time, this article highlights other minor improvements that could introduce additional, maybe small but perhaps exciting savings.

scholarly journals Is It Possible to Supply Norwegian Apartment Blocks with 4th Generation District Heating?

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Rønneseth ◽  
Nina Holck Sandberg ◽  
Igor Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Energy Focusing ◽  
Temperature Levels

Direct electricity is widely used for heating purposes in Norway, leading to significant strain on the electricity grid during the heating season. Conversion to 4th generation district heating (4GDH) is an effective method for reducing the need for large investments in the electricity grid, while simultaneously improving the energy efficiency of district heating systems. This article evaluates the possibility of reducing the supply temperature in existing Norwegian apartment blocks by improving the thermal envelope and reducing the temperature levels for the heating system. The analysis is based on simulations in IDA ICE (IDA Indoor Climate and Energy) focusing on whether the reduced supply temperature guarantees thermal comfort in the building, considering the coldest room with a heating setpoint of 22 °C. Based on a recommended minimum acceptable indoor temperature of 19 °C from the Norwegian building regulations (TEK), it should be possible to lower the radiator supply temperature from 80 to 60 °C for apartment blocks newer than 1971. For older buildings, an “intermediate” renovation is necessary to maintain temperatures above 19 °C, however, a “standard” renovation is recommended to ensure thermal comfort and improve the energy efficiency of the building stock.

In situ TEM studies of irradiation effects for materials improvement

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
Charles W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Analytical Tools

Irradiation effects studies employing TEMs as analytical tools have been conducted for almost as many years as materials people have done TEM, motivated largely by materials needs for nuclear reactor development. Such studies have focussed on the behavior both of nuclear fuels and of materials for other reactor components which are subjected to radiation-induced degradation. Especially in the 1950s and 60s, post-irradiation TEM analysis may have been coupled to in situ (in reactor or in pile) experiments (e.g., irradiation-induced creep experiments of austenitic stainless steels). Although necessary from a technological point of view, such experiments are difficult to instrument (measure strain dynamically, e.g.) and control (temperature, e.g.) and require months or even years to perform in a nuclear reactor or in a spallation neutron source. Consequently, methods were sought for simulation of neutroninduced radiation damage of materials, the simulations employing other forms of radiation; in the case of metals and alloys, high energy electrons and high energy ions.

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