scholarly journals Exchangeable Zinc Pool (EZP) Size in Bangladeshi Toddlers at Risk of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) Is Not Influenced by Inflammation (OR07-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland Miller ◽  
Julie Long ◽  
Prasenjit Mondal ◽  
Jamie Westcott ◽  
M Munirul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
Zn Status

Abstract Objectives The effect of infection and inflammation on EZP size, a putative biomarker of Zn status, is unknown. We sought to evaluate the relationship of EZP to systemic inflammation in a group of toddlers with high risk of Zn deficiency and EED. Methods Subjects were 112 children from an urban slum area in Dhaka, Bangladesh, aged 18–24 months, at risk of EED and who participated in stable isotope studies of Zn homeostasis while on habitual diets. All children underwent screening for EED, using L: M ratio, and multiple markers of systemic and intestinal inflammation were obtained. EZP size was measured from intravenously administered stable isotope of Zn, with urine collections obtained over 4 days, starting 3 days after isotope administration. The size of EZP was calculated by dividing the mass (mg) of intravenous isotope dose (67 Zn or 68 Zn) by the enrichment value at the y intercept of the linear regression: EZP (mg) = IV dose/y-intercept. The intercept is estimated from linear regression of a semi-log plot of urine enrichment data. Multiple regression analysis was applied to examine relationships among child size, serum Zn, markers of systemic and intestinal inflammation and EZP. EZP was also compared to previously published evaluation of EZP from multiple studies (Miller LV, J Nutr, 2016). Results Mean (± SD) age of subjects was 19 ± 2 months; mean weight 9.1 ± 1.0 kg; mean dietary Zn was 2.7 mg/d. Mean EZP was 3.7 ± 0.5 mg/kg, compared to an expected value of 4.1 mg/kg based on the previous published analysis of all child data; all data points were within the 90% prediction interval from those data (Figure). Compared to existing child data, these children weighed less and had smaller EZP. EZP/kg was directly associated with serum Zn concentration, and inversely associated with hemoglobin and dietary Zn (best model R2 = 0.24). The analyses indicated no evidence of an association of EZP/kg with any biomarkers of inflammation. Conclusions The apparent absence of an effect of inflammation on EZP size may provide some advantage over serum Zn. The inverse relationship with dietary Zn suggests redistribution of Zn pools in chronic marginal Zn status. Evaluation of utility of EZP as a biomarker of Zn status will require measurement during controlled interventions. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Zinc status of northern Tasmanian adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Beckett ◽  
Madeleine J. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Zinc Nutrition ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Low Serum ◽  
Consultative Group

AbstractInformation regarding Zn status in the Australian population is very limited. Mild deficiencies in Zn have been associated with CVD, impaired immune function and poor healing. A cross-sectional study of 497 northern Tasmanian adults (24–82 years of age) was conducted to assess Zn status. Dietary intakes were assessed by FFQ and serum concentrations of Zn were evaluated using International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group methodology. Mean Zn intakes were 12·6 (sd4·4) mg/d for men and 10·9 (sd3·6) mg/d for women. It was found that 52 % of men but only 9 % of women consumed less than the Australia/New Zealand estimated average requirement for Zn. Mean serum Zn was 13·0 (sd2·4) µmol/l in men and 13·0 (sd2·5) µmol/l in women. Overall, 15 % of men and 7 % of women had low serum Zn levels. Furthermore, low serum Zn was observed in 18 % of men 50 years or older and 30 % of men 70 years or older. The present results suggest that mild Zn deficiency may be prevalent in older Tasmanian adults, particularly men; and due to the importance of Zn in many areas of health, this could be of public health concern.

scholarly journals Risk of malnutrition and zinc deficiency in community-living elderly men and women: the Tromsø Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1907-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Magnus Kvamme ◽  
Ole Grønli ◽  
Bjarne K Jacobsen ◽  
Jon Florholmen
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Zn Status

AbstractObjectiveElderly people may be at particular risk of Zn deficiency due to an increased prevalence of malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Zn status in community-living elderly people at risk of malnutrition.DesignCross-sectional population-based survey. Individuals at risk of malnutrition were identified by the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. Zn status was assessed by measuring serum Zn. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between the risk of malnutrition and Zn deficiency.SettingMunicipality of Tromsø, Norway.SubjectsRandom sample of 743 men and 778 women aged 65–87 years.ResultsZn deficiency was found in 10·1 % of the participants, including 13·1 % of the men and 7·3 % of the women. Among the men and women at risk of malnutrition, 31·0 % and 12·7 %, respectively, had Zn deficiency. In a model adjusted for age, gender, serum albumin and smoking status, Zn deficiency was positively associated with the risk of malnutrition (OR=2·2; 95 % CI 1·3, 3·6).ConclusionsOverall, Zn deficiency was found in one out of ten community-living elderly people and was associated with the risk of malnutrition. Our results encourage the assessment of Zn status in elderly people at risk of malnutrition, with a special emphasis on elderly men.

scholarly journals Poor zinc status is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance in Spanish children

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Ortega ◽  
E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
A. Aparicio ◽  
A. I. Jiménez ◽  
A. M. López-Sobaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Zn Status

Zn plays a key role in the synthesis and action of insulin. The aim of the present work was to determine whether a poorer Zn status was associated with insulin resistance in a group of 357 Spanish schoolchildren. Zn intake was determined by using a 3 d food record (i.e. Sunday to Tuesday). The body weight, height and waist and hip circumferences of all subjects were recorded and fasting plasma glucose, insulin and Zn concentrations were determined. Insulin resistance was determined using the homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) marker. Children (11·5 %) with Zn deficiency (serum Zn concentration < 10·7 μmol/l) had higher HOMA values than those with a more satisfactory Zn status (1·73 (sd0·93)) compared with 1·38 (sd0·90;P < 0·05). An inverse correlation was found between the HOMA value and the serum Zn concentration (r− 0·149,P < 0·05). The risk of having a greater insulin resistance value (HOMA greater than the 75th percentile) increased with age (OR 1·438; 95 % CI 1·021, 2·027) and BMI (OR 1·448; 95 % CI 1·294, 1·619) and decreased as Zn serum levels increased (OR 0·908; 95 % CI 0·835, 0·987;P < 0·001). Moreover, an inverse relationship was observed between HOMA values and Zn dietary density (r− 0·122), and the Zn intakes of male children with a HOMA value of >3·16 made a significantly smaller contribution to the coverage of those recommended (59·7 (sd14·7) %) than observed in children with lower HOMA values (73·6 (sd18·2) %;P < 0·05). Taking into account that Zn intake was below than that recommended in 89·4 % of the children, it would appear that increasing the intake of Zn could improve the health and nutritional status of these children, and thus contribute to diminish problems of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Zinc deficiency is highly prevalent and spatially dependent over short distances in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamu Belay ◽  
Dawd Gashu ◽  
Edward J. M. Joy ◽  
R. Murray Lark ◽  
Christopher Chagumaira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Zn Status

AbstractZinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for human health. In Ethiopia, a high prevalence of Zn deficiency has been reported. To explore demographic variation and spatial dependencies in the Zn status of the Ethiopian population, we analyzed archived serum samples (n = 3373) from the 2015 Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS), a cross-sectional survey of young children, school-age children, women of reproductive age (WRA) and men conducted in all 9 regions and two city administration of Ethiopia. Serum Zn concentrations, measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS), were compared to thresholds based on age, sex, fasting status, and time of blood collection, after adjusting for inflammation status. Median serum Zn concentration of the population was 57.5 μg dL−1. Overall, it is estimated that 72% of the population was Zn deficient, with high prevalence in all demographic groups. Spatial statistical analysis showed that there was spatial dependence in Zn status of WRA at distances of up to 45 km. Zinc deficiency is spatially dependent over short distances. Although WRA in most areas are likely to be Zn deficient, prevalence of deficiency varies at regional scale and between rural and urban inhabitants, suggesting there is scope to explore drivers of this variation, prioritize nutritional interventions, and to design more representative surveillance programs.

scholarly journals Zinc Deficiency, Plasma Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in Hemodialysis Patients: Is Supplementation Necessary?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Takic ◽  
Milica Zekovic ◽  
Brankica Terzic ◽  
Aleksandar Stojsavljevic ◽  
Mirjana Mijuskovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Zn Status

Background: Desaturation and elongation are critical processes in endogenous metabolic fatty acid pathways. Zinc (Zn) is a cofactor for desaturases and elongases enzymes. There is limited evidence regarding the relationships between biomarkers of Zn status, nutritional intake, plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile and clinical outcomes among patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).Objective: To examine the relationships between dietary and serum levels of Zn and Cu/Zn ratio and to explore associations of these micronutrients with PUFA profile and estimated desaturase and elongase enzyme activities in serum phospholipids among HD patients.Methods: This study included 40 adult patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Repeated 24-h recalls were applied for dietary intake assessment. Serum concentration of Zn and Cu were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and fatty acid composition by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase and elongase activities were calculated from product-precursor fatty acid ratios.Results: Inadequate dietary Zn intake was found in 55% of HD patients. They all had serum Zn concentration below the reference value of 60 μg/dL (mean 38.8 ± 7.72 μg/dL). Adequate zinc intake was accompanied with significantly higher intake of energy, total fats, SFA, MUFA and proteins. There was no correlation between Zn serum status and Zn intake estimates. Serum Cu/Zn ratio was high, (2.76 ± 0.68), directly and significantly associated with HD period, CRP, BMI, VFA, and inversely with Kt/V, albumin, iron, and iPTH. The n-6/n-3 ratio in plasma phospholipids was elevated (12.25 ± 3.45) and patients with inadequate Zn intake had lower n-3 PUFA intake and status compared to those with adequate intake. Serum Zn concentrations were inversely correlated with linoleic/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ratio (LA/DGLA) (p = 0.037), related to D6-desaturase activity (p = 0.033) and directly with DGLA relative abundances (p = 0.024). Cu status was inversely associated with EPA level (p = 0.03) and estimates of elongase activity (p = 0.001). Furthermore, positive relationship was found between the Cu/Zn ratio and determined elongase value (p = 0.01).Conclusion: Findings of this study underpin the high prevalence of Zn deficiency and inadequate n-3 PUFA intake and status among subjects undergoing HD. The results obtained indicate that the assessment of Zn status should be a standard parameter of nutritional status screening in HD patients while emphasizing the importance of Cu/Zn determination. Although further research is warranted, Zn and-n-3 PUFA supplementation in HD patients might be beneficial for the prevention and attenuation of adverse health outcomes

scholarly journals Study of the association between serum zinc concentration in pregnant women and preterm birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Sheida Shabanian ◽  
Abolfazl Khoshdel ◽  
Majid Dezfuli ◽  
Fatemeh Famouri
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
The Mean

Background and aims: Preterm birth can cause high morbidity and mortality in women. Previous evidence has confirmed the association between zinc (Zn) deficiency in x women and some pregnancy complications. This study investigated the association between serum Zn concentration in pregnant women and preterm birth. Methods: This case-control study focused on evaluating 76 pregnant women with preterm birth (case group) and 62 pregnant women with term birth (control group) and was conducted in the obstetrics ward of Hajar hospital, Shahrekord, Iran in 2014. The Zn level was measured by spectrophotometry and data were analyzed by SPSS, version 15. Results: The prevalence of Zn deficiency was 95.6%. The mean of serum Zn concentration was 39.62±11.83 and 59.81±8.8 in the preterm and term delivery groups, respectively (P<0.001). Similarly, the mean of serum Zn concentrations was 43.06±15.6 and 50.46±13.8 in women with and without the rupture of pregnancy membranes, respectively (P=0.01). Based on the findings, the serum Zn concentration was not significantly associated with parity (P=0.634). Conclusion: Although a decrease in the serum Zn concentration could lead to premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy and preterm birth, it could not be considered as the main factor for preterm birth. In addition, Zn deficiency was highly prevalent in pregnant women. Therefore, nutritional interventions should be performed to prevent complications due to the deficiency of micronutrients such as Zn so that to increase health maintenance in mothers and children.

Postprandial zinc stable isotope response in human blood serum

Metallomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1380-1388
Author(s):  
Kaj Sullivan ◽  
Rebekah E. T. Moore ◽  
Mark Rehkämper ◽  
Daniel Layton-Matthews ◽  
Matthew I. Leybourne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Human Blood Serum ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Serum Zn

The post-meal redistribution of serum Zn to aid with nutrient metabolism is a non-fractionating process.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte metallothionein mRNA responds to marginal zinc intake in human volunteers

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian K. Allan ◽  
Gabrielle M. Hawksworth ◽  
Leslie R. Woodhouse ◽  
Barbara Sutherland ◽  
Janet C. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Actin Mrna ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Diagnostic Indicator

Marginal Zn deficiency is thought to be prevalent in both developed and developing countries. However, the extent of Zn deficiency is not known, due to the lack of a reliable diagnostic indicator. Blood plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of metallothionein (MT) reflect Zn status, but measurement of MT is dependent on the availability of sensitive immunoassays. Our aim was to show whether measurement of T lymphocyte MT-2A mRNA, using a competitive reverse transcriptase (RT)–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, could indicate Zn status in human subjects in a residential Zn-depletion study. In the study, the Zn intake of seven volunteers was maintained at 13·7 mg/d for 5 weeks (baseline) followed by 4·6 mg/d for 10 weeks (marginal intake) and then 13·7 mg/d (repletion) for 5 weeks. The quantitative assay was developed using standard techniques and concentrations of MT-2A mRNA were normalized by reference to β-actin mRNA which was also measured by competitive RT–PCR assay. An alternative method of measuring the PCR product using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection was also evaluated. There was considerable inter-individual variation in MT-2A mRNA concentration and the mean level at the end of the baseline period was 10·3 (SE 3·7) fg MT-2A mRNA/pg β-actin mRNA, which then decreased by 64 % during the low Zn intake period. After repletion, MT-2A mRNA returned to baseline concentrations. In contrast, plasma Zn was unchanged by marginal Zn intake or repletion. The effect of low Zn in all individuals was consistent. We conclude that this assay is a sensitive method of evaluating marginal changes in dietary Zn intake.

scholarly journals The role of ZIP proteins in zinc assimilation and distribution in plants: current challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Daniel Lira-Morales ◽  
Nancy Varela-Bojórquez ◽  
Magaly Berenice Montoya-Rojo ◽  
J. Adriana Sañudo-Barajas
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Zip Family ◽  
Zn Homeostasis ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance

Soils with mineral deficiencies lead to nutritional imbalance in crops worldwide. Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient that is fundamental for plant growth and development, being essential for the proper functioning of a range of enzymes and transcription factors. Zn transporters tightly regulate Zn homeostasis. Plants contain a large number of Zn-responsive genes that are specifically expressed under Zn deficiency to ensure the coordination of assimilatory pathways and meet the physiological requirements. This review brings together a range of studies that have been undertaken to investigate the effects of Zn status on the regulatory mechanisms involved in plant mineral nutrition. The ZIP (ZRT, IRT-like Protein) family is especially implicated in Zn transport and in the maintenance of cellular Zn homeostasis. Regulation of expression in relation to plant tissue, mineral concentration, and species has been determined for several ZIP family members. In the omic era, genomic and proteomic approaches have facilitated a rapid increase in our understanding of the roles of ZIP family members and their regulation, though significant knowledge gaps remain. A comprehensive understanding of ZIP proteins could lead to many potential molecular applications to improve crop management and food quality.  

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