scholarly journals Study of the thermal characteristics of the aluminum radiator ROYAL Thermo Evolution

2022 ◽  
Vol 1211 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Z G Mar’ina ◽  
A Y Vereshchagin ◽  
A V Novozhilova ◽  
M A Komarevtsev ◽  
K O Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Connection Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
European Standards

Abstract The use of aluminum radiators in heating systems began with the foreign companies products such as Fondital Group, Global Radiatori, Ferroli, etc. There are now Russian aluminum radiators companies that adhere to European standards, for example ROYAL Thermo, Rifar. The thermal characteristics of radiators are usually specified by the manufacturer. However, they are not always confirmed in practice. This is due to the fact that radiator connecting method is not taken into account. In some technical data sheets, the power reduction factors are given depending on the difference between the average coolant temperature and the air temperature in the room. Therefore, the study of the influence of aluminium heating appliances connecting on its thermal characteristics is an actual task. The article presents the results of research of radiator of the ROYAL Thermo Evolution type, it was made on request from company specialising in heating systems design. It was found that the actual thermal power of one section varies in the range of 135 … 225 W, depending on the connection method of the radiator, the thermal power of the section declared by the manufacturer corresponds only to the diagonal «top-bottom» connection, the thermal power of the eight-section radiator with one-sided «top-bottom» connection is 12% higher than with a diagonal one. Studies show, when designing heating systems, it is necessary to take into account the connection method and the number of device sections.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND EXPERIMENTAL ESTIMATION OF THERMAL PROCESSES IN HEATING MODULE AS A PART OF STEAM ABLATION DEVICE FOR VARICOSE VEINS TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Дина Владимировна Кривоносова ◽  
Евгений Сергеевич Ермолаев
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Heating Element ◽  
Vein Wall ◽  
Tissue Heating ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Mathematical Model

На сегодняшний день в России для лечения варикозного расширения вен часто проводятся малоинвазивные операции методами радиочастотной или лазерной облитерации, при этом метод паровой облитерации при лечении варикозной болезни не применяется совсем. Однако метод паровой облитерации обладает существенными преимуществами: малый объём и биоинертность рабочей среды - водяного пара, его невысокая температура - 120 °С, исключающая вероятность образования нагара и перфорации венозной стенки. Целью данной работы является разработка математической модели для расчёта тепловых характеристик блока нагревания, входящего в устройство для лечения варикозной болезни методом паровой облитерации. Модель описывает теплообменные процессы в гидравлической трубке блока нагревания и может быть полезна при расчёте размеров нагревательного элемента, обеспечивающих нагрев и парообразование определённой порции воды. С целью верификации математической модели результаты моделирования были сопоставлены с экспериментальными данными. Была проведена серия экспериментов, в ходе которых были получены значения энергии, содержащейся в одной инжекции пара, и объём воды в одной инжекции, а также оценена фактическая тепловая мощность нагревателя. Сравнение результатов имитационного моделирования и значения фактической тепловой мощности пара, полученной экспериментальным путем, показала работоспособность математической модели. Разработанная математическая модель позволяет подбирать геометрические параметры нагревательного элемента в зависимости от требуемой тепловой мощности, которая должна быть обеспечена блоком нагревания, а также варьировать параметры нагревательного элемента для разной степени нагрева тканей Today in Russia minimally invasive varicose veins treatment is often performed using radiofrequency or laser ablation, while the method of steam ablation is not used at all. However, the steam ablation method has significant advantages: a small volume and biological inertness of the working substance - sterile water vapor, its low temperature - 120 °C, excluding the carbon deposits and perforation of the vein wall. The purpose of this work is to develop a mathematical model for calculating the thermal characteristics of the heating module as a part of the device for varicose veins treatment using steam ablation. The model describes heat exchange processes in the hydraulic circuit of the heating module and can be applied to calculate the dimensions of the heating module which provides heating and vaporization of a certain portion of water. In order to verify the mathematical model, the simulation results were compared with experimental data. A series of experiments were carried out in which the energy contained in one steam injection and the volume of water in one injection were estimated, as well as the actual thermal power of the heating module. Comparison of the results of simulation and the value of the actual thermal power of steam obtained experimentally showed the efficiency of the mathematical model. The proposed mathematical model allows to select the geometric parameters of the heating element depending on the required thermal power, which must be provided by the heating module, and also to vary the parameters of the heating element for different degrees of tissue heating

scholarly journals The system of the quality control and the safety of baby food, the prospects of its development

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1091-1095
Author(s):  
Olga V. Georgieva ◽  
L. S. Konovalova ◽  
I. Ya. Kon'
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Difference ◽  
European Standards

In the article there is considered the substantiation of raise demands to the chemical composition of children’s food and indices of their safety, with taking into account the immaturity of metabolic and physiological processes and limitations of “depot” of nutrients in babies. Based on research results of leading experts in the field of children’s nutritiology and according to the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius of the Commission of FAO/WHO, ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition, the EFSA recommendations and EUDirectives there were specified requirements for the ingredient composition, content of essential components and indices of the nutritional value of substitutes for human milk and functional products for the nutrition of infants of the first year of life. There are shown stages of the development of the Russian system of hygienic requirements for baby food, and the direction of its harmonization with international and European standards, particularly for substitutes for human milk and products of dietary therapeutic and dietary preventive nutrition for babies. There are considered aspects of the introduction ofproducts and weaning food dishes into the food ration of infants. There is presented the classification ofproducts of children’s food and the assortment of each group of weaning foods. There is provided the modern legislative framework in the field of the quality and safety for infant nutrition. There was shown the difference between domestic legislation and regulatory framework of the EurAsEC Customs Union of the European countries in the field offood products safety for children older three years. There are presented proposals on the creation of the single regulatory base within the framework of the EurAsEC Customs Union for control the quality and safety of all the baby foods

scholarly journals Corrosion resistance of metalized layers on steel parts in ventilation mill

10.30544/340 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Bore V. Jegdic ◽  
Bojana M. Radojković ◽  
Biljana M. Bobić ◽  
Marija M. Krmar ◽  
Slavica Ristić
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Hvof Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Local Dissolution ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

Corrosion behavior of metalized layers, obtained by Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) process and by High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) process with the purpose to improve the wear resistance of vital parts of ventilation mill in a thermal power plant, has been tested. The test is performed using three electrochemical techniques, in a solution containing chloride and sulfate ions. It is shown that the steel surface (base metal) dissolves uniformly, without pitting or other forms of local dissolution. Morphology of metalized layers surface indicates that dissolution is non-uniform, but it still can be considered as general corrosion. The corrosion rate of base metal and metalized layer obtained by PTA process is rather low, while the corrosion rate of the metalized layer obtained by HVOF process is much higher. Also, the difference in corrosion potentials between the base metal and the HVOF layer is pretty high but slightly less than maximum allowed difference (prescribed by the standard), to avoid excessive galvanic corrosion. The values of corrosion rate obtained by different electrochemical techniques are in excellent agreement.

IMPORTANCE OF 3D VEHICLE HEAT EXCHANGER MODELING

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michal Schmid ◽  
Fatih Bozkurt ◽  
Petr Pašcenko ◽  
Pavel Petržela
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Primary Fluid ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inlet Conditions

Abstract The work demonstrates, via a comprehensive study, the necessity of using a 3D CFD approach for heat exchanger (HTX) modelling within underhood vehicle simulation. The results are presented as the difference between 1D and 3D CFD approaches with a focus on auxiliary fluid (e.g. coolant) temperature prediction as a function of primary fluid (e.g. air) inlet conditions. It has been shown that the 1D approach could significantly underpredict auxiliary fluid inlet temperature due to neglecting the spatial distribution of primary fluid velocity magnitude. The resultant difference in the auxiliary fluid flow HTX inlet temperature is presented and discussed as a function of the Uniformity Index (UI) of the primary fluid flow velocity magnitude. Additionally, the 3D HTX model's importance is demonstrated in an industrial example of full 3D underhood simulation.

Service Science and Automation Laws

2009 ◽  
pp. 254-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Targowski
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Service Science ◽  
System Structure ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Systems Architectures ◽  
Generic Service

The purpose of this chapter is to define a scope of service science and service automation in service economy based on ideal generic service systems originally developed by the author. There are two goals of this study: 1) to develop generic service categories and their generic systems, and 2) to define a scope of service science based upon the presented generic models of service systems, which determine the required support from emerging system science. The research methodology is based on the architectural modeling according the paradigm of enterprise-wide systems (Targowski, 2003). The architectural system approach is based on the philosophy of the system approach (Klir, 1985), and management cybernetics (Beer, 1981) which provide comprehensive and cohesive solutions to the problems of systems design, thus eliminating the fuziveness of the “application portfolio” and the “information archipelago” (McFarlan, 1981; Targowski, 1990). The mission of the architectural system approach is to find the ultimate synthesis of the whole system structure that involves appropriate logic, appropriate technological accommodation, operational quality, a positive user involvement, and co-existence with nature (Targowski, 1990). In its nature, the architectural system approach is of deductive rather than inductive nature. It looks for the ideal model of a solution, which in practice is far away from its perfect level. The difference between the architectural system approach and the engineering approach is in the level of abstraction. The architectural models are more conceptual whereas engineering outcomes are more technical and specific. The architectural system approach is the response to the complexity of expected outcomes. Prior to spending a few million dollars for a new information system, one must provide its information architecture and the business and social implications associated with it (Targowski, 2003). In this sense, this study will define service systems’ architectures.

scholarly journals Finite Element Study of the Effect of Internal Cracks on Surface Profile Change due to Low Loading of Turbine Blade

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4883
Author(s):  
Junji Sakamoto ◽  
Naoya Tada ◽  
Takeshi Uemori ◽  
Hayato Kuniyasu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Small Load ◽  
The Difference

Turbine blades for thermal power plants are exposed to severe environments, making it necessary to ensure safety against damage, such as crack formation. A previous method detected internal cracks by applying a small load to a target member. Changes in the surface properties of the material were detected before and after the load using a digital holographic microscope and a digital height correlation method. In this study, this technique was applied in combination with finite element analysis using a 2D and 3D model simulating the turbine blades. Analysis clarified that the change in the surface properties under a small load varied according to the presence or absence of a crack, and elucidated the strain distribution that caused the difference in the change. In addition, analyses of the 2D model considering the material anisotropy and thermal barrier coating were conducted. The difference in the change in the surface properties and strain distribution according to the presence or absence of cracks was elucidated. The difference in the change in the top surface height distribution of the materials with and without a crack was directly proportional to the crack length. As the value was large with respect to the vertical resolution of 0.2 nm of the digital holographic microscope, the change could be detected by the microscope.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of District Heating Systems Utilizing Excess Heat in Japan

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Fujii ◽  
Takaaki Furubayashi ◽  
Toshihiko Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
District Heating ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Excess Heat ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Northern Japan

District heating systems (DHSs) which utilize excess heat play an important role in energy infrastructure in many European countries. In contrast to Europe, the DHS is not common and excess heat is not reused effectively in Japan. Almost all the DHSs in Japan were designed as first-generation district heating (1GDH) systems or 2GDH systems. No 4GDH systems have been introduced in Japan. The present study designs a 4GDH system utilizing excess heat from a wide area of Northern Japan and evaluates its feasibility. First, available heat amounts from two excess heat resources were calculated: waste incineration plants and thermal power plants. Second, heat demand from both residential and commercial sectors was estimated using a 1 km mesh, and a heat load curve was created for each mesh based on load curve data. Third, the DHS was designed with excess heat plants as a supply-side heat resource, and spatial information of the demand side made use of the geographical information system (GIS). Further analysis was conducted on selected DHSs in three cities in order to evaluate those systems’ feasibility based on energy efficiency, CO2 emissions, and economic aspects. The result shows that 70.5 PJ of heat can be supplied by DHS in Northern Japan, replacing imported fossil fuels such as petroleum and LPG with regional excess heat. The designed DHS could supply heat with equivalent costs compared to European countries.

scholarly journals Modeling of greenhouse radiant heating

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 03006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Pavlov ◽  
Sergey Lukin ◽  
Oleg Derevianko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mass Exchange ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Radiant Heating ◽  
Heat And Mass Exchange ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
The Impact

Commercially available greenhouses are commonly used for provision of year-round growing of agricultural crops at protected ground. In order to provide favorable conditions for plants growth these agricultural constructions should be equipped by artificial heating systems in cold sea-sons. This work presents an overview of basic traditional and alternative heating systems which find their applications in agriculture. Advantages of application of roof radiant heating with infrared radiation sources for green-houses are discussed. It was discovered that now there is no appropriate mathematical model of greenhouse radiant heating, which takes into account both heat and mass exchange processes. Here we propose a mathematical model of radiant heating, which includes equation system of both heat and mass exchange processes for greenhouse, its enclosure and soil. The numer-ical calculations were performed for commercially available greenhouse “Farmer 7.5”. We investigated the impact of external air temperature and heat exchange rate on the following greenhouse radiant heating characteris-tics: internal air temperature, heating system thermal power and water dis-charge for soil watering.

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