Philology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Lönnroth
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Time History ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Manuscript Studies ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Classical Philology ◽  
To Come

Philology—from the Greek words philologi’ā < philos “friend” and logos “word”—is a multi-faceted field of scholarship within the humanities which in its widest sense focuses on questions of time, history, and literature—with language as the common denominator. Philology is both an academic discipline—there is classical philology, Romance philology, Scandinavian philology, etc.—and a scholarly perspective on language, literature, and culture. The roots of philology go back all the way to the Library of Alexandria, Egypt, where philology began to evolve into a field of scholarship around 300 bce. In Alexandria, the foundations of philology were laid for centuries to come, for example as regards one of its major branches, textual criticism. A characteristic feature of philology past and present is that it focuses on texts in time from an interdisciplinary point of view, which is why philology as an umbrella term is relevant for many fields of scholarship in the 21st century. According to a traditional definition, a philologist is interested in the relationship between language and culture, and by means of language, he or she aims to understand the characteristics of the culture the language reflects. From this point of view, language is mainly a medium. In the analysis of (mostly very old) texts, a philologist often crosses disciplinary borders of different kinds—anthropology, archaeology, ethnology, folkloristics, history, etc.—and makes use of other special fields within manuscript studies, such as codicology (the archaeology of the book), diplomatics (the analysis of documents), paleography (the study of handwriting), philigranology (watermarks), and sphragistics (seals). For a philologist, texts and their languages and contents bear witness to past times, and the philologist’s perspective is often a wide one. The expertise of a philologist is the ability to analyze texts in their cultural-historical contexts, not only from a linguistic perspective (which is a prerequisite for a deep understanding of a text), but also from a cultural and historical perspective, and to explain the role of a text in its cultural-historical setting. In the course of history, philologists have made several contributions to our knowledge of ancient and medieval texts and writing, for example. In the 2010s, the focus in philology is for example on the so-called New Philology or Material Philology and digital philology, but the core of philology remains the same: philology is the art of reading slowly.

Ч. АЙТМАТОВДУН ЧЫГАРМАЛАРЫНДАГЫ ЖАЛПЫ АДАМЗАТТЫК БААЛУУЛУКТАРДЫН МААНИСИ ЖАНА ЖАШ МУУНДАРДЫ ТАРБИЯЛООДОГУ ОРДУ

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
Айнура Байтокова
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Youth Education ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Universal Values

Аннотация. Макала учурдагы актуалдуу проблемалардын бири болгон жаш муундарда жалпы адамзаттык баалуулуктарды тарбиялоо. Макалада Ч. Айтматовдун чыгармаларындагы баалуулуктардын мааниси жана алардын жаш муундарды тарбиялоодогу орду жөнүндө маселени козгойт. Өзгөчө жаңы социалдык экономикалык өзгөрүүлөр менен жаш муундардын адеп-ахлактык, руханий дүйнөсү өзгөрүүдө. Бул жагдайдан алып караганда коомдун социалдык-маданий жактан андан ары өнүгүүсү үчүн башкы бириктирүүчү факторлордон болуп жаш муундардагы жалпы адамзаттык баалуулуктарды калыптандыруу маселеси биринчи орунга чыгат. Болочок мугалимдердин кесиптик билим алуусунда жалпы адамзаттык баалуулуктарды терең түшүнүүсү, алардын келечектеги кесиптик даярдыгына жардам берет. Демек, аларга жалпы адамзаттык баалуулуктарды сиңирүү абдан маанилүү учур талабы экендигин көрөбүз. Түйүндүү сөздөр: жалпы адамзаттык баалуулуктар, адамгерчилик, адеп-ахлак, руханий баалуулуктар, учурдагы көйгөйлүү маселелер, жаш муундар, базар экономикасы ж.б... Аннотация. В статье затронута одна из актуальных проблем современности – достойное воспитание молодого поколения. Статья рассматривает проблематику воспитания молодежи и формирования общечеловеческих ценностей. В статье речь идет о роли произведений Чингиза Айтматова в воспитании молодежи. В условиях перехода в новый социально-экономический период меняется нравственно-духовный мир молодежи, в том числе у студентов. С этой точки зрения на первый план выходит задача формирования общечеловеческих ценностей, которые должны стать главным объединяющим фактором дальнейшего социокультурного развития общества. Обогащение опыта глубокого понимания общечеловеческих ценностей у будущих педагогов в профессиональном обучении способствует формированию подготовленности будущих педагогов профессионального обучения в будущем, также важно привить в них систему общечеловеческих ценностей. Ключевые слова: общечеловеческие ценности, гуманность, нравственно-этические принципы, духовные ценности, рыночная экономика. Annotation. the article touches on one of the pressing problems of our time - the decent education of the younger generation. The article considers the issues of youth education and the formation of universal values. The article deals with the role of the works of Chingiz Aitmatov in the education of youth. With the transition to a new socio- economic period, the moral and spiritual world of young people is changing, including among students. From this point of view, the task of creating universal human values comes to the forefront, which should become the main unifying factor in the further socio-cultural development of society. The enrichment of the experience of a deep understanding of human values in future teachers contributes to the formation of preparedness of future teachers of vocational training in the future, it is also important to instill in them a system of universal values. Keywords: universal values, humanity, thinker, wise, moral and ethical principles, spiritual values, market economy.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF COMPARATIVE-HISTORICAL LINGUISTIC AND LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-57
Author(s):  
V. Litiaga
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Conceptual Aspect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The article analyzes basic scientific approaches to the interpretation of the terms of «linguoculturology», «linguistic conceptology» and «linguistic concept». We consider the relationship of language and culture, and the role of the term «concept» in this regard. In the article we structured the term «concept» from a linguocultural point of view. These theoretical considerations are the basis for the study of ways and mean of forming a conceptual image of Kyiv Rus in the French medieval linguistic cultural picture of the world. The aim of this article is to examine the influence of the country’s image on shaping the bilateral relations between Ukraine and France in a linguocultural conceptual aspect. The article reveals the main semantic and linguoconceptual aspects of medieval French culture. It shows the links between historical and actual aspects of the conceptual sphere in the formation of public opinion in contemporary international relations. Despite the increasing interest of the scholars in the influence that the image of country may have on bilateral relations, this topic has been under‐researched. This article presents the author’s insights based on theoretical and empirical studies that could shed some new light on this important topic. By looking at the «linguocultural» aspect of the relationship between Kyiv Rus and France in the Medieval times the article gives a basic analysis of the process of country image formation since the tenth century and its impact on present times. The article also provides a basis for further linguistic research of this topic.

scholarly journals Celtic Countries from the Perspective of Polish Romantics and Exiles

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gmerek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Literary Revival ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Many

In this piece on the Polish Romantic travellers confronted with Celtic cultures and countries, I have tried to show the way they reacted and how their imaginations worked. Probably some of their reactions were not different to those of all other Celtophiles. The special role of the Czartoryskis’ cultural patronage needs to be highlighted. In the nineteenth century Poland, nobody ever attempted to gather so many books about Celtic history and culture again, even after the emergence of Celtic Studies as an academic discipline later in the nineteenth century. The predictable result was that, with time, knowledge of Celtic cultures diminished among the Polish writers. The literary revival in early twentieth century Ireland, associated with Yeats and his contemporaries, did not elicit widespread reaction from Polish librarians and academics. This failure to respond to new developments in Ireland is probably to be explained in terms of the economic and socio-political conditions in the divided Poland of that time. One of the many negative results of the partitions at the end of the eighteenth century was that a large number of important Polish writers moved abroad, as well as that their relations and impressions were affected by this emigration. Being a political émigré was not always helpful in so far as the exploration of new cultures was concerned, both from the point of view of the psychological trauma of being away from home and of various everyday constraints. Generally, it was personal interests and earlier studies, and not finances or place of living that influenced some Polish authors’ choice to write on Celtic themes.

scholarly journals Humanitarian news frame in Harian Republika and Kompas on Wamena ferugees (framing analysis on Republika news and Kompas edition 24 – 30 September 2019 on the tragedy of the riots in Wamena)

COMMICAST ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Ghafur Sitohan
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Daily News ◽  
News Frame ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Role Of The Government

Conflict against the backdrop of the dissemination of hoaks information, accompanied by elements of racism repeated and targeted papuans. In 2019, a riot led to an alleged racist slur by a teacher, to his student on September 18, 2019. The unrest resulted in various humanitarian problems, such as civilian casualties and destruction of public facilities. As a result, a wave of problems related to the exodus of citizens continues to come. This research aims to discuss the news frame of two media, namely Republika Daily and Kompas with discussion of the Tragedy of Riots in Wamena City, Papua Province (September 24, 2019 - September 30, 2019). Meanwhile, the concept of a crisis of manness and responsibility to protect both media, agreed to package it in the same point of view. The frame of republika and kompas daily news in the concept of humanitarian crisis is classified in the complex emergencies category, and the facts presented about the role of the Government in accordance with the concept of responsibility to protect. 

Slovak Slavistics: Past and present. Interdisciplinary discourses of Slovak academic Slavistics

Human Affairs ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Žeňuch ◽  
Katarína Žeňuchová
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
International Context ◽  
Central European ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

AbstractSlovak Slavistics has adopted the interdisciplinary research approach based on examining the processes involved in language, literature, history, culture, ethnics and religion. From a scholarly and investigative point of view, Slovak Slavistics is primarily concerned with researching Slovak and Slavic relations, and Slovak and non-Slavic relations. Although Slavistics at home and abroad has been affected by the recession, it maintains its role of accelerating systematic and comprehensive investigation. The priority of Slovak Slavistics, both in a domestic and international context, is to safeguard scholarly outputs and make them available in the competitive international arena. Ensuring continuity in Slavistic research is also important and is not merely a question of prestige, but is also a fundamental means of continually improving the quality of the academic discipline. Internationally recognised Slavistic research is conducted in collaboration with the Ján Stanislav Institute of Slavistics at the Slovak Academy of Sciences. The institute sees modern Slavistics in Slovakia as having currency and exigency. Slovak Slavistic research is indispensable, provides continuity and constitutes an inseparable component of wider Central European and international Slavistic research.

The future of the draft UN Convention on international terrorism

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-247
Author(s):  
Sara De Vido
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose The paper is meant to analyse the debate over the revival of a comprehensive convention on international terrorism. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that a United Nations (UN) Convention on international terrorism is still necessary – provided that it is updated considering the new challenges that have recently emerged – and could be complemented by an annex containing the list of terrorist organisations, the determination of which is of common concern of the entire international community. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is conducted from an international law perspective. The paper uses a comparative perspective – counter-terrorism, Antarctic and ICAO system - to support the main argument. Findings The paper proposes an annex to the convention including a list of terrorist organisations. Some terrorist organisations are unanimously labelled as terrorist and therefore this list will be useful in developing cooperation among States. A system of revision is also presented; a system which emphasises the role of the UN Ombudsperson. Research limitations/implications The proposal presented does not delve into the content of the convention which should be based on the draft prepared by the UN General Assembly ad hoc Committee and should take into account the most recent forms of terrorism. The paper does not provide an answer to all the questions, and it does not linger over the tragedy of civilians living in Syria and Iraq who have been deprived – starting long before the rise of the Islamic State – of their land and lives. Practical implications Revival of the debate on the draft convention – proposal for a renewed role of the Ombudsperson – legal implications of a list annexed to a convention on international terrorism – importance of multilateral cooperation in the field. Originality/value The paper is innovative in changing the perspective of the problem. The point of view regarding the definition of international terrorism has usually been the following: to find a common definition of international terrorism trying to overcome all the differences regarding general exceptions. The proposed perspective is to find the lowest common denominator for the definition and to identify organisations on which States cannot but agree on their condemnation.

Narrative and Logical Strategies in Socio-cognitive Interaction between Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Fonzi ◽  
Andrea Smorti
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Shared Meanings ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Personal Approach ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Interactional Process ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Individual

This study is an analysis of the "meaning giving" process in children when they have to classify empirical objects. There are three stages to the experiment: (1) the children performed a classification task individually; (2) they performed it with a companion; (3) in the individual control situation they performed it again but alone. The aim of this research project was to establish: (1) how children change the meanings they give to objects when they move from an individual situation to a social one; and (2) the role of the two children's different classification strategies in the negotiation of shared meanings. The sample consisted of 72 6-year-old children. Three different classification criteria were distinguished: category; function; and narrative. The results showed that children who used narrative criteria in the first phase ("narrative children") modified them during the second phase in favour of more categorial criteria. Analysis of the interactional process revealed that narrative children were significantly more willing than "logical children" (who had used categorial criteria in the first phase) to come to terms with their companion's point of view. In the third phase both types of children changed their classification strategies, in part absorbing their companion's classification approach. We conclude that: (1) the personal approach to giving a meaning to objects influences the individual child's interaction strategies; and (2) the experience of comparison and social conflict modifies attribution of meaning in narrative and logical children.

scholarly journals Healthy-minded religious phenomenon in shalawatan: a study on the three majelis shalawat in Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sekar Ayu Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
William James ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Religious Growth ◽  
To Come ◽  
Urban Spirituality

As a movement, majelis shalawat becomes religious phenomenon that recently flourish in Indonesia, particularly Java. It emerges as urban spirituality like majelis dzikir that previously popular among people. However majelis shalawat is dissimilar with majelis dzikir due to its characters are not sadness, sorrow, and crying; it prefer to express happiness, cheerful, and enjoying religion. These characters indicate a Healthy-minded religious phenomenon, a term which is came  originally from William James and popularized by W.H.Clark. Among many majelis shalawat groups ini Indonesia, the three most famous and biggest are Majelis Shalawat Habib Syech (Surakarta), Habib Luthfi (Pekalongan), and Maiyah Cak Nun (Yogyakarta). This research explores characteristics of majelis shalawat that indicate healthy-mindedness. Furthermore, it also discovers various motivations that lead people (jamaah) to follow the majelis shalawat. Conducting qualitative method and Psychology of Religion approach, and employing interview and observation as method for data gathering, it results several findings. First, as a religious activity, shalawatan reallydepends on the role of its charismatic leader. The charisma of Habib Luthfi, Habib Syech, and Cak Nun is the main attractive factor for jamaah to come. It ; "> is because the charismatic leaders have deep understanding of religious knowledge and they also are blessed with certain talent such as beautiful voice and having good skill on music. Besides that, the leaders are often giving smart joke. Second, through shalawatan, people feel happiness and optimistic to face their life, preferring extrovert attitudes, have more free theology, and feels conducive atmosphere for their religious growth. Those are evidences that majelis shalawat has healthy-mindedness characters. Third, people motivation also in in attending majlis shalawat consist of religious escapism, strengthening solidarity and ukhuwah islamiyah, to learn more religious knowledge (thalabul ‘ilmi), and to gain religious transformation.Majelis shalawat sebagai sebuah gerakan merupakan fenomena keagamaan yang marak di Indonesia khususnya Jawa. Kehadirannya lebih sebagai spiritualitas urban namun tampil berbeda jika dibandingkan majelis dzikir yang terlebih dahulu populer. Majelis shalawat tidak menunjukkan cirri sendu, muram, dan tangisan seperti majelis dzikir, namun justru memperlihatkan cirri bahagia, senang, dan menikmati agama. Karakteristik beragama yang demikian oleh Clark dan William James disebut healthy mindedness. Dari beberapa majelis shalawat di Indonesia, tiga yang terbesar adalah Majelis Shalawat Habib Syech (Surakarta), Habib Luthfi (Pekalongan), Maiyah Cak Nun (Yogyakarta). Penelitian ini menelusuri apa saja karakteristik majelis shalawat yang merupakan indikasi healthymindedness, kemudian mengungkap pula ragam motivasi yang mendorong jamaah mengikuti majelis shalawat. Dengan menerapkan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan Psikologi Agama, dan dengan interview serta observasi sebagai alat utama pengumpulan data, penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan. Pertama, sebagai sebuah aktifitas keagamaan, majelis shalawat cukup bergantung dari peran sang tokoh utama pemimpin majelis shalawat. Karisma Habib Luthfi, Habib Syech, dan Cak Nun merupakan daya tarik terbesar bagi jamaah. Hal ini karena selain memiliki kedalaman ilmu agama, para pemimpin karismatik tersebut juga diberkahi dengan kemerduan suara dan kemampuan bermusik, bahkan humor cerdas juga sering muncul sehingga menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi jamaah. Kedua, dengan mengikuti majeliss halawat, jamaah merasakan kebahagiaan dan optimism dalam menatap kehidupan, mereka bersikap lebih ekstrovet, berteologi secara lebih bebas, dan merasakan situasi yang mendukung untuk perkembangan keberagamaan mereka. Hal-hal tersebut menandakan bahwa majelis shalawat memiliki karakter healthy-mindedness. Ketiga, motivasi jamaah dalam mengikuti majlis shalawat, yaitu untuk mendapatkan jalan keluar yang agamis, menguatkansilaturahim dan ukhuwah islamiyah, mencari ilmu(thalabul ‘ilmi), dan untukmencapai transformasi keagamaan. 

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

Whatever Happened to the Cambridge Capital Theory Controversies? (With comments by L. Pasinetti, F. Fisher, J. Felipe and J. McCombie, R. Greenfield and reply by the authors)

2009 ◽  
pp. 4-27
Author(s):  
A. Cohen ◽  
G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Capital Theory

The article written by the well-known theorists and historians of economic thought contains a detailed overview of the Cambridge capital controversy, which had raged from the mid-1950-s through the mid-1970-s. The authors track the origins of the controversy and cover arguments of both sides in chronological order. From their point of view, the discussion hasnt been resolved, and its main underlying aspects were ideological beliefs and fundamental methodological controversies on the nature of equilibrium and on the role of time in economic theory. The article is published with comments written by other leading theoreticians.

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