scholarly journals A-19 Inhibition in Metabolic Syndrome and its Relationship to Orbitofrontal Cortex Activation During Sucrose Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-878
Author(s):  
T Slonim ◽  
A Jacobson ◽  
L Haase-Alasantro ◽  
M Marvin ◽  
C Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Fmri Session ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Disinhibited Eating ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Metabolic syndrome(MetS) is associated with disinhibited eating,executive dysfunction,and increased risk of dementia. The orbitofrontal cortex(OFC) has been implicated in literature as an area involved with decision making and reward. Decreased OFC volume has been linked to disinhibited eating and poorer executive functioning skills.However,research examining executive functioning in individuals with MetS fails to address the role of inhibition as it pertains to consumption and risk of developing MetS. We examined the relationship between neuropsychological performance and OFC activation after receiving and rating a sucrose stimulus to determine if OFC activation is associated with executive functioning deficits that may lead to developing MetS. Method Participants were categorized by MetS status(n = 46) and Control(n = 34) with mean age of 49.13±20.29years. During an fMRI session, the Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent(BOLD) response of OFC was recorded while participants rated the pleasantness of an aqueous sucrose solution. Participants were administered the Color-Word Interference Test outside the scanner. Partial Correlation analyses controlling for age examined the relationship between OFC activation during hedonic ratings of sucrose and cognitive performance. Results There was a significant negative relationship between left OFC activity and Color-Word Interference:Inhibition performance for Controls(r(42) = -.365, p = .015) as compared to MetS(r(30) = .141,p > .05). Conclusions Less activity in the OFC during sucrose hedonic rating was associated with better performance on the Inhibition condition for Controls. We speculate that decreased activation in the OFC after sucrose consumption reflects intact executive functioning and perhaps even a preventative factor to developing MetS. Alternatively, it could indicate that Controls are actively inhibiting hedonic responses to sucrose which improves their ability on a test of inhibition.

scholarly journals A-20 Metabolic Syndrome and Executive Functioning in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-879
Author(s):  
T Slonim ◽  
L Haase-Alasantro ◽  
C Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased rates of mortality and increased risk for developing dementia. Changes in brain structure and executive functioning have been reported within the literature. However, research examining cognitive performance in individuals with metabolic syndrome focuses primarily on older cohorts. As such, the effect of metabolic syndrome on cognitive functioning earlier in the lifespan is unclear. This research examined neuropsychological test performance and self-report measures in young, middle-aged, and older adults with and without MetS. Method Participants (n = 128) were categorized by age and metabolic status as follows: Young: n = 42, 52.4% Metabolic; Middle-Age: n = 41, 56.1% Metabolic; Older: n = 45, 51.1% Metabolic. Participants were administered the following cognitive assessments as part of a larger study: Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) Color-Word Interference Test and Trail Making. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to examine the relationship between age group, metabolic status, and cognitive performance. Results As expected, older adults performed more poorly than young and middle-aged adults across neurocognitive assessments (p < .05). MetS adults performed more slowly on Color-Word Interference: Inhibition [F(1,114) = 5.26, p = .024, η2 = .05]; however, there were no additional significant differences between groups on cognitive tests in this sample size. Conclusions These findings suggest that aspects of inhibition might be impaired in MetS adults. Future studies aimed at investigating relationships between metabolic risk factors and inhibition may provide insight into effective intervention targets to delay or prevent metabolic syndrome.

FABP1 gene variant associated with risk of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Zare-Feyzabadi ◽  
Majid Mozaffari ◽  
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan ◽  
Mohsen Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is defined by a clustering of metabolic abnormalities associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There has been an increasing interest in the associations of genetic variants involved in diabetes and obesity in the FABP1 pathway. The relationship between the rs2241883 polymorphism of FABP1 and risk of MetS remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to examine the association between this genetic polymorphism and the presence of MetS and its constituent factors. Methods: A total of 942 participants were recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerosis Disorders (MASHAD study) Cohort. Patients with MetS were identified using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria (n=406) and those without MetS (n=536) were also recruited. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and used for genotyping of the FABP1 rs2241883T/C polymorphism using Tetra-Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR). Genetic analysis was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. Results: Using both univariate and multivariate analyses after adjusting for age, sex and physical activity, carriers of C allele (CT/CC genotypes) in FABP1 variant were related to an increased risk of MetS, compared to non-carriers (OR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.04,1.82, p=0.026). Conclusion: The present study shows that C allele in the FABP1 variant can be associated with an increased risk of MetS. The evaluation of these factors in a larger population may help further confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Psychosis and drug dependence: results from a national survey of prisoners

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farrell ◽  
A. Boys ◽  
P. Bebbington ◽  
T. Brugha ◽  
J. Coid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reduced Risk

BackgroundThe links between drug use and psychosis are of major aetiological and prognostic significance. Psychosis and drug dependence frequently co-occur within the prison population, providing the opportunity to study this link more closely.AimsTo explore the relationship between psychosis and drug dependence in a sample of prisoners.MethodA total of 3142 prisoners were surveyed nationally and structured clinical data were obtained from a subsample of 503 respondents. Psychiatric assessment was based on the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (version 1.0). Measures of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and heroin use and dependence were obtained through self-report.ResultsLogistic regression analyses indicated that first use of amphetamines or cocaine before the age of 16 years and severe cannabis or cocaine dependence were related to an increased risk of psychosis. In contrast, severe dependence on heroin was associated with a reduced risk of this classification.ConclusionsSevere dependence on cannabis and psychostimulants is associated with a higher risk of psychosis and is in contrast to severe dependence on heroin, which has a negative relationship with psychosis.

scholarly journals The association of sleep duration and metabolic syndrome in the Bandare-Kong cohort study, a cross-sectional survey (finding from PERSIAN cohort study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shideh Rafati ◽  
Maryam Isheh ◽  
Abnoos Azarbad ◽  
Farhad Ghadiri Soufi ◽  
Arash Rahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background A variety of health problems, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), have been linked to sleep disorders. While numerous epidemiological studies have shown a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and poor health outcomes, the results were limited and inconsistent. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and MetS. Methods This population-based study was conducted on the participants aged 35–70 of Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Diseases (BKNCD) Cohort Study, a part of Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN). MetS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria and the Iranian-specific cut-off for waist circumference (≥ 95 cm). Sleep information was extracted through a standard questionnaire based on self-reported information. Data were analyzed by R software using generalized additive models (GAMs). A statistically significant level was considered as P < 0.05. Results A total of 3695 participants were included in the analyses. The mean age was 48.05 years (SD 9.36), and 2067 (55.9%) were female. The estimated Prevalence of MetS was 35.9%, and women appeared to be more likely to have MetS than men (P < 0.001). There was a non-linear and linear association between sleep duration and the risk of MetS in women and men, respectively. The lowest risk was observed among those with 7–7.5 h of sleep duration per night. Conclusion Long sleep duration was associated with increased risk of MetS and higher MetS severity score in both genders, while the short sleep duration increased the risk of Mets as well as MetS severity score just in women. The longitudinal studies would be suggested to assess the relationship between sleep quality and quantity components and MetS.

scholarly journals Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated with Kidney Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1717
Author(s):  
Manuela Abbate ◽  
Catalina M. Mascaró ◽  
Sofía Montemayor ◽  
Miguel Casares ◽  
Cristina Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Glomerular Hyperfiltration ◽  
Estimated Gfr ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is early marked by kidney glomerular hyperfiltration. However, the association of NAFLD with kidney glomerular hyperfiltration has not been tested so far in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Aims: To assess the relationship between NAFLD and kidney glomerular hyperfiltration in adults with MetS. Methods: The study included 154 participants aged 40–60 years with MetS and NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasound. NAFLD was confirmed by MRI in 109 subjects. Participants underwent anthropometric measurements, and biochemistry testing. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula; hyperfiltration was defined as eGFR ≥ 120 mL/min. Results: Participants with MRI-proven NAFLD showed a worse metabolic profile and higher levels of eGFR than those with no NAFLD. Presence of NAFLD and increased weight were independently associated with an increased probability of presenting hyperfiltration. Conclusions: The present study shows an association between kidney glomerular hyperfiltration and NAFLD in adults with MetS. Establishing an association between NAFLD and kidney glomerular hyperfiltration would help to earlier identify those patients at increased risk of CKD, who would benefit from an early intervention.

scholarly journals Mediation role of body fat distribution (FD) on the relationship between CAV1 rs3807992 polymorphism and metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese women

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Abaj ◽  
Said Abdul Ghafour Saeedy ◽  
Khadijeh Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in almost all chronic diseases. The most frequent methods for the calculation of a continuous MetS (cMetS) score have used the standardized residuals in linear regression (z-score). Recently, emerging data suggest that one of the main genetic targets is the CAV1, which plays a crucial role in regulating body fat distribution. This study is designed to investigate the relationship between CAV1 rs3807992 genotypes and cMetS, and to determine whether body fat distribution plays a mediating role in this regard. Methods The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 386 overweight and obese females. The CAV1 rs3807992 and body composition were measured by the PCR–RFLP method and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Serum profile of HDL-C, TGs, FPG, and Insulin were measured by standard protocols. Results GG allele carriers had significantly lowered Z-MAP (p = 0.02), total cMetS (p = 0.03) and higher Z-HDL (p = 0.001) compared with (A) allele carriers. There was a significant specific indirect effect (standardized coefficient = 0.19; 95% CI 0.01–0.4) of Visceral fat level (VFL). Although, total body fat was significantly associated with CAV1 rs3807992 and cMetS, the specific indirect effect was not significant (standardized coefficient = 0.21; 95% CI − 0.006, 0.44). VFL contributed to significant indirect effects of 35% on the relationship between CAV1 and cMetS. Conclusion Higher visceral adipose tissue may affect the relationship between CAV1 and cMetS. Although CAV1 rs3807992 is linked to VFL in our study, the influence of this polymorphism on MetS is not via total fat.

scholarly journals Reduced insulin resistance partly mediated the association of high dietary magnesium intake with less metabolic syndrome in a large Chinese population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Yang ◽  
Liyun He ◽  
Yuxiu Li ◽  
Lingling Xu ◽  
Fan Ping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Magnesium Intake ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background High dietary magnesium intake may reduce insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, previous studies were inconsistent in Asian population and there have been no study about the mediation of IR in the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and MetS. Thus, this cross-sectional analysis aimed to evaluate the association between dietary magnesium intake, IR and MetS using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey. Methods Dietary magnesium intake was defined as daily dietary magnesium intake divided by body weight. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for IRand the prevalence of MetS across the quartile categories of dietary magnesium intake. Results 8,254 participants were included in final analysis. We found a significant negative association between dietary magnesium intake and IR, the multivariable-adjusted OR for HOMA-IR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of dietary magnesium intake was 0.435 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.376 to 0.502). The prevalence of the MetS was 33.5%, 24.9%, 18.4% and 13.4% for increasing quartiles of dietary magnesium intake (p <0.001). The direct effect and indirect effect of dietary magnesium on MetS was found significant, and the calculated percentage of mediation was 23.0%. Conclusion Our study demonstrated a significant and independent negative relationship among weight adjusted dietary magnesium intake, HOMA-IR and MetS in a large Chinese population. IR partly mediated the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and MetS.Keywords: diet magnesium intake; metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance; Chinese population; mediation effect

Daily sitting time associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Nam Bae ◽  
Hye Ryun Kim ◽  
Young-Jun Rhie ◽  
Kee-Hyoung Lee ◽  
Hyo-Kyoung Nam
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between daily sitting time and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents.Methods:Data from 486 adolescents aged 12–18 years were obtained from national surveys. Daily sitting time was measured using questionnaires and divided into three intervals: <8 h; 8–12 h; and ≥12 h.Results:The mean daily sitting time and prevalence of positive metabolic components were 620.9±9.9 min/day and 45.5±2.7%, respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, adolescents who sat longer were more likely to have metabolic components (p<0.05), independent of age, sex, area of residence, sleeping time and body mass index.Conclusions:Longer daily sitting time appears to be associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. These findings highlight the need to focus on reducing sitting time for all adolescents, not just for those at risk of obesity.

scholarly journals Understanding Racial and Rural Disparities in the Relationship between Social Isolation and Social Technology Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 933-933
Author(s):  
Kaileigh Byrne ◽  
Reza Ghaiumy Anaraky ◽  
Hannah Barfield ◽  
Summerlin Nickel
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Technology ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Social isolation is characterized by lack of social contacts and high degrees of loneliness. Feelings of loneliness and social isolation are linked to declines in cognitive functioning and increased risk of dementia. Previous research suggests that loneliness is more prevalent among Black and rural older adults compared to White and urban-dwelling older adults. Given these disparities, it is important to identify methods that reduce social isolation and loneliness among this population. Social technology, such as Facebook and Skype, is one possible way to connect with others. This study uses the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) dataset to examine racial and rural disparities in the relationship between social technology use and social isolation, loneliness, and social support among individuals age 50 and older. The overarching hypotheses are that (1) rural-dwelling older adults and older Blacks will report less social technology use compared to urban-dwelling and older White adults, and (2) there will be a negative relationship between loneliness and social technology use, and (3) a positive relationship between perceived positive social support and social technology use. Racial or rural disparities in these latter potential relationships are exploratory. Multiple linear regression analysis will be performed to assess these relationships. Preliminary correlational results indicate that, consistent with prior work, greater use of social technology was associated with higher social support (N=6,029; r=.29, p&lt;.001). However, contrary to our hypothesis, greater self-reported loneliness was associated with greater social technology (r=.09, p&lt;.001). Examination of potential racial and rural disparities in these relationships are currently underway.

STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME: CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS. RELATIONSHIP WITH PROLIFERATIVE PROCESSES AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-497
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Kishkina ◽  
Larisa Kolomiets ◽  
Natalya Yunusova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This literature review is devoted to the relationship of the structural features of the metabolic syndrome in proliferative processes and endometrial cancer (EC), and the identification of the relationship between the individual components of the metabolic syndrome and the development of endometrial cancer. The metabolic syndrome is currently a global medical and social problem, which is due to the wide spread of this symptom complex in the population. Today, the main concept of this syndrome is the concept of a cluster of components associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is known that an increase in the mass of adipose tissue above the norm by 20% or more leads to dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system. At the same time, the risk of RE on the background of metabolic syndrome increases by 2-3 times. This probability also largely depends on the severity of proliferation in the endometrium, which is caused by the presence of dyshormonal and metabolic disorders. In addition, this is due to the aggravation of insulin resistance, an increase in the production of androgens by the ovaries, the formation of stable anovulation and, as a result, the progression of pathological changes in the endometrium. With the onset of peri - and postmenopausal endometrial hyperplasia in about 50% of cases progressing to malignant pathology. The role of the system of insulin-like growth factors, adipokines secreted from visceral adipocytes of free fatty acids, local estrogen formation and hyperandrogenization is also recognized in creating a predisposition to the EC formation. According to the results of the study of the functioning of the autocrine-paracrine system of adipose tissue, the risk of endometrial proliferative processes is higher at low levels of adiponectin and high levels of insulin. All this indicates the feasibility of monitoring the status of adipose tissue.

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