Utilization of sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib mixture as raw materials for paper making using acetosolve method

The increasing need for paper and the demands of the community for environmentally friendly technology is increasing, causing the need for a large supply of paper raw materials to the paper industry sector. The limited supply of raw materials for paper production caused by environmental issues causes the price of paper to rise. The content of bagasse is cellulose, pentosan, lignin and others, while the content of corn husk consists of ash, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. These components can be used as paper making materials because they have high cellulose content. The resulting paper is expected to be used as an environmentally friendly packaging material. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of corn husk waste and bagasse as an environmentally friendly packaging paper material, as well as to analyze the comparison between the composition of corn husk and sugarcane bagasse to produce the highest quality packaging paper . The test samples used in this study are tensile, elasticity and biodegradability tests. The results showed that corn husk waste and sugarcane bagasse have the potential to be environmentally friendly packaging paper. Paper with the best quality is compared to 25% corn husk and 75% bagasse with a tensile test of 14.8 N elasticity test of 13.33% and 50% biodegrated paper area.

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Sugarcane Bagasse as a Co-Substrate with Oil-Refinery Biological Sludge for Biogas Production Using Batch Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion Technology: Effect of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio

Water ◽

10.3390/w13050590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 590

Author(s):

Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb ◽

Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty ◽

Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih ◽

Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba ◽

Azmatullah Noor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Oil Refinery ◽

Methane Yield ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

Biological Sludge

Man-made organic waste leads to the rapid proliferation of pollution around the globe. Effective bio-waste management can help to reduce the adverse effects of organic waste while contributing to the circular economy at the same time. The toxic oily-biological sludge generated from oil refineries’ wastewater treatment plants is a potential source for biogas energy recovery via anaerobic digestion. However, the oily-biological sludge’s carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio is lower than the ideal 20–30 ratio required by anaerobic digestion technology for biogas production. Sugarcane bagasse can be digested as a high C/N co-substrate while the oily-biological sludge acts as a substrate and inoculum to improve biogas production. In this study, the best C/N with co-substrate volatile solids (VS)/inoculum VS ratios for the co-digestion process of mixtures were determined empirically through batch experiments at temperatures of 35–37 °C, pH (6–8) and 60 rpm mixing. The raw materials were pre-treated mechanically and thermo-chemically to further enhance the digestibility. The best condition for the sugarcane bagasse delignification process was 1% (w/v) sodium hydroxide, 1:10 solid-liquid ratio, at 100 °C, and 150 rpm for 1 h. The results from a 33-day batch anaerobic digestion experiment indicate that the production of biogas and methane yield were concurrent with the increasing C/N and co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios. The total biogas yields from C/N 20.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.06 and C/N 30.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.18 ratios were 2777.0 and 9268.0 mL, respectively, including a methane yield of 980.0 and 3009.3 mL, respectively. The biogas and methane yield from C/N 30.0 were higher than the biogas and methane yields from C/N 20.0 by 70.04 and 67.44%, respectively. The highest biogas and methane yields corresponded with the highest C/N with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios (30.0 and 0.18), being 200.6 mL/g VSremoved and 65.1 mL CH4/g VSremoved, respectively.

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Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes as Raw Material in the Replacement of Fluxes for Applications on Porcelain Tile

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.881.383 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 881 ◽

pp. 383-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raimundo J.S. Paranhos ◽

Wilson Acchar ◽

Vamberto Monteiro Silva

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

The Cost ◽

Potential Use ◽

Porcelain Tile

This study evaluated the potential use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes (SBA) as a flux, replacing phyllite for the production of enamelled porcelain tile. The raw materials of the standard mass components and the SBA residue were characterized by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and TGA. Test samples were fabricated, assembled in lots of 3 units and sintered at temperatures of 1150 ° C to 1210 ° C. The results of the physical properties, mechanical properties and SEM of the sintered samples, showed that the formulation, G4 - in which applied 10% of SBA replacing phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C showed better performance as the previously mentioned properties due to the formation of mullite crystals, meeting the prerequisites of standards for enamelled porcelain tile, while reducing the environmental impact and the cost of production.

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Incorporation of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as an alternative raw material for red ceramic

Cerâmica ◽

10.1590/s0366-69132013000300019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (351) ◽

pp. 473-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. C. P. Faria ◽

J. N. F. Holanda

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Phase Evolution ◽

Linear Shrinkage ◽

Raw Material ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Clay Material ◽

Natural Clay ◽

Materials Used ◽

Sugarcane Industry

The sugarcane industry generates huge amounts of sugarcane bagasse ashes (SCBA). This work investigates the incorporation of a SCBA waste as an alternative raw material into a clay body, replacing natural clay material by up to 20 wt.%. Clay ceramic pieces were produced by uniaxial pressing and fired at temperatures varying from 700 to 1100 ºC. The technological properties of the clay ceramic pieces (linear shrinkage, apparent density, water absorption, and tensile strength) as function of the firing temperature and waste addition are investigated. The phase evolution during firing was followed by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the SCBA waste could be incorporated into red ceramics (bricks and roofing tiles) in partial replacement for natural clay material. These results confirm the feasibility of valorisation of SCBA waste to produce red ceramic. This use of SCBA can also contribute greatly to reducing the environmental problems of the sugarcane industry, and also save the sources of natural raw materials used in the ceramic industry.

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Quantification of geographical proximity of sugarcane bagasse ash sources to ready-mix concrete plants for sustainable waste management and recycling

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x20945375 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0734242X2094537 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gopinath Athira ◽

Abdulsalam Bahurudeen ◽

Vijaya Sukumar Vishnu

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Disposal Site ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Geographic Proximity ◽

Study Results ◽

Concrete Production ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse Ash ◽

Ready Mix Concrete

As stated in the European Commission’s waste framework directive, the geographic proximity of wastes to the potential recovery/disposal site is of paramount importance in attaining an effective resource recycling paradigm. The global interest in achieving an end-of-waste scenario encourages the recovery of useful products/secondary raw materials from locally available waste materials. Sugarcane bagasse ash is an abundantly available waste (44,200 tonnes day–1) from sugar plants in India which has the potential to be used as a partial replacement to cement in ready-mix concrete plants. Although pozzolanic performance of sugarcane bagasse ash and its ability in reducing the carbon emissions associated with concrete production have been reported in earlier research studies, its use in concrete is hindered due to the lack of availability and accessibility data. In this study, the geographical distribution of sugar plants and the available quantity of sugarcane bagasse ash in India have been determined. In addition, a detailed network analysis using a geographic information system was conducted to quantify the geographic proximity of bagasse ash, fly ash and slag sources to ready-mix concrete plants. The study results indicate that for most of the ready-mix concrete plants in India, the probability of having a bagasse ash source in proximity is higher than the probability of encountering slag/fly ash sources.

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Synthesis and Application of Glyoxalted Polyacrylamide Paper Strengthening Agent

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1385 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 1385-1390 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhao Yang Yuan ◽

Hui Ren Hu ◽

Yang Bing Wen

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Synthesis Conditions ◽

Paper Making ◽

H Nmr ◽

Dimethyl Ammonium ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Radical Solution ◽

Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride

The glyoxalted polyacrylamide(GPAM) resins were obtained by cross-linking reaction between glyoxal and cationic polyacrylamide(CPAM) through aqueous solution copolymerization. The based CPAM was synthesized with acrylamide(AM) and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DADMAC) as raw materials by living free radical solution polymerization. Various synthesis conditions were discussed and the optimum conditions for copolymer’s synthesis were as follows: the amount of DADMAC 20%(wt), the charge of the initiator 0.5%(wt), the dosage of chain transfer agent(2-mercaptoethanol) 1.0%(wt), and the charge of crosslinking monomer 9.0%, the dosage of glyoxal 25%(wt), the pH value of the tertiary reaction 7.5-8.0 and the tertiary temperature about 65°C. The structure of the resulting product was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR. Then the GPAM resins were used in the process of paper-making as wet-end additive, the results showed that the paper sheets can get a significant increase in strength properties from the added novel product.

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Production of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse and Water Hycinth.

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.pph5hvf.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Itai Mutadza ◽

Oscar Munashe Kazembe ◽

Believer Chipere ◽

Artleen Muza ◽

Chiedza Mapfumo

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Free Acid ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mixing Efficiency ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Cellulose Ethers ◽

Alkali Cellulose ◽

Water Alcohol

Mines in Zimbabwe are facing a challenge in acquiring carboxymethyl cellulose because at the moment it is not being produced in the country therefore, mines like ZIMPLATS which focus on platinum mining are facing high costs of importing carboxymethyl cellulose from producing countries like China (US $3500/metric tonne ) according to Alibaba. Various raw materials including plant biomass and algae have been used to produce cellulose. In this work, sugarcane bagasse and water hyacinth were used as a raw materials for cellulose extraction. Cellulose was extracted from the biomass through the elimination of lignin and hemicellulose. The preparation of CMC involves two main reactions or steps which are mercization and etherification by a slurry process. In the slurry method, cellulose is suspended in a mixture of NaOH-water-alcohol systems at 20 30 C with an excess of alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol), to ensure a good mixing efficiency. In the mercerization process, the liquid phase (water-alcohol mixture) which acts as a solvent, dissolves the NaOH and distributes it evenly to the cellulose hydroxyl groups forming alkali cellulose. Furthermore, the alkali cellulose produced is reactive towards monochloroacetate acid (MCA), which is added in the second step either as free acid, MCA or its salt, sodium monochloroacetate acid (NaMCA) to form carboxymethyl cellulose ethers. The results indicated that the optimum concentration of sodium hydroxide for alkalization to occur is 30% .The carboxymethylation process of cellulose was confirmed using potentiometric back titration and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.The percentage yield was 85,2%.

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A Review of Innovation in Cocoa Bean Processing By-Products

International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research ◽

10.30534/ijeter/2021/22982021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1162-1169

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Value Added ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Cocoa Bean ◽

High Fiber ◽

Paper Making ◽

Cocoa Production ◽

By Products

Although cocoa production generates numerous by-products, only 10% of cocoa pods are used commercially, with the remaining 90% discarded. Cocoa processing generates by-products such as pod husks, pulp, and bean shells. It can recycle as a result of its high fiber and bioactive compounds Cocoa-pods produce additional dietary fiber, wrinkle-reducing cosmetics and preservatives, animal feed, organic fertilizers, raw materials for paper-making, and biofuels. Sugar, minerals, fat, and protein are abundant in the pulp. The cocoa pulp can be used to make various beverage products, including mixed drinks with added fruits, kefir beverages, wine, soft drinks, marmalade, and vinegar. Because of its high content of lignin, cellulose, protein, fat, carbs, and polyphenols, the cocoa bean shell is an excellent source of dietary fiber. It contains a high fiber content and has a high resale value when used as a renewable energy source. This review article will discuss the management of cocoa by-products and value-added products with various applications

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Study on the Influence of Linting and Picking of Paper

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1093 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 1093-1097

Author(s):

Qin Wen Wang ◽

Shi Yu Fu ◽

Gang Chen

Keyword(s):

Fiber Length ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Surface Strength ◽

Paper Making ◽

Fiber Composition ◽

Long Fibers

Five offset papers were applied to analyze the influences of the linting and picking problem based on the measurement of paper moisture, tightness, fiber composition and fiber length. The results showed that under the same conditions of paper making with the same raw materials, the printing surface strength increased and linting and picking problem reduced when the paper moisture or tightness are appropriately increased. The paper made with wood materials has a better surface strength and printability than bamboo and straw. The paper which contain less tiny fibers and long fibers, but more medium fibers is less likely to cause the problem of linting and picking.

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Eco-Friendly Bleaching of Soda-AQ Chemical Elephant Dung Pulp

IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) ◽

10.21013/jas.v4.n1.p4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saleem M. ◽

Yaqoob N. ◽

Rehman I. Ur-

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Basic Requirement ◽

Sodium Percarbonate ◽

Cellulosic Fibers ◽

Peroxide Bleaching ◽

Paper Making ◽

Chemical Pulps ◽

Excellent Source ◽

Elephant Dung

<div>Elephant dung is an excellent source of cellulosic fibers that is a basic requirement for paper making. In this study, bleaching was carried out by using eco-friendly bleaching agents such as sodium percarbonate, oxone and hydrogen peroxide. Soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) semi-chemical and chemical elephant dung pulps were bleached at varying doses of bleaching agents, bleaching aids and reaction time. Presence of residual lignin after pulping stage was imparting brown color to the pulp and hence was removed by subsequent bleaching stages. Soda-AQ chemical pulps was treated with different multistage bleaching sequences. The results of this study showed that sodium percarbonate and oxone could not achieve targeted brightness for elephant dung pulp samples. Whereas, using three stage hydrogen peroxide bleaching sequence [AP5P3P2] helped to achieve the targeted brightness ~ 60.0 % G.E without much sacrificing the other optical and physical properties of the pulp. Eco-friendly bleaching helped to increase the beauty of the final product. Being rich in fiber, elephant dung pulp has a potential to be blended with other raw materials to make hybrid exotic papers of high market value.</div>

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