scholarly journals A Review of Innovation in Cocoa Bean Processing By-Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1162-1169
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
By Products

Although cocoa production generates numerous by-products, only 10% of cocoa pods are used commercially, with the remaining 90% discarded. Cocoa processing generates by-products such as pod husks, pulp, and bean shells. It can recycle as a result of its high fiber and bioactive compounds Cocoa-pods produce additional dietary fiber, wrinkle-reducing cosmetics and preservatives, animal feed, organic fertilizers, raw materials for paper-making, and biofuels. Sugar, minerals, fat, and protein are abundant in the pulp. The cocoa pulp can be used to make various beverage products, including mixed drinks with added fruits, kefir beverages, wine, soft drinks, marmalade, and vinegar. Because of its high content of lignin, cellulose, protein, fat, carbs, and polyphenols, the cocoa bean shell is an excellent source of dietary fiber. It contains a high fiber content and has a high resale value when used as a renewable energy source. This review article will discuss the management of cocoa by-products and value-added products with various applications

scholarly journals The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Wen-Yang Chuang ◽  
Li-Jen Lin ◽  
Hsin-Der Shih ◽  
Yih-Min Shy ◽  
Shang-Chang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Health It ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Monogastric Animal ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products

With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.

Effects of Dietary Level of Rice Distiller’s Dried Grains on Performance and Meat Quality of Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Dang ◽  
N.T.P. Giang ◽  
T.T. Nguyen ◽  
S. Chu-Ky ◽  
N.C. Oanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
National University ◽  
By Products

Background: In Vietnam, animal feed mainly depends on imported raw materials, while available agro-industrial by-products are often released into the environment and only a its unsubstantial portion used as an animal feed. Therefore, efficient use of these by-products as animal feed is essential. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of rice distiller’s dried grain (Rice DDG) on broiler performance, meat yield and meat quality. Methods: The research was conducted at the experimental station, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam, from May to September 2020. A total of 240 a day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 3 replications to receive 4 diets with different levels of RDDG at 0, 5, 8 and 10% for 14 weeks. Growth, meat yield and meat quality were estimated. Result: ADG was higher in broiler chickens fed diets with rice DDG compared to that in control diet at 12 and 14 weeks (P less than 0.05) while ADFI and FCR were not affected by the diets. There were significantly no differences in meat yield and quality among the diets. In conclusion, rice DDG could be used to partially replace main ingredients in chicken diets.

scholarly journals Valorization of Mushroom By-Products as a Source of Value-Added Compounds and Potential Applications

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Antunes ◽  
Sara Marçal ◽  
Oludemi Taofiq ◽  
Alcina M. M. B. Morais ◽  
Ana Cristina Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food System ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
By Products

Nowadays, the food sector is highly concerned with environmental issues and foreseen to develop strategies to reduce waste and losses resulting from activities developed in the food system. An approach is to increment added value to the agro-industrial wastes, which might provide economic growth and environmental protection, contributing to a circular economy. Mushroom by-products represent a disposal problem, but they are also promising sources of important compounds, which may be used due to their functional and nutritional properties. Research has been developed in different fields to obtain value added solutions for the by-products generated during mushroom production and processing. Bioactive compounds have been obtained and applied in the development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, other applications have been explored and include animal feed, fertilizer, bioremediation, energy production, bio-based materials, cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the relevant composition of mushroom by-products and discuss their potential as a source of functional compounds and other applications. Future research needs to explore pilot and industrial scale extraction methods to understand the technological feasibility and the economic sustainability of the bioactive compounds extraction and valorization towards different applications.

scholarly journals Development of Value Added Products Utilizing By- products of Bengal Gram: A Challenge Towards Food Security (P03-003-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Budhwar
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Bengal Gram ◽  
By Products ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract Objectives The main aim of this study is to determine the physiochemical properties and nutritional composition of by-product of Bengal gram and to develop value added products, incorporating by-products of cereals and pulses in combination. Further in this study popularization of such acceptable product and transfer of the technology regarding their preparation and utilization is also regarded to be beneficial. Methods For the nutritional evaluation of raw ingredients, physio-chemical property and nutrient composition were checked by AOAC methods. Standardization and development of some basic value added products were also done. Functional properties and nutritional composition of developed value added products were equally checked by shelf life evaluation to choose the most acceptable consumable food products. New products were made using fermentation, supplementation and combination. Results We found that most of the by-products are rich in protein, calcium, iron and fiber. We observed that Bengal gram husk contain highest amount of crude fiber i.e., 40%. However, it also contains ash (4.2%), dietary fiber (82 g/100 gm), insoluble dietary fiber (76 g/100 gm) and total calcium (984 mg/100gm). In case of broken rice we have observed low amount of trypsin inhibitor activity (16.35 TIU/mg) and high amount of starch (75 g/100gm). In addition, we have observed anti-nutritional factors significantly in higher amounts in case of broken rice. Additionally, wheat bran was found to contain high amount of total phosphorus (988 mg/100gm), soluble dietary fiber (10 g/100gm) , total calcium ( 71 mg/100 mg) and Trypsin inhibitor activity ( 55 TIU/mg) . Combining these by-products various products were prepared using various processing techniques like fermentation, supplementation and combination. We found that newly prepared value added products have high amount of proteins, dietary fiber, available minerals, in vitro protein digestibility and higher antioxidant activity. Conclusions We suggest that novel formulated food products can be utilized as an unconventional source of nutrients and therapeutic weapon to combat diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Utilization of such agro wastes as food products will also be useful to combat hunger, food demand and malnourished state leading to maintenance of food security. Funding Sources Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

scholarly journals Nutritional Support for Small Ruminant Development Based on Oil Palm By-products

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Simon Petrus Ginting ◽  
K Simanihuruk ◽  
A Tarigan ◽  
K R Pond
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
By Products

Biomass by-products or plant residues from the plantation system would play a crucial role in animal production since the utilization of forages from the underneath tree crops would be less or minimal when the palm oil crop mature. By-products generated from the palm oil system vary, but in relation to the animal production they could be generally categorized into the fibrous by-products and the non-fibrous (concentrate) by-products. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm kernel cake (PKC) are concentrate by-products produced during the processing of palm oil extraction which have great potency to support sheep and goat production, although limiting factors such as contamination of shell and high copper level in PKC need to be considered in their utilization as feed. The fibrous palm oil by-products include oil palm fronds (OPF) and oil palm trunk (OPT) generated from the palm crop trees and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and palm pressed fiber (PPF) generated from processing of fresh fruits to yield crude oil. These fibrous by-products cannot meet the metabolisable energy required for high growth rate and for lactation of sheep and goats due to low DM digestibility, low crude protein content, low fermentable carbohydrate and low level of intake. Limited inclusion level in ration should be applied for those by-products to yield an acceptable production level of sheep and goats. Pretreatments (physical, chemical, and biological) gave some improvement in their nutritional qualities, however additional cost of pretreatments need to be considered. In the future, there would be a great challenge for the utilization of those fibrous by-products as animal feed since bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials to products such as chemicals (bioethanol, sugar, and bioplastic), fuels, and organic fertilizers are receiving greater interest. Some comparative advantages of these natural wastes are their relatively low cost, renewable and widespread in nature for used in an industrial operation.

scholarly journals Analisis pengaruh kebijakan bea keluar biji kakao, impor biji kakao, ekspor biji kakao dan harga cocoa butter terhadap ekspor cocoa butter

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Rudi Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Export Duty ◽  
Cocoa Products

The export duty policy was initially intended to increase the value added of cocoa beans. On the other hand, in the past few years there has been a significant increase in imports of cocoa beans to meet the needs of domestic industrial in order to keep running optimally and can create added value. To assess how much influence the export duty policy for cocoa beans, the import of cocoa beans, the export of cocoa beans and the price of cocoa butter on the development of exports of cocoa butter, this study uses a quantitative approach using secondary data from various sources. The results of the analysis show that the development of the export of cocoa butter is significantly influenced by the amount of cocoa bean imports and the export of cocoa beans. but the price factor of cocoa butter and the amount of export duty does not significantly influence. This shows that the main problem is the performance of the cocoa processing industry which is strongly influenced by the availability of raw materials. In addition, although an increase in imports of cocoa beans can still be offset by an increase in exports of processed cocoa products that have added value.                    Kebijakan bea keluar pada awalnya ditujukan untuk peningkatan nilai tambah biji kakao. Di sisi lain, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir terjadi peningkatan impor biji kakao secara signifikan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan industri domestik agar tetap berjalan optimal dan dapat menciptakan nilai tambah. Untuk mengkaji seberapa besar pengaruh kebijakan bea keluar biji kakao, impor biji kakao, ekspor biji kakao dan harga cocoa butter terhadap perkembangan ekspor cocoa butter, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan ekspor cocoa butter secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh besaran impor biji kakao dan ekspor biji kakao. Sedangkan faktor harga cocoa butter dan besaran tarif bea keluar tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan utama adalah pada kinerja industri pengolahan kakao yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan bahan bakunya. Selain itu, walaupun terjadi peningkatan impor biji kakao masih dapat diimbangi dengan adanya peningkatan ekspor produk kakao olahannya yang memiliki nilai tambah.

scholarly journals Possible application of brewer’s spent grain in biotechnology

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Pejin ◽  
Milos Radosavljevic ◽  
Olgica Grujic ◽  
Ljiljana Mojovic ◽  
Suncica Kocic-Tanackov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Beer Production ◽  
By Products

Brewer?s spent grain is the major by-product in beer production. It is produced in large quantities (20 kg per 100 liters of produced beer) throughout the year at a low cost or no cost, and due to its high protein and carbohydrates content it can be used as a raw material in biotechnology. Biotechnological processes based on renewable agro-industrial by-products have ecological (zero CO2 emission, eco-friendly by-products) and economical (cheap raw materials and reduction of storage costs) advantages. The use of brewer?s spent grain is still limited, being basically used as animal feed. Researchers are trying to improve the application of brewer?s spent grain by finding alternative uses apart from the current general use as an animal feed. Its possible applications are in human nutrition, as a raw material in biotechnology, energy production, charcoal production, paper manufacture, as a brick component, and adsorbent. In biotechnology brewer?s spent grain could be used as a substrate for cultivation of microorganisms and enzyme production, additive of yeast carrier in beer fermentation, raw material in production of lactic acid, bioethanol, biogas, phenolic acids, xylitol, and pullulan. Some possible applications for brewer?s spent grain are described in this article including pre-treatment conditions (different procedures for polysaccharides, hemicelluloses, and cellulose hydrolysis), working microorganisms, fermentation parameters and obtained yields. The chemical composition of brewer?s spent grain varies according to barley variety, harvesting time, malting and mashing conditions, and a quality and type of unmalted raw material used in beer production. Brewer?s spent grain is lignocellulosic material rich in protein and fibre, which account for approximately 20 and 70% of its composition, respectively.

scholarly journals North American Rendering: processing high quality protein and fats for feed

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (spe) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Meeker
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
By Products

One third to one half of each animal produced for meat, milk, eggs, and fiber is not consumed by humans. These raw materials are subjected to rendering processes resulting in many useful products. Meat and bone meal, meat meal, poultry meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, blood meal, fish meal, and animal fats are the primary products resulting from the rendering process. The most important and valuable use for these animal by-products is as feed ingredients for livestock, poultry, aquaculture, and companion animals. There are volumes of scientific references validating the nutritional qualities of these products, and there are no scientific reasons for altering the practice of feeding rendered products to animals. Government agencies regulate the processing of food and feed, and the rendering industry is scrutinized often. In addition, industry programs include good manufacturing practices, HACCP, Codes of Practice, and third-party certification. The rendering industry clearly understands its role in the safe and nutritious production of animal feed ingredients and has done it very effectively for over 100 years. The availability of rendered products for animal feeds in the future depends on regulation and the market. Regulatory agencies will determine whether certain raw materials can be used for animal feed. The National Renderers Association (NRA) supports the use of science as the basis for regulation while aesthetics, product specifications, and quality differences should be left to the market place. Without the rendering industry, the accumulation of unprocessed animal by-products would impede the meat industries and pose a serious potential hazard to animal and human health.

scholarly journals The Potential of Selected Agri-Food Loss and Waste to Contribute to a Circular Economy: Applications in the Food, Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Industries

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Lady Laura Del Rio Osorio ◽  
Edwin Flórez-López ◽  
Carlos David Grande-Tovar
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Food Loss ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
By Products

The food sector includes several large industries such as canned food, pasta, flour, frozen products, and beverages. Those industries transform agricultural raw materials into added-value products. The fruit and vegetable industry is the largest and fastest-growing segment of the world agricultural production market, which commercialize various products such as juices, jams, and dehydrated products, followed by the cereal industry products such as chocolate, beer, and vegetable oils are produced. Similarly, the root and tuber industry produces flours and starches essential for the daily diet due to their high carbohydrate content. However, the processing of these foods generates a large amount of waste several times improperly disposed of in landfills. Due to the increase in the world’s population, the indiscriminate use of natural resources generates waste and food supply limitations due to the scarcity of resources, increasing hunger worldwide. The circular economy offers various tools for raising awareness for the recovery of waste, one of the best alternatives to mitigate the excessive consumption of raw materials and reduce waste. The loss and waste of food as a raw material offers bioactive compounds, enzymes, and nutrients that add value to the food cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This paper systematically reviewed literature with different food loss and waste by-products as animal feed, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products that strongly contribute to the paradigm shift to a circular economy. Additionally, this review compiles studies related to the integral recovery of by-products from the processing of fruits, vegetables, tubers, cereals, and legumes from the food industry, with the potential in SARS-CoV-2 disease and bacterial diseases treatment.

scholarly journals Food Industry By-Products as Raw Materials in the Production of Value-Added Corn Snack Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Antun Jozinović ◽  
Drago Šubarić ◽  
Đurđica Ačkar ◽  
Jurislav Babić ◽  
Vedran Orkić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Snack Products ◽  
By Products

The addition of brewer’s spent grain (BSG), sugar beet pulp (SBP) and apple pomace (AP), on the nutritional properties of directly expanded snack products based on corn grits was investigated. Snack products were produced in a laboratory single screw extruder with the addition of 5, 10 and 15% d. m. of these by-products in corn grits. Chemical composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, dietary fiber, resistant starch, starch damage and pasting properties of the mixtures and extruded samples were determined. Extrusion process and by-product additions had a significant effect on the proximate chemical composition. All three by-products increased contents of both soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, while the extrusion caused a reduction of insoluble fiber and increase of soluble fiber. After the extrusion process starch damage and antioxidant activity increased, while resistant starch content and total polyphenol content decreased. According to obtained results, it can be concluded that the investigated by-products can be used in the production of nutritionally more valuable corn snacks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document