scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Erythropoietic Effects of a Moderate Protein Ketogenic Food in Dogs With Chronic Gastroenteritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 504-504
Author(s):  
Matthew Jackson ◽  
Selena Tavener ◽  
Kiran Panickar
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Clinical Measures

Abstract Objectives Ketogenic foods are anti-inflammatory in part via the NLRP3 inflammasome. Companion dogs, susceptible to chronic gastroenteritis (CGE), manifest infiltration of leukocytes (WBC) into bowel tissues. We evaluated circulating WBC in dogs eating a ketogenic food in two studies: 1) healthy dogs; 2) a chronic gastroenteritis (CGE) case/control cohort. Hypotheses- Ketogenic food will reduce WBC and this benefit will extend to dogs with CGE. Methods Dogs housed in pairs, with daily group exercise in outdoor grassy runs. CGE dogs diagnosed by histopathology; criteria included WBC infiltration into intestinal tissue. Healthy controls matched by age, gender, weight and breed. Blood collections after fasting 16 hours. Macronutrients (P/F/C; % energy): Study #1 (St1, healthy) CON1 (21/32/48); KETO1 (26/68/5); Study #2 (St2, chronic colitis & healthy) CON2 (24/19/57); KETO2 (28/68/4). KETO2 differed from KETO1 by protein ingredient replacement. St1: dogs ate CON1 and then consumed KETO1 (each for 5 weeks). St2 a randomized crossover trial (5 weeks feeding each food). Food analyticals measured by AOAC methods. Clinical measures, pancreatic lipase (cPL) by enzyme assay. Statistical testing by dependent t-test. Significance at α = 0.05. Results Ketogenic ratios of foods: CON1 (0.46), KETO1 (1.63), CON2 (0.33), KETO2 (1.69). Relative to CON foods, KETO foods decreased circulating monocytes, neutrophils and total WBC; KETO1 also reduced lymphocytes. KETO foods decreased serum globulin, increased albumin and total protein was unchanged. KETO foods decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP). KETO foods increased red blood cells, platelets and blood hemoglobin concentration; KETO2 also increased hematocrit and decreased immature reticulocytes. In St2, cPL was not different in healthy or CGE dogs on KETO2 vs CON2 foods. The CGE dog responded in the same manner to the KETO foods as did healthy dogs. Conclusions Ketogenic foods altered circulating inflammatory cell status in healthy dogs and those with enteritis in a manner consistent with reduced inflammatory potential. KETO foods were broadly supportive of health in CGE dogs; the KETO foods increased markers of erythropoiesis and did not increase pancreatic lipase levels. Ketogenic foods may benefit companion animals with inflammatory conditions. Funding Sources Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc; Topeka, KS 66617, USA

scholarly journals The role of macrophage polarization and associated mechanisms in regulating the anti-inflammatory action of acupuncture: a literature review and perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Shanshan Lu ◽  
Fuming Yang ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Zelin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Tissue Microenvironment ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Action

AbstractAcupuncture is used in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions and diseases. However, the mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory action are complex and have not been systematically investigated. Macrophages are key components of the innate immune system, thus, balancing the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and modulating cytokine levels in the inflammatory environment may be desirable therapeutic goals. Evidence has shown that acupuncture has anti-inflammatory actions that affect multiple body systems, including the immune, locomotory, endocrine, nervous, digestive, and respiratory systems, by downregulating pro-inflammatory M1 and upregulating anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, as well as by modulating associated cytokine secretion. Macrophage polarization is controlled by the interlocking pathways of extrinsic factors, the local tissue microenvironment, and the neural-endocrine-immune systems. It has been suggested that polarization of T lymphocytes and cytokine secretions resulting in modulation of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, may be upstream mechanisms of acupuncture-induced macrophage polarization. We further propose that macrophage polarization could be the principal pathway involved in acupuncture immune regulation and provide the scientific basis for the clinical application of acupuncture in inflammatory conditions.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Grifola frondosa Natural Compound o-Orsellinaldehyde on LPS-Challenged Murine Primary Glial Cells. Roles of NF-κβ and MAPK

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Sarah Tomas-Hernandez ◽  
Jordi Blanco ◽  
Santiago Garcia-Vallvé ◽  
Gerard Pujadas ◽  
María José Ojeda-Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Compound ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Grifola Frondosa ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In response to foreign or endogenous stimuli, both microglia and astrocytes adopt an activated phenotype that promotes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. This inflammatory mechanism, known as neuroinflammation, is essential in the defense against foreign invasion and in normal tissue repair; nevertheless, when constantly activated, this process can become detrimental through the release of neurotoxic factors that amplify underlying disease. In consequence, this study presents the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of o-orsellinaldehyde, a natural compound found by an in silico approach in the Grifola frondosa mushroom, in astrocytes and microglia cells. For this purpose, primary microglia and astrocytes were isolated from mice brain and cultured in vitro. Subsequently, cells were exposed to LPS in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of this natural compound. Specifically, the results shown that o-orsellinaldehyde strongly inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory response in astrocytes and microglia by decreasing nitrite formation and downregulating iNOS and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, in microglia cells o-orsellinaldehyde inhibits NF-κB activation; and potently counteracts LPS-mediated p38 kinase and JNK phosphorylation (MAPK). In this regard, o-orsellinaldehyde treatment also induces a significant cell immunomodulation by repolarizing microglia toward the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Altogether, these results could partially explain the reported beneficial effects of G. frondosa extracts on inflammatory conditions.

Therapeutic Properties of PDMS Nanoparticles: A Promising New Drug Delivery Vehicle Against Inflammatory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiswarya Anilkumar Ajitha ◽  
Sri SivaKumar ◽  
Gayathri Viswanathan ◽  
Sabulal Baby ◽  
Prabath Gopalakrishnan Biju
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Over the last few decades, there has been a stupendous change in the area of drug delivery using particulate delivery systems, with increasing focus on nanoparticles in recent times. Nanoparticles helps to improve and alter the pharmacodynamic properties and pharmacokinetics of various types of drug molecules. These features help to protect the drug entity in the systemic circulation, access of the drug to the chosen sites, and to deliver the drug in a controlled and sustained rate at the site of action. Objective: Nanoparticle based targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs/signal modulatory agents to the cytoplasm or nuclei of the targeted cell can significantly enhance the precision and efficacy of intended therapeutic activity. To this end, we report ligand free, enhanced intra-nuclear delivery model of anti-inflammatory therapeutics via PDMS nanoparticles. Method: PDMS nanoparticles were prepared by sacrificial silica template-based approach and details of their characterization for suitability as a nanoparticle-based delivery material is detailed herein. Results: Biological evaluation for compatibility was carried out and the results showed that the PDMS nanoparticle has no toxicity on RAW 264.7 cells in the concentration range of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 μg/mL in culture. Biocompatibility and absence of toxicity was determined by morphological examination and cell viability assays. Drug loading and release kinetics were carried out with the anti-inflammatory drug Diclofenac. Conclusion: In this paper we clearly demonstrate the various aspects of nanoparticle articulation, characterization, effect of their characteristics and their applications as a non-toxic drug delivery molecule for its potential applications in therapeutic delivery of drugs for sustained release.

scholarly journals Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy: changes on renal function of healthy dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 842-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Borges ◽  
Rivaldo Marini Filho ◽  
Cecília Braga Laposy ◽  
Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães-Okamoto ◽  
Marina Platzeck Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals 355 The Gut Microbiome and its Influence on Cognition and Mental Health: from Zebrafish to Horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Aaron Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts

Abstract The microbial communities colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrate hosts exist in symbiosis with their host, providing a wide array of functions that confer benefit to the collective superorganism. Intuitively, disruptions in microbial community structure can lead to deleterious host effects, and multiple associations have been made between gut inflammatory conditions and dysbiosis. Considering the myriad mechanisms of bi-directional communication between the gut microbiota and host autonomic nervous system, it is not surprising that the gut microbiota is now implicated as a factor in several behavioral, cognitive, and neuro-psychological conditions affecting people. While gut microbiomes have co-evolved with (and are very specific for) their cognate hosts, the functions provided by the communities are highly conserved, suggesting that the same microbiome-induced effects observed in people may also affect companion animals like horses. This presentation will show data generated in a range of host species including zebrafish, rodents, and horses, demonstrating the influence of the gut-brain axis on behavior, and physical and mental health. The objective is to provide listeners a new appreciation for the physiological, and perhaps clinical, influence of the gut microbiota, and implications for clinical practices such as antibiotic usage and feeding changes.

scholarly journals Selected Uterine Immune Events Associated With the Establishment of Pregnancy in the Dog

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Tavares Pereira ◽  
Renata Nowaczyk ◽  
Rita Payan-Carreira ◽  
Sonia Miranda ◽  
Selim Aslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Tnf Receptors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Signals ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Uterine Glands ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Implantation Period

In the dog, implantation takes place at approximately 17 days of embryonal life and, while exposed to relatively high circulating progesterone concentrations, embryos presence is required for the formation of decidua. Furthermore, a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in conceptus-maternal communication is crucial for the onset of pregnancy. Strikingly, the understanding of such immune mechanisms in canine reproduction is still elusive. Here, canine uterine samples from pre-implantation (day 10–12, E+) and corresponding non-pregnant controls (E–), implantation (day 17, Imp) and post-implantation (day 18–25, Post-Imp) stages of pregnancy were used to investigate the expression and localization of several immune-related factors. The most important findings indicate increased availability of CD4, MHCII, NCR1, IDO1, AIF1, CD25, CCR7, and IL6 in response to embryo presence (E+), while FoxP3 and CCL3 were more abundant in E– samples. Implantation was characterized by upregulated levels of FoxP3, IL12a, ENG, and CDH1, whereas CD4, CCR7, IL8, and -10 were less represented. Following implantation, decreased transcript levels of TNFR1, MHCII, NCR1, TLR4, CD206, FoxP3, and IL12a were observed concomitantly with the highest expression of IL6 and IL1β. MHCII, CD86, CD206, CD163, TNFα, IDO1, and AIF1 were immunolocalized in macrophages, CD4 and Nkp46 in lymphocytes, and some signals of IDO1, AIF1, and TNF-receptors could also be identified in endothelial cells and/or uterine glands. Cumulatively, new insights regarding uterine immunity in the peri-implantation period are provided, with apparent moderated pro-inflammatory signals prevailing during pre-implantation, while implantation and early trophoblast invasion appear to be associated with immunomodulatory and rather anti-inflammatory conditions.

Oxidative damage of canine erythrocytes after treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (06) ◽  
pp. 407-413
Author(s):  
Julia Lieser ◽  
Claudia Schwedes ◽  
Maria Walter ◽  
Judith Langenstein ◽  
Andreas Moritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Heinz Bodies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gluthathione Peroxidase ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Objective To investigate oxidative erythrocyte damage in dogs treated with different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Material and methods Case-controlled prospective observational study using blood obtained from dogs presenting for lameness examinations or standard surgical procedures to a private referral clinic. Sampling was performed from April 2018 to July 2019. Groups comprised dogs receiving either metamizole (dipyrone) (22 dogs), carprofen (20 dogs) or meloxicam (20 dogs) for a minimum of 10 days. Dogs with gastrointestinal hemorrhage were excluded from the study. A complete hematological, as well as a basic biochemical profile were performed in every dog. Pappenheim stained blood smears were evaluated for eccentrocytes and brilliant cresyl blue stained smears for Heinz bodies. EDTA blood was frozen at –80°C immediately after sampling for measurement of superoxide dismutase and gluthathione peroxidase activity at an external laboratory. Hemoglobin concentration, superoxide dismutase and gluthathione peroxidase activities, reticulocyte count, eccentrocyte and Heinz body numbers were determined prospectively as key parameters for further statistical assessment with Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. Results Dogs receiving metamizole showed a significant increase in eccentrocyte (median 14.5/500 cells vs. 0/500 cells in the other groups, p < 0.0001) and reticulocyte number (median 191.4 × 109/l vs. 31.6–37.9 × 109/l, p < 0.0001) and a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration (median 8.4 mmol/l vs. 10.1–10.5 mmol/l, p < 0.0003). No significant difference in superoxide dismutase and gluthathione peroxidase activities was observed between dogs receiving metamizole and the other groups. Heinz bodies were not found in any of the dogs. Conclusion Treatment with metamizole for 10 or more days resulted in decreased hemoglobin concentration, eccentrocytosis and reticulocytosis in dogs in this study. This might be a sign of increased oxidative damage caused by this drug. Clinical significance Prolonged metamizole therapy should be evaluated critically in patients already affected by severe illness or underlying anaemia.

Review of characteristics and analytical methods for determination of indomethacin

2022 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-62
Author(s):  
Andrea Dandić ◽  
Katarina Rajkovača ◽  
Marija Jozanović ◽  
Iva Pukleš ◽  
Aleksandar Széchenyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Multicomponent System ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the first choice of treatment for rheumatic disorders and other degenerative inflammatory diseases. One of them, indomethacin (INDO), is highlighted in this study. With its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties, it is one of the most powerful drugs used in various clinical trials and therapies related to the mechanism of blocking prostaglandin synthesis, thus reducing and eliminating many inflammatory conditions in patients. To ensure the efficacy and safety of this drug in pharmaceutical and clinical use, precise product quality control is required. Such control is performed with routine pharmaceutical analysis using various chemical methods by which INDO is identified as a separate active ingredient in the multicomponent system of a complete pharmaceutical form. In addition, the determination of INDO is important in clinical practice, where its concentration is determined in different biological samples, ensuring better monitoring of a particular therapy. The most commonly used methods for the determination of INDO are high-performance liquid chromatography (37% of developed methods), voltammetry (16% of developed methods), and UV spectroscopy (11% of developed methods). However, each of these methods must provide precise validation parameters. A combination of analytical methods can lead to more precise results and safer application in practice.

Abstract 100: Lower Probability of Aortic Aneurysm Diagnosis Among Patients With Chronic Cannabis Exposure, An Analysis of the 2012-2014 National Inpatient Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka C Adejumo ◽  
Samson Alliu ◽  
Oluwole M Adegbala ◽  
Nnaemeka E Onyeakusi ◽  
Tokunbo O Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Vascular Walls ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Cannabis is a commonly utilized recreational substance which contains numerous bioactive agents. As more states legalize the use of marijuana, it’s effect on various disease conditions is expected to become more pronounced. Cannabis’ anti-inflammatory effects could suppress pro-inflammatory conditions. For example, chronic inflammation with extracellular matrix degradation resulting in weakness and abnormal dilatation of the aortic wall is a hallmark of Aortic Aneurysm. We, therefore, hypothesized that cannabis users would have less prevalence of aortic aneurysms. Objective: To identify the relationship between chronic cannabis use (CU) and diagnosis of aortic aneurysms (AA) among hospitalized patients. Methods: After selecting patients who were 55 years and above from 2012 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample database, we identified those who had a diagnosis of Aortic Aneurysm and those who utilize Cannabis. We then stratified the CU into two groups: nondependent (NDU) and dependent users (DU). Using logistic regression, we estimated the Odds Ratio (AOR) after controlling for numerous factors. Results: In our total 10,461,694 sample, 99.6% (10,419,972) are non-users, 0.37% (38,514) are nondependent users and 0.03% (3,208) are dependent users. About 3.21% (336,202) of the patients had a diagnosis of AA versus 96.79% (10,125,492) without a diagnosis of AA. Compared to non-users of cannabis, the odds of AA is about 35% less among CU (AOR 0.66[0.62-0.71]), 40% less among DU (aOR 0.58[0.44-0.76]), and 33% less among NDU (AOR 0.67[0.62-0.72]). The odds of AA was lower in females (AOR 0.61[0.60-0.610]), but higher in many conditions such as: among >=65 years (AOR 1.16[1.15-1.17]), tobacco users (AOR 1.18[1.17-1.19]), predisposing hereditary conditions (AOR 5.31[4.60-6.13]), and atherosclerosis (AOR 3.04[3.00-3.08]). Conclusions: Our result shows that Cannabis use is associated with less occurrence of AA. Cannabidiol, an anti-inflammatory alkaloid in Cannabis could potentially suppress the release of proteolytic inflammatory mediators which might be responsible for the gradual weakening of the vascular walls. We recommend more basic research to evaluate this effect of Cannabidiol.

scholarly journals Inflammation in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Cardiometabolic Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Y Donath ◽  
Daniel T Meier ◽  
Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated complications is now well established. Therapeutic interventions counteracting metabolic inflammation improve insulin secretion and action and glucose control and may prevent long-term complications. Thus, a number of anti-inflammatory drugs approved for the treatment of other inflammatory conditions are evaluated in patients with metabolic syndrome. Most advanced are clinical studies with IL-1 antagonists showing improved β-cell function and glycemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and heart failure. However, alternative anti-inflammatory treatments, alone or in combinations, may turn out to be more effective, depending on genetic predispositions, duration, and manifestation of the disease. Thus, there is a great need for comprehensive and well-designed clinical studies to implement anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome and its associated conditions.

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