3. Agricultural products and trade

2016 ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Paul Brassley ◽  
Richard Soffe
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Food Products ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Farm Product

‘Agricultural products and trade’ considers what the agricultural industry as a whole produces, and the working of the local and international markets into which its output is sold, including the effects of demand and supply. The two biggest categories of farm product are food and livestock feed for farm and companion animals, but other important products include plant and animal fibres, fuels, and pharmaceuticals. Farmers are also responsible for providing a range of ‘ecosystem services’. Some food products can be grown and processed on site, but the bulk of the world’s agricultural output needs further processing with entire industries having developed to process cereals, milk, and meat.

Matching Supply and Demand on Agricultural Market in Romania

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Ion Raluca Andreea
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Internal Production

This paper identifies the relationships among different components of supply and demand on the market of agricultural and food products in Romania. Statistical data regarding the levels of production, internal availabilities for consumption, exports, and imports have been analyzed. The hypothesis whether domestic agricultural output satisfy demand has been verified and the results show that, in order to satisfy demand, imports supplement internal production of agro-food products. The share of imports varies from 4.5% for potatoes to 85% for fish and fish products. Trade balances are negative for all agricultural products, except cereals. These findings have significant implications for the work of policy makers and businesses, as it calls for changing the strategies and practices in this area.

scholarly journals Irradiation influence on the chemical composition and morphological properties of the agricultural products

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
E N Anikieva ◽  
A Yu Astapov ◽  
A A Anikiev ◽  
E A Anikieva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Food Products ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Radiation Processing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Abstract The article discusses the impact of radiation treatment of agricultural products on their chemical composition, which determines the nutritional value of products, as well as on the main properties of products. The main advantages of agricultural products that have undergone radiation treatment are given, related, inter alia, to an increase in their shelf life, prevention of diseases and insect damage. The world experience of increasing the volume of radiation processing products by type in comparison with the 2010 level is considered. The main criteria for radiation processing of food products and the levels of radiation doses required for absorption by products to achieve certain technological goals are presented. The influence of radiation doses of radiation on proteins, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins in agricultural products is indicated. The influence of radiation exposure on the growth and maturation of some crops is estimated. The possibility of the influence of changes in the structure and composition of irradiated food products on the human body is emphasized. The factors that ensure the profitability of farms that use the practice of radiation processing of agricultural products when supplying them to international markets are also given. The calculations are carried out on a model of a small farm specializing in the cultivation of cucumbers and tomatoes.

scholarly journals Iberian Halophytes as Agroecological Solutions for Degraded Lands and Biosaline Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Bernardo Duarte ◽  
Isabel Caçador
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Green Solution

Research on biosaline agriculture has been increasing worldwide in recent years. In this respect, the Iberian halophyte diversity present a high-value ecological solution to be implemented for biosaline-based agroecosystems. The research on these halophytic species has been increasing worldwide and, in the recent years, especially in terms saline agriculture adaptation, osmophysiology and nutraceutical potential, highlighting the importance and potential of these species in terms of agrosolutions. The Mediterranean area has high biodiversity in terms of endemic halophytic vegetation (ca. 62 species), providing an alternative pool of potential new agricultural products to be cultivated in adverse conditions. Besides being highly diverse, most of these species are endemic and present a perennial life cycle with several applications in terms of food, forage, nutraceutical, feedstock and remediation. More specifically, the Iberian halophytic flora shows potential as resources of essential fatty acids, minerals and antioxidants—all very important for human and animal nutrition. Alongside the establishment of halophyte agroecological solutions is the provision of key ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and soil rehabilitation. Moreover, halophyte-based ecosystems provide additional recognized ecosystem services, beyond the final product production, by improving soil health, ecosystem biodiversity and storing large amounts of carbon, thereby increasing the ecosystem resilience to climate change and offering a green solution against climate change.

Spain and the War

1917 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
Artificial Stimulus ◽  
The Cost ◽  
At Home

Like other neutral nations of Europe, Spain has been tremendously affected by the war. Though she has not been brought into such close contact with the great struggle as have Holland and the Scandinavian countries, because of her distance from the battlefields and the comparative insignificance of her commercial interests, she has nevertheless felt and is still feeling a great strain, the chief characteristics of which are economic. The cost of living in Spain has increased several fold. This is due in part to the difficulty in obtaining both manfactured articles and coal for her own industries and in part to the great scarcity of agricultural products: the result of the short-sighted policy followed up to the present of exporting food products which should have been retained at home. Though possessed of a greater arable area in proportion to her population than any other country in Europe except Russia, the methods of agricultural production in Spain are wofully deficient. As a result of her own backwardness and her failure to develop either her industrial or her agricultural resources, Spain is now suffering, to a lesser degree possibly, the same inconveniences which are disturbing Germany, France and England: namely, a scarcity of food; and she does not possess the artificial stimulus which those countries have to aid in overcoming it.

scholarly journals Structural and regional features of the development of Russia’s agri-food exports

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-132
Author(s):  
M. D. Goryachko ◽  
N. S. Leonenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Balassa Index

The recent interest in the topic of agri-food exports is caused by investment activity in agriculture after 2014 and, as a consequence, the positive dynamics of the main indicators of the industry's development. Russia’s food exports has grown more than 15 times since the early 2000s, and the dozens of countries around the world buy this food. At the same time, there are structural and regional features that indicate the limited results achieved in foreign trade, but Russia’s agri-food exports are growing only at the expense of three categories of goods (grain, vegetable oil and fish) with a lower added value than by top-processed food products. It is noted that despite the large number of importing countries, only a few of them purchase significant volumes of Russia’s food. The aim of the study is to quantify the regional differences in the involvement of the territory in the export of food and agricultural raw materials. The assessment showed that most of the Russia’s regions are poorly involved in foreign trade, therefore more than half of all food exports belong to several regions that have a large seaport and produce one of the three main food products. Based on the assessment results, a typology of Russia’s regions is presented according to the criterion of involvement in Russia’s export of agricultural products, taking into account the characteristics of exported products (upper, middle or lower processing). The results obtained make it possible to assess the real export activity of the agroindustrial sector of the regions and the potential for its increase in the future. To calculate the dynamics and regional distribution of Russia’s food exports we used the database of the Federal Customs Service of Russia (HS codes 01-24). In the article, we also calculated the Balassa index and the export diversification index, modified for analyzing the involvement of Russia’s regions in the export of agricultural products.

The role of the WTO in achieving equity and efficiency in international markets for agricultural products

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD MACLAREN
Keyword(s):  
International Markets ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Objective

The fundamental objective of the negotiations on agriculture that are taking place in the Doha Round is to establish a new set of rules, which will correct current distortions and prevent future distortions in international markets for agricultural products while taking into account non-trade concerns and special and differential treatment. A summary of the chronology of the very slow progress to date in the negotiations is provided. This rate of progress is explained through considering the weights the different groups of governments are giving to removing trade distortions, on the one hand, and to non-trade concerns and special and differential treatment, on the other. Some results from the economic theory of distortions and welfare are used to explain the conditions under which the twin pursuits of non-trade concerns domestically and fairness internationally are compatible. These results are contrasted with the realities of the current negotiations on the agriculture component of the ‘July 2004 package’.

scholarly journals The Need to Diversify the Economy and Agriculture in the Transition to a New Technological Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4730-4735
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Agricultural Organizations

Objective. An analysis of the current state of the agricultural industry of the Siberian Federal District Methodology. The following methods were used: statistical, monographic, graphic. Results. The authors revealed that the main producers of agricultural products are agricultural organizations, followed by households (ranking second) and peasant farms (ranking third). Use in practice. The authors examined the dynamics of production of major crops and livestock, which subsequently can be included into the development programs for state support of agriculture. Originality. The paper emphasizes that an increase in agricultural production is possible through the use of intensive factors of production.

Lauksaimniecības produktu pašnodrošinājums Latvijā

2021 ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Aija Eglīte ◽  
Marija Dūduma ◽  
Sandra Lejniece
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
The Self ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
World Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Agriculture plays a major role in ensuring the existence of humanity. Today, the agricultural industry is playing an increasingly important role as farmers not only supply food to the world's population but also provide some people with jobs, particularly in rural areas, and protect and develop the rural landscape, without which we cannot imagine our world. Food production is one of the most important prerequisites for agriculture, yet the problem is whether the agricultural output in Latvia is able to meet the demand for food by the country's population in relation to the main food groups. The research aims to examine the self-sufficiency of agricultural products in Latvia. The research is based on annual agricultural reports and statistics for the period of 2011-2018 provided by the Rural Support Service. The key research results reveal that the output significantly exceeds consumption for some food groups, yet there are some agricultural products that highly depend on import.

Demand and supply of agricultural ES: towards benefit-based policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1223-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Tienhaara ◽  
Emmi Haltia ◽  
Eija Pouta ◽  
Kyösti Arovuori ◽  
Ioanna Grammatikopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Almost All

Abstract In order to integrate ecosystem services (ES) in designing agri-environmental policy, we investigated both the demand for, and supply of, ES from agricultural environments in Finland. Using the discrete choice experiment method, we measured citizens’ willingness to pay (WTP) for four different ES and analysed farmers’ compensation request (willingness to accept [WTA]) for producing these services. Biodiversity and water quality gathered the highest WTA of farmers, but also the highest WTP of citizens. Overall, the average WTA exceeded the WTP for almost all attributes and levels, but 20–27 per cent of farmers were willing to produce the ES with the compensation lower than citizens’ WTP.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Food Security of Coal Mining Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosinskiy ◽  
Natalia Zaruba ◽  
Natalia Egorova ◽  
Aleksey Kharitonov
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Synergistic Approach ◽  
Land Retirement ◽  
Nutrition Standards

The problems of food security of Kemerovo region are studied in the article. It was found that agribusiness and its performance are significantly affected by the pronounced industry orientation of the region, in which coal mining is intensively developed, which is accompanied by the annual land retirement. Assessing the food security of the region in terms of balanced nutrition in terms of calories, protein, fats and carbohydrates in food, one could conclude that they are not consistent with the vital needs of people. The imbalance of nutrition of the population affects its health, which, according to epidemiologists, is commensurate with genetic, active chemical or infectious negative effects on humans. To address food security of the region, a forecast of food consumption by the population was developed taking into account scientifically-based nutrition standards, taking into account: the level of money income and purchasing power of the population, effective demand for agricultural products; production capacity of agricultural industry and production facilities. It is proposed to apply a synergistic approach based on the creation of an agri-food cluster.

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