Active peristaltic movements and fluid production of the mouse oviduct: their roles in fluid and sperm transport and fertilization†

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Hino ◽  
Ryuzo Yanagimachi
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Parasympathetic Innervation ◽  
Sperm Transport ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Oviduct Fluid ◽  
Undisturbed Flow

Abstract To study how the oviduct behaves in relation to fluid secretion and sperm transport, ovary–oviduct–uterus complexes of the mouse were installed in a fluid-circulating chamber without disturbing the blood circulation or parasympathetic innervation. Injection of a bolus of Indian ink into the lower isthmus revealed very active adovarian peristalsis of the isthmus, which was most prominent during the periovulatory period. Oviduct fluid, secreted by the entire length of the isthmus, was rapidly transported to the ampulla and ovarian bursa before draining into the peritoneal cavity. The upper isthmus, in particular the isthmic–ampullary junction, was responsible for this adovarian fluid flow. Peristalsis of the oviduct, undisturbed flow of oviduct fluid from the isthmus to the peritoneal cavity, and the spermatozoon's own motility all contribute to efficient sperm ascent and to fertilization within the oviduct. Therefore, chemotaxis, rheotaxis, and thermotaxis of spermatozoa toward oocyte–cumulus complexes in the ampulla are all unlikely mechanisms for explaining sperm–oocyte contact and successful fertilization, given the rapid adovarian flow of oviduct fluid in this species.

Developing bronchopulmonary epithelium of the human fetus secretes fluid

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. L270-L279 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. McCray ◽  
J. D. Bettencourt ◽  
J. Bastacky
Keyword(s):  
Human Fetus ◽  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Chloride Secretion ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Lung Fluid ◽  
Luminal Area ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Human Fetal Lung

We studied human fetal lung tissue in submersion organ culture to determine whether the bronchopulmonary epithelium secretes fluid during development. In this system the acinar tubules continued to grow, secrete fluid, and become progressively dilated. Baseline transepithelial potential differences (psi t) of -0.5 to -11 mV (mean, -3.8 mV, lumen negative, n = 27) were measured with microelectrodes after 3-8 days in culture, suggesting active electrolyte transport. Bumetanide (500 microM), an inhibitor of chloride secretion in other systems, decreased the basal psi t from -5 +/- 1.5 to -3.2 +/- 1.6 (SE) mV (P less than 0.05, n = 6), suggesting that chloride transport contributed to the voltage. Isoproterenol (5 microM) increased the baseline psi t from -5.6 +/- 2.1 to -9.2 +/- 2.5 (SE) mV (P less than 0.05, n = 4). Subsequent addition of bumetanide inhibited the isoproterenol-induced stimulation of the psi t by 20% (P less than 0.05). 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. (CPT-cAMP, 50 microM) and 3-isobutyl 1-methylxanthine (IBMX, 100 microM) had similar effects, causing an increase in the psi t from -2.2 +/- 0.5 to -8 +/- 1.6 (SE) mV, an effect that was inhibited by the addition of bumetanide (P less than 0.005, n = 6). Both isoproterenol and CPT-cAMP/IBMX produced significant increases in the percentage luminal area of the explants at 12 and 24 h after exposure compared with control. We conclude that 1) the developing bronchopulmonary epithelium (acinar tubules) contributes to lung fluid production in the human fetus, 2) fetal lung fluid secretion is chloride dependent, and 3) chloride secretion and fluid secretion may be stimulated by a beta-agonist and cAMP.

Intracellular calcium in cultured rabbit oviduct epithelial cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Dickens ◽  
CI Cox ◽  
HJ Leese
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Ion Substitution ◽  
Secretory Type ◽  
Oviduct Epithelial Cells ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Oviduct Fluid

Oviduct fluid is the medium in which fertilization and early embryonic development occur but little is known about the ionic basis of fluid secretion or its control. Since calcium ions (Ca2+) are involved in the mechanism of secretion in other epithelia, the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured in single, rabbit oviduct epithelial cells in primary culture using the fluorescent dye Fura-2. The resting [Ca2+]i was constant (115 nM) in cells cultured for 2-7 days. Ion substitution experiments demonstrated the presence of a Na+/Ca(2+)-exchange system in the plasma membrane, whereas influx through channels was found to have only a minor role maintaining the resting [Ca2+]i. The addition of dibutyryl cAMP (db cAMP) induced two types of response: the first was an increase in [Ca2+]i, dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+, and the second was a zero response. Extracellular ATP induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i owing to the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and Ca2+ entering the cell across the plasma membrane. It is proposed that these effects may be due to the presence of two types of cell in culture-the ciliated and non-ciliated (secretory type) oviduct epithelial cells.

Two nitridergic peptides are encoded by the gene capability in Drosophila melanogaster

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. R1297-R1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kean ◽  
William Cazenave ◽  
Laurence Costes ◽  
Kate E. Broderick ◽  
Shirley Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Renal Tubule ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Secretion Rates

A Drosophila gene ( capability, capa) at 99D on chromosome 3R potentially encodes three neuropeptides: GANMGLYAFPRV-amide (capa-1), ASGLVAFPRV-amide (capa-2), and TGPSASSGLWGPRL-amide (capa-3). Capa-1 and capa-2 are related to the lepidopteran hormone cardioacceleratory peptide 2b, while capa-3 is a novel member of the pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide/diapause hormone/pyrokinin family. By immunocytochemistry, we identified four pairs of neuroendocrine cells likely to release the capa peptides into the hemolymph: one pair in the subesophageal ganglion and the other three in the abdominal neuromeres. In the Malpighian (renal) tubule, capa-1 and capa-2 increase fluid secretion rates, stimulate nitric oxide production, and elevate intracellular Ca2+ and cGMP in principal cells. Capa-stimulated fluid secretion, but not intracellular Ca2+ concentration rise, is inhibited by the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue. The actions of capa-1 and capa-2 are not synergistic, implying that both act on the same pathways in tubules. The capa gene is thus the first to be shown to encode neuropeptides that act on renal fluid production through nitric oxide.

scholarly journals Human CNS barrier-forming organoids with cerebrospinal fluid production

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6500) ◽  
pp. eaaz5626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pellegrini ◽  
Claudia Bonfio ◽  
Jessica Chadwick ◽  
Farida Begum ◽  
Mark Skehel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
By Products

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a vital liquid, providing nutrients and signaling molecules and clearing out toxic by-products from the brain. The CSF is produced by the choroid plexus (ChP), a protective epithelial barrier that also prevents free entry of toxic molecules or drugs from the blood. Here, we establish human ChP organoids with a selective barrier and CSF-like fluid secretion in self-contained compartments. We show that this in vitro barrier exhibits the same selectivity to small molecules as the ChP in vivo and that ChP-CSF organoids can predict central nervous system (CNS) permeability of new compounds. The transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of ChP-CSF organoids reveal a high degree of similarity to the ChP in vivo. Finally, the intersection of single-cell transcriptomics and proteomic analysis uncovers key human CSF components produced by previously unidentified specialized epithelial subtypes.

COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR HEAT TRANSFER COUPLED WITH FLUID FLOW WITHIN PERITONEAL CAVITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Simic ◽  
◽  
Jessica Domitrovic ◽  
Miljan Milosevic ◽  
Bogdan Milicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Peritoneal Surface

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become an essential part of the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis [1,2]. HIPEC is a cancer treatment procedure that involves filling the abdominal cavity with chemotherapy drugs that have been heated (also known as “hot chemotherapy”). HIPEC is performed after the surgical procedure of removing tumors or lesions from the abdominal area. In the past 30 years, the approach of combining CRS with minimal residual disease and intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy emerged as one with a potential for long-term survival. Multiple strategies have been employed to measure the functional peritoneal surface area and determine the required perfusion volume. For that purpose, we have developed a novel computational model (consisted from peritoneal cavity with immersed organs, generated from STL files), with precisely calculated functional peritoneal surface area and cavity volume (for each patient). Using finite element procedure, we have managed to model a heat transfer inside the cavity, coupled with fluid flow. Further, we summarized solutions for velocity and temperature field, obtained using our software package PAK accompanied by the visualization in-house CAD software. Aim is to develop a novel protocol to calculate optimal volume of perfusion that could be easily integrated into the preoperative procedure and to help surgeons to deliver a precise dose of chemotherapy to the peritoneum cavity.

Effects of changes in the concentration of systemic progesterone on ions, amino acids and energy substrates in cattle oviduct and uterine fluid and blood

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Hugentobler ◽  
J. M. Sreenan ◽  
P. G. Humpherson ◽  
H. J. Leese ◽  
M. G. Diskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Uterine Fluid ◽  
Oviduct Fluid ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Early embryo loss is a major factor affecting the conception rate in cattle. Up to 40% of cattle embryos die within 3 weeks of fertilisation while they are nutritionally dependent on oviduct and uterine fluids for their survival. Inadequate systemic progesterone is one of the factors contributing to this loss. We have characterised the effects of changes in systemic progesterone on amino acid, ion and energy substrate composition of oviduct and uterine fluids on Days 3 and 6, respectively, of the oestrus cycle in cattle. Oviduct and uterine fluids were collected in situ following infusion of progesterone. There was no effect of progesterone on oviduct fluid secretion rate; however, uterine fluid secretion rate was lowered. Progesterone increased uterine glucose, decreased oviduct sulfate and, to a lesser degree, oviduct sodium, but had no effect on any of the ions in the uterus. The most marked effect of progesterone was on oviducal amino acid concentrations, with a twofold increase in glycine, whereas in the uterus only valine was increased. These results provide novel information on the maternal environment of the early cattle embryo and provide further evidence of progesterone regulation of oviduct amino acid concentrations in cattle.

scholarly journals Insights from the geological record of deformation along the subduction interface at depths of seismogenesis

Geosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Fisher ◽  
John N. Hooker ◽  
Andrew J. Smye ◽  
Tsai-Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Seismogenic Zone ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Seismic Slip ◽  
Earthquake Simulator ◽  
Interseismic Deformation ◽  
Fluid Production

Subduction interfaces are loci of interdependent seismic slip behavior, fluid flow, and mineral redistribution. Mineral redistribution leads to coupling between fluid flow and slip behavior through decreases in porosity/permeability and increases in cohesion during the interseismic period. We investigate this system from the perspective of ancient accretionary complexes with regional zones of mélange that record noncoaxial strain during underthrusting adjacent to the subduction interface. Deformation of weak mudstones is accompanied by low-grade metamorphic reactions, dissolution along scaly microfaults, and the removal of fluid-mobile chemical components, whereas stronger sandstone blocks preserve veins that contain chemical components depleted in mudstones. These observations support local diffusive mass transport from scaly fabrics to veins during interseismic viscous coupling. Underthrusting sediments record a crack porosity that fluctuates due to the interplay of cracking and precipitation. Permanent interseismic deformation involves pressure solution slip, strain hardening, and the development of new shears in undeformed material. In contrast, coseismic slip may be accommodated within observed narrow zones of cataclastic deformation at the top of many mélange terranes. A kinetic model implies interseismic changes in physical properties in less than hundreds of years, and a numerical model that couples an earthquake simulator with a fluid flow system depicts a subduction zone interface governed by feedbacks between fluid production, permeability, hydrofracturing, and aging via mineral precipitation. During an earthquake, interseismic permeability reduction is followed by coseismic rupture of low permeability seals and fluid pressure drop in the seismogenic zone. Updip of the seismogenic zone, there is a post-seismic wave of higher fluid pressure that propagates trenchward.

Recent Developments in Contra-Flow Crawler in Pipeline

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 784-788
Author(s):  
Mohamad Azmi Md Haniffa ◽  
Fakhruldin M. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Recent Developments

Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) is a device which is inserted into a pipeline and travels throughout the entire length of pipeline and has been used since over 100 years in the petroleum industries to maintain the condition of pipelines mainly for smoothness of production and transportation of hydrocarbon products. Setbacks of conventional PIG; (1) can only move in the direction of the fluid flow, and therefore, (2) they need to be inserted at a specific point in the pipeline during application. This exercise is costly or even dangerous in some circumstances as it requires intervention of human. In order to overcome such difficulties in pigging, several development works of pipeline contra-flow crawler have been developed and aimed at solving the problem of entering and leaving the pipeline from a single exit. The essential bidirectional capability makes it very valuable to many industries, especially the petroleum industries. The objective of this paper is to review the recent developments of contra-flow crawler which has become a continual interest of PIG developers. The review carried out would serve as an industrial application in a form of a quick reference of recent developments in contra-flow crawler in pipeline, and for related industries.

Cerebrospinal Fluid, Brain Electrolytes Balance, and the Unsuspected Intrinsic Property of Melanin to Dissociate the Water Molecule

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 743-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Solís Herrera ◽  
Ghulam Md Ashraf ◽  
María del Carmen Arias Esparza ◽  
Vadim V. Tarasov ◽  
Vladimir N. Chubarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Current View ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Fluid Transfer ◽  
The Brain

Background & Objective: Regulation of composition, volume and turnover of fluids surrounding the brain and damp cells is vital. These fluids transport all substances required for cells and remove the unwanted materials. This regulation tends to act as barrier to prevent free exchange of materials between the brain and blood. There are specific mechanisms concerned with fluid secretion of the controlled composition of the brain, and others responsible for reabsorption eventually to blood and the extracellular fluid whatever their composition is. The current view assumes that choroidal plexuses secrete the major part of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), while the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) has a much less contribution to fluid production, generating Interstitial Fluid (ISF) that drains to CSF. The skull is a rigid box; thereby the sum of volumes occupied by the parenchyma with its ISF, related connective tissue, the vasculature, the meninges and the CSF must be relatively constant according to the Monroe-Kellie dogma. This constitutes a formidable challenge that normal organisms surpass daily. The ISF and CSF provide water and solutes influx and efflux from cells to these targeted fluids in a quite precise way. Microvessels within the parenchyma are sufficiently close to every cell where diffusion areas for solutes are tiny. Despite this, CSF and ISF exhibit very similar compositions, but differ significantly from blood plasma. Many hydrophilic substances are effectively prevented from the entry into the brain via blood, while others like neurotransmitters are extremely hindered from getting out of the brain. Anatomical principle of the barrier and routes of fluid transfer cannot explain the extraordinary accuracy of fluids and substances needed to enter or leave the brain firmly. There is one aspect that has not been deeply analyzed, despite being prevalent in all the above processes, it is considered a part of the CSF and ISF dynamics. This aspect is the energy necessary to propel them properly in time, form, space, quantity and temporality. Conclusion: The recent hypothesis based on glucose and ATP as sources of energy presents numerous contradictions and controversies. The discovery of the unsuspected intrinsic ability of melanin to dissociate and reform water molecules, similar to the role of chlorophyll in plants, was confirmed in the study of ISF and CSF biology.

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