scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome and Diabetes Status in the Multiethnic Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1450-1450
Author(s):  
Gertraud Maskarinec ◽  
Phyllis Raquinio ◽  
Bruce Kristal ◽  
Lynne Wilkens ◽  
Adrian Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bonferroni Adjustment ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort ◽  
Diabetes Status

Abstract Objectives As features of the gut microbiome may promote the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), we examined the hypothesis that gut microbiome composition differs by glycemic/diabetes status within a subset of the Multiethnic Cohort. We also estimated the association of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) as a measure of circulating bacterial endotoxin with T2D. This outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria may affect glucose metabolism. Methods In 2013–16, cohort members from 5 ethnic groups completed clinic visits, questionnaires, and stool collections. Participants with self-reported T2D and/or taking medication were considered T2D cases. Those with fasting glucose >125 and 100–125 mg/dL were classified as undiagnosed (UT2D) and prediabetes (PT2D). We characterized the gut microbiome through 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V1-V3). Plasma LBP was measured by ELISA. Linear regression was applied to estimate associations of gut microbiome community structure and LBP with T2D status adjusting for relevant confounders. Results Among 1756 participants (59.9–77.4 years), 315 (18%) were T2D, 158 (9%) UT2D, 518 (29%) PT2D, and 765 (44%) normoglycemic (NG). The Shannon diversity index was lower (6.30, 6.25, 6.28, 6.18; P = 0.02) and LBP was higher (26.0, 26.6, 28.6, 28.2 µg/mL; P = 0.0009) in T2D than NG participants. Of 10 phyla, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were inversely associated with T2D status (P = 0.004). Six of 161 genera were significantly related to T2D status after Bonferroni adjustment: the abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Lachnospira, Lachnospiraceae NC2004, and Peptostreptococcaceae was lower, while Lachnospiraceae uncultured and Escherichia-Shigella were more abundant among T2D than NG participants. In general, those with PT2D and UT2D had values closer to NG than T2D individuals. Conclusions Participants with T2D showed a lower abundance of bacteria capable of fermenting plant polysaccharides and higher levels of gram-negative endotoxin-producing bacteria indicating that a less favorable pattern of gut microbiome community structure may contribute to T2D through endotoxin binding to toll-like receptors via LBP and activation of the NFkB pathway associated with chronic systemic inflammation. Funding Sources NIH grants P01CA169530, U01CA164973, P30CA071789, #UL1TR000130, R01HL140335.

scholarly journals The gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0250855
Author(s):  
Gertraud Maskarinec ◽  
Phyllis Raquinio ◽  
Bruce S. Kristal ◽  
Veronica W. Setiawan ◽  
Lynne R. Wilkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort ◽  
Diabetes Status

Background The gut microbiome may play a role in inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. This cross-sectional study examined its relation with glycemic status within a subset of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and estimated the association of circulating bacterial endotoxin (measured as plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)) with T2D, which may be mediated by C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods In 2013–16, cohort members from five ethnic groups completed clinic visits, questionnaires, and stool and blood collections. Participants with self-reported T2D and/or taking medication were considered T2D cases. Those with fasting glucose >125 and 100–125 mg/dL were classified as undiagnosed (UT2D) and pre-diabetes (PT2D) cases, respectively. We characterized the gut microbiome through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and measured plasma LBP and CRP by standard assays. Linear regression was applied to estimate associations of the gut microbiome community structure and LBP with T2D status adjusting for relevant confounders. Results Among 1,702 participants (59.9–77.4 years), 735 (43%) were normoglycemic (NG), 506 (30%) PT2D, 154 (9%) UT2D, and 307 (18%) T2D. The Shannon diversity index decreased (ptrend = 0.05), while endotoxin, measured as LBP, increased (ptrend = 0.0003) from NG to T2D. Of 10 phyla, Actinobacteria (ptrend = 0.007), Firmicutes (ptrend = 0.003), and Synergistetes (ptrend = 0.02) were inversely associated and Lentisphaerae (ptrend = 0.01) was positively associated with T2D status. Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Lachnospira, and Peptostreptococcaceae were less, while Escherichia-Shigella and Lachnospiraceae were more abundant among T2D patients, but the associations with Actinobacteria, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Escherichia-Shigella may be due metformin use. PT2D/UT2D values were closer to NG than T2D. No indication was detected that CRP mediated the association of LBP with T2D. Conclusions T2D but not PT2D/UT2D status was associated with lower abundance of SCFA-producing genera and a higher abundance of gram-negative endotoxin-producing bacteria suggesting that the gut microbiome may contribute to chronic systemic inflammation and T2D through bacterial translocation.

scholarly journals Endometrial microbiota is more diverse in people with endometriosis than symptomatic controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn M. Wessels ◽  
Miguel A. Domínguez ◽  
Nicholas A. Leyland ◽  
Sanjay K. Agarwal ◽  
Warren G. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Retrograde Menstruation ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractEndometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent gynecological condition affecting approximately 10% of reproductive age women. The most widely accepted theory of its etiology includes retrograde menstruation. Recent reports suggest the uterus is not sterile. Thus, the refluxed menstrual effluent may carry bacteria, and contribute to inflammation, the establishment and growth of endometriotic lesions. Here, we compared and contrasted uterine bacteria (endometrial microbiota) in people with surgically confirmed presence (N = 12) or absence of endometriosis (N = 9) using next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We obtained an average of > 9000 sequence reads per endometrial biopsy, and found the endometrial microbiota of people with endometriosis was more diverse (greater Shannon Diversity Index and proportion of ‘Other’ taxa) than symptomatic controls (with pelvic pain, surgically confirmed absence of endometriosis; diagnosed with other benign gynecological conditions). The relative abundance of bacterial taxa enriched in the endometrial microbiota of people with endometriosis belonged to the Actinobacteria phylum (Gram-positive), Oxalobacteraceae (Gram-negative) and Streptococcaceae (Gram-positive) families, and Tepidimonas (Gram-negative) genus, while those enriched in the symptomatic controls belonged to the Burkholderiaceae (Gram-negative) family, and Ralstonia (Gram-negative) genus. Taken together, results suggest the endometrial microbiota is perturbed in people with endometriosis.

scholarly journals Rapid Weight Gain and Feeding Practices in the First 6 Months of Life Are Associated with Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome in Toddlerhood (P21-032-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrie Whisner ◽  
Kiley Vander Wyst ◽  
Megan Petrov ◽  
David McCormick ◽  
Michael Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract Objectives Nearly 10% of infants and toddlers carry excess weight for their length. Rapid weight gain (RWG; >+0.67 change in weight-for-age Z-score) and feeding practices from 0–6 months (mo) of life are strong determinants of obesity. Both RWG and feeding practices may influence the gut microbiome (GM), which in turn can affect obesity risk by increasing susceptibility to weight gain during infancy. Our goal was to evaluate differences in GM community structure at 36 months of age in relation to feeding practices and RWG in infancy. Methods Pregnant, obese Latinas (n = 36) recruited from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children program took part in a larger randomized health education trial designed to prevent infant overweight. The intervention was delivered from 0–12 mo and participants were followed until 36 mo of age. At one, 6, and 12 mo, mothers reported infant feeding practices. RWG was categorized as >0.67 positive change in weight-for-age Z-score over the first 6 months of life. Microbial DNA from feces collected at 36 mo were sequenced using primers for the 16S rRNA gene V4 region. GM diversity metrics were examined using Kruskal-Wallis and PERMANOVA comparisons, adjusted for multiple comparisons, via Qiime2. Results Of the cohort, 12 children experienced RWG in the first 6 mo of life. Within-sample species number (richness, Shannon Diversity Index: P = 0.014) and evenness (Pielou's Index: P = 0.019) were significantly lower at 3 years among children experiencing RWG in infancy. Upon comparing GM community structure (beta-diversity), exclusively breastfed infants (N = 9) formed a separate cluster from combination or formula-fed infants driven by phylogenetic diversity and species presence/absence (unweighted UniFrac: P = 0.033; Jaccard: P = 0.014). Children introduced to solid foods before (N = 30) vs. after (N = 6) 6 mo (Bray Curtis: P = 0.056; weighted UniFrac: P = 0.071). Conclusions RWG and feeding practices in the first 6 mo of life appear to shape the GM in ways that last into toddlerhood. Identifying specific microbes may provide insights for intervention to prevent RWG. How shifts in the GM influence risk for childhood and adult obesity remain an area for exploration. Funding Sources R01DK096488 and ASU Obesity Solutions, Virginia G. Piper Foundation.

scholarly journals Parasites and diet as main drivers of the Malagasy gut microbiome richness and function

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislas Mondot ◽  
Philippe Poirier ◽  
Ahmed Abou-Bacar ◽  
Valentin Greigert ◽  
Julie Brunet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
North West ◽  
Main Determinants

AbstractInteractions between the prokaryotic microbiome and eukaryotic parasites in the vertebrate gut may affect overall host health and disease. While intertropical areas exhibit a high rate of parasites carriers, such interactions are understudied in these populations. Our objectives were to (1) describe the gut microbiome of individuals living in Madagascar, (2) identify potential associations between bacterial taxa and parasites colonizing the digestive tract and (3) highlight main determinants of the gut microbiota composition in this developing country. Metadata (socioeconomic, diet, clinical) and fecal samples were collected from 219 volunteers from North-West Madagascar (Mahajanga). Fecal microbiome was assessed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics, and related to dietary habits and parasites carriage. We highlight important Malagasy gut microbiome peculiarities. Out of three detected enterotypes, only one is similar to that observed in Westernized countries (Ruminococcus-driven). Functions associated with the two others (Clostridium sensu stricto-driven and Escherichia/Shigella-driven) are mostly directed toward amino acids biosynthesis and degradation, respectively. Diet and protozoan carriage were the main drivers of microbiota composition. High protozoan carriage was associated with higher diversity, richness and microbial functionalities. The gut microbiome of Malagasy strongly differs from that of Westernized countries. Asymptomatic protozoan carriage and dietary habits are the external factors with the deepest impact on gut microbiome. Further studies are needed to understand whether gut microbial richness constitute a predilection niche for protozoans colonization, due to their gazing features, or whether the parasites themselves induce a higher bacterial richness.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome is affected by inter-sexual and inter-seasonal variation in diet for thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Góngora ◽  
Kyle H. Elliott ◽  
Lyle Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Sulfur Isotopes ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Prey Specialization ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractThe role of the gut microbiome is increasingly being recognized by health scientists and veterinarians, yet its role in wild animals remains understudied. Variations in the gut microbiome could be the result of differential diets among individuals, such as variation between sexes, across seasons, or across reproductive stages. We evaluated the hypothesis that diet alters the avian gut microbiome using stable isotope analysis (SIA) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We present the first description of the thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) fecal microbiome. The murre microbiome was dominated by bacteria from the genus Catellicoccus, ubiquitous in the guts of many seabirds. Microbiome variation was explained by murre diet in terms of proportion of littoral carbon, trophic position, and sulfur isotopes, especially for the classes Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. We also observed differences in the abundance of bacterial genera such as Catellicoccus and Cetobacterium between sexes and reproductive stages. These results are in accordance with behavioural observations of changes in diet between sexes and across the reproductive season. We concluded that the observed variation in the gut microbiome may be caused by individual prey specialization and may also be reinforced by sexual and reproductive stage differences in diet.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variation in Microbial Diversity and Community Structure in a Contaminated Mangrove Wetland

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5850
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Ma ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Chunyu Xu ◽  
Dawen Shen ◽  
Songjun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mangrove Wetland ◽  
Mangrove Soils

Field and laboratory investigations were conducted to characterize bacterial diversity and community structure in a badly contaminated mangrove wetland adjacent to the metropolitan area of a megacity in subtropical China. Next-generation sequencing technique was used for sequencing the V4–V5 region of the 16s rRNA gene on the Illumina system. Collectively, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla identified in the investigated soils. A significant spatial variation in bacterial diversity and community structure was observed for the investigated mangrove soils. Heavy metal pollution played a key role in reducing the bacterial diversity. The spatial variation in soil-borne heavy metals shaped the spatial variation in bacterial diversity and community structure in the study area. Other environmental factors such as total carbon and total nitrogen in the soils that are affected by seasonal change in temperature could also influence the bacterial abundance, diversity and community structure though the temporal variation was relatively weaker, as compared to spatial variation. The bacterial diversity index was lower in the investigated site than in the comparable reference site with less contaminated status. The community structure in mangrove soils at the current study site was, to a remarkable extent, different from those in the tropical mangrove wetlands around the world.

scholarly journals Reclassification of Lactobacillus catenaformis (Eggerth 1935) Moore and Holdeman 1970 and Lactobacillus vitulinus Sharpe et al. 1973 as Eggerthia catenaformis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Kandleria vitulina gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2520-2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Salvetti ◽  
Giovanna E. Felis ◽  
Franco Dellaglio ◽  
Anna Castioni ◽  
Sandra Torriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Groups

The development of molecular tools and in particular the use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing has had a profound effect on the taxonomy of many bacterial groups. Gram-positive organisms that encompass the genera Lactobacillus and Clostridium within the Firmicutes are examples of taxa that have undergone major revisions based on phylogenetic information. A consequence of these reorganizations is that a number of organisms are now recognized as being misclassified. Previous studies have demonstrated that Lactobacillus catenaformis and Lactobacillus vitulinus are phylogenetically unrelated to Lactobacillus sensu stricto, being placed within the Clostridia rRNA cluster XVII. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented, it is proposed that L. catenaformis and L. vitulinus be reclassified in two new genera, named respectively Eggerthia gen. nov., with the type species Eggerthia catenaformis gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain DSM 20559T = ATCC 25536T = CCUG 48174T = CIP 104817T = JCM 1121T) and Kandleria gen. nov., with the type species Kandleria vitulina gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain LMG 18931T = ATCC 27783T = CCUG 32236T = DSM 20405T = JCM 1143T).

scholarly journals Alterations of gut microbiota in gestational diabetes patients during the second trimester of pregnancy in the Shanghai Han population

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Su ◽  
Hong-Kun Wang ◽  
Xu-Pei Gan ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Yan-Nan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Metabolic Hormone

Abstract Background The causes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are still unclear. Recent studies have found that the imbalance of the gut microbiome could lead to disorders of human metabolism and immune system, resulting in GDM. This study aims to reveal the different gut compositions between GDM and normoglycemic pregnant women and find the relationship between gut microbiota and GDM. Methods Fecal microbiota profiles from women with GDM (n = 21) and normoglycemic women (n = 32) were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fasting metabolic hormone concentrations were measured using multiplex ELISA. Results Metabolic hormone levels, microbiome profiles, and inferred functional characteristics differed between women with GDM and healthy women. Additionally, four phyla and seven genera levels have different correlations with plasma glucose and insulin levels. Corynebacteriales (order), Nocardiaceae (family), Desulfovibrionaceae (family), Rhodococcus (genus), and Bacteroidetes (phylum) may be the taxonomic biomarkers of GDM. Microbial gene functions related to amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were found to be enriched in patients with GDM. Conclusion Our study indicated that dysbiosis of the gut microbiome exists in patients with GDM in the second trimester of pregnancy, and gut microbiota might be a potential diagnostic biomarker for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GDM.

scholarly journals Integrative analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome in a rat model with stress induced irritable bowel syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Hu ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Haiyong Ye ◽  
Bin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Irritable Bowel

AbstractStress is one of the major causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is well-known for perturbing the microbiome and exacerbating IBS-associated symptoms. However, changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in response to colorectal distention (CRD), combined with restraint stress (RS) administration, remains unclear. In this study, CRD and RS stress were used to construct an IBS rat model. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota in ileocecal contents. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS assay was used to characterize the metabolome of gut microbiota. As a result, significant gut microbial dysbiosis was observed in stress-induced IBS rats, with the obvious enrichment of three and depletion of 11 bacterial taxa in IBS rats, when compared with those in the control group (q < 0.05). Meanwhile, distinct changes in the fecal metabolic phenotype of stress-induced IBS rats were also found, including five increased and 19 decreased metabolites. Furthermore, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were the main metabolic pathways induced by IBS stress. Moreover, the altered gut microbiota had a strong correlation with the changes in metabolism of stress-induced IBS rats. Prevotella bacteria are correlated with the metabolism of 1-Naphthol and Arg.Thr. In conclusion, the gut microbiome, metabolome and their interaction were altered. This may be critical for the development of stress-induced IBS.

scholarly journals A pilot study of the effect of deployment on the gut microbiome and traveler’s diarrhea susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake W. Stamps ◽  
Wanda J. Lyon ◽  
Adam P. Irvin ◽  
Nancy Kelley-Loughnane ◽  
Michael S. Goodson
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Traveler’S Diarrhea ◽  
Traveler's Diarrhea

AbstractTraveler’s diarrhea (TD) is a recurrent and significant issue for many travelers including the military. While many known enteric pathogens exist that are causative agents of diarrhea, our gut microbiome may also play a role in travelers’ diarrhea susceptibility. To this end we conducted a pilot study of the microbiome of warfighters prior to- and after deployment overseas to identify marker taxa relevant to traveler’s diarrhea. This initial study utilized full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to provide additional taxonomic resolution towards identifying predictive taxa.16S rRNA analyses of pre- and post-deployment fecal samples identified multiple marker taxa as significantly differentially abundant in subjects that reported diarrhea, including Weissella, Butyrivibrio, Corynebacterium, uncultivated Erysipelotrichaceae, Jeotgallibaca, unclassified Ktedonobacteriaceae, Leptolinea, and uncultivated Ruminiococcaceae. The ability to identify TD risk prior to travel will inform prevention and mitigation strategies to influence diarrhea susceptibility while traveling.

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