scholarly journals Contribution of Carbohydrates and Polyphenols to Dried Plum's Prebiotic Activity (P20-029-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall Anderson ◽  
Bryant Keirns ◽  
Babajide Ojo ◽  
Karley Washburn ◽  
Jennifer Graef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Β Diversity

Abstract Objectives In addition to bone protective effects, dried plums (DP) also prevent weight gain in animal models of ovarian hormone deficiency. The aim of this project was to investigate the contribution of the polyphenol (PP) and carbohydrate (CHO) components of DP on weight gain and body composition, as well as their effects on the gut environment. Methods Two studies were performed using 8-wk-old C57BL/6 female mice that were sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (Ovx), and allowed to lose bone prior to treatment for 5 or 10 wks. In Study 1, Sham and Ovx mice were assigned to control (AIN-93 M), control diet with added DP (25% w/w) or a crude PP extract (CPE; equivalent PP to DP). In Study 2, Ovx mice were randomized to diets with the CPE fractions, PP or CHO, in a 2x2 factorial design. At the end of each study, bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were assessed. Cecal bacterial taxa and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were characterized at 5 and 10 wks, respectively. Non-microbiome data were analyzed using 1-way or 2-way ANOVA (SAS, Version 9.4). Results In Study 1, Ovx increased (P < 0.01) weight gain, %fat and abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT), and DP and CPE mitigated (P < 0.05) this response at 5 and 10 wks. Likewise, DP and CPE reversed the Ovx-induced decrease in BMD at both time points. DP and CPE enriched the SCFA-producing family, Lachnospiraceae, as well as Coriobacteriaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae, which are associated with weight regulation. Cecal acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids were increased by DP and CPE compared to Ovx-control, but the response was greater with DP. In Study 2, CHO with or without PP, reduced Ovx-induced weight gain (P < 0.01), %fat (P < 0.001), WAT (P < 0.01) and reversed the loss of BMD at both time points. Compared to CPE, Verrucomicrobiaceae was more abundant with the PP group, but there was no change in β diversity with the CHO group. All of the assessed SCFA were increased with CHO, regardless of PP content, while n-butyric acid and the two isomers of valeric acid were independently enhanced by PP. Among the assessed outcomes, there were no additive effects of CHO and PP. Conclusions Although their prebiotic effects differ, both the CHO and PP components contribute to DP's effects on weight gain and body composition. Funding Sources OCAST; California Dried Plum Board.

scholarly journals Insight into Bone Protective Mechanisms of Dried Plum Using an Ovariectomized Rat Model (OR18-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Arjmandi ◽  
Neda Akhavan ◽  
Joseph Munoz ◽  
Kelli George ◽  
Elizabeth Foley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Bone Histomorphometry ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Ovarian Hormone ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives Osteoporosis may result in fracture with dire consequences. For instance, 40% of people with their second hip fracture die within two years. Aside from pharmaceutical interventions, that are not free of side effects, identifying edible and safe foods to prevent bone loss is of importance. We and others have shown that dried plum (DP) prevents loss of bone both in ovariectomized (Ovx) rat models as well as postmenopausal women. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the bone protective mechanism of action of DP, a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, in preventing bone loss using a rat model of ovarian hormone deficiency. Methods Forty-eight 90-day old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham-operated (Sham), Ovx, Ovx + 5% DP (low-dose, LD), and Ovx + 25% DP (high-dose, HD). Treatments started immediately after surgery and continued for 45 days. Animals were either fed a semi-purified diet, or a similar diet in which 5% or 25% of the diet (w/w) consisted of DP. All diets were made isocaloric and isonitrogenous containing 0.4% calcium and 0.3% phosphorus. Food intake, bone mineral density, bone mineral content, body/organ weight, blood biomarkers of bone metabolism, and static bone histomorphometry were assessed. Results The right femoral and the 4th lumbar vertebrae density were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the Ovx control rats compared to Sham. The loss of density in both bones were completely prevented by HD-DP (P < 0.05). The HD-DP increased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) significantly (P < 0.05) from 110 ± 4 ηmol/L to 135 ± 4 ηmol/L. In terms of bone histomorphometry, % bone area was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased as a result of Ovx and HD-DP nearly prevented this decrease (P > 0.05). Although the endosteal perimeter (mm2) was not statistically different from other groups, the endosteal perimeter of the HD-DP group was 13.6% lower than that of the Ovx group. Conclusions The bone protective effects of DP may, in part, be explained by an increase in IGF-1, which is strongly correlated with bone formation, and a decrease in the endosteal perimeter, which is increased in ovarian hormone deficiency and postmenopausal women. Future studies should examine radiolabeling compounds in DP to see how they contribute to its bone protective effects. Funding Sources There have been no funding sources.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Curcumin and Broccoli Seed Extract Against Age-Related Bone Loss in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Yiping Ren ◽  
Zhongdong Qiao ◽  
Doug Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Mice

Abstract Objectives Age-related bone loss occurs in both men and women, and is the leading cause of elderly disability. An age-related bone loss model was established in mice to investigate the protective effects of curcumin and broccoli seed extract. Methods 20 young (6-month-old) male C57BL/6 J mice after administration with vehicle once daily were sacrificed at four time points: day 0, 30, 60 and 90. 8 out of the 109 aged (18-month-old) male C57BL/6 J mice were sacrificed at the beginning and used as control. The rest of these aged mice were then randomly divided into four groups: one group served as control (vehicle), the other three groups were administrated with curcumin (CMN) and/or broccoli seed extract (BSE) by oral gavage. Mice in each group were sacrificed at four time points: day 0, 30, 60 and 90. L2 vertebrae of mice were fixed with paraformaldehyde and scanned with a Scanco Medical μCT40 scanner. Quantitative analyses of bone volume (BV), tissue volume (TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) were performed with the Scanco Medical's software. Results BV/TV of the young mice group were significantly higher compared to the aged mice group at all four time points. Similarly, Tb.N and Tb.Th were also higher in the young mice group compared to the aged mice group. In contrast, Tb.Sp was lower in the young mice group. When comparing different groups in the aged mice, we found that mice administered with CMN had a higher BV/TV value compared to the mice in the control group at all three time points. Such a difference is significant by day 30. The mice administered with combined CMN and BSE also showed significant increase in BV/TV on day 30. For Tb.N, both mice administered with either CMN or BSE had higher values at all three time points. But no obvious difference in Tb.N was found for mice administered with combined CMN and BSE. For Tb.Th, both mice administered with CMN and with combined CMN and BSE had higher values compared to the control. For Tb.Sp, both mice administered with either CMN or BSE had lower values compared to the control. Conclusions This study showed that curcumin could slow down bone loss in the mouse model. There is no obvious positive effect with broccoli seed extract or with curcumin and broccoli seed extract combined. The curcumin used in this study may shed light on the alleviation of bone loss in humans. Funding Sources Nu Skin Enterprises.

scholarly journals Does regular walnut consumption lead to weight gain?

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Sabaté ◽  
Zaida Cordero-MacIntyre ◽  
Gina Siapco ◽  
Setareh Torabian ◽  
Ella Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Dietary Compliance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diet Control

Studies consistently show the beneficial effects of eating nuts, but as high-energy foods, their regular consumption may lead to weight gain. We tested if daily consumption of walnuts (approximately 12% energy intake) for 6 months would modify body weight and body composition in free-living subjects. Ninety participants in a 12-month randomized cross-over trial were instructed to eat an allotted amount of walnuts (28–56g) during the walnut-supplemented diet and not to eat them during the control diet, with no further instruction. Subjects were unaware that body weight was the main outcome. Dietary compliance was about 95% and mean daily walnut consumption was 35g during the walnut-supplemented diet. The walnut-supplemented diet resulted in greater daily energy intake (557kJ (133kcal)), which should theoretically have led to a weight gain of 3·1kg over the 6-month period. For all participants, walnut supplementation increased weight (0·4 (se 0·1) kg), BMI (0·2 (se 0·1) kg/m2), fat mass (0·2 (se 0·1) kg) and lean mass (0·2 (se 0·1) kg). But, after adjusting for energy differences between the control and walnut-supplemented diets, no significant differences were observed in body weight or body composition parameters, except for BMI (0·1 (se 0·1) kg/m2). The weight gain from incorporating walnuts into the diet (control→walnut sequence) was less than the weight loss from withdrawing walnuts from the diet (walnut→control sequence). Our findings show that regular walnut intake resulted in weight gain much lower than expected and which became non-significant after controlling for differences in energy intake.

scholarly journals Dietary Purple Potato Supplementation Ameliorates Gut Inflammation and Associated Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 535-535
Author(s):  
Shima Bibi ◽  
Yansong Xue ◽  
Yang He ◽  
Min Du ◽  
Boon Chew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Epithelial Structure ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract Objectives The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rapidly increasing worldwide. Patients with IBD experience increased susceptibility to colorectal cancer and are associated with morbidity and mortality. Diets are known factors associated with IBD. This study examined the beneficial effects of dietary purple potato against spontaneous colitis and improving gut microbiota in interleukin (IL)-10-deficient mice, a commonly used IBD mice model. Methods IL-10-deficient mice at 7-week-old were assigned to a standard rodent diet (CON) or a control diet supplemented with 10% purple potato (dry feed weight) for 11 weeks, when colonic tissues were collected for histological and biochemical analyses. Results Purple potato supplementation had no effect on feed intake and body weight in IL-10-deficient mice during the 11-week feeding trial. Purple potato supplementation improved the colitis symptom and the integrity of the colonic epithelial structure with reduced inflammation and pathological scores. Furthermore, the density of goblet cells and differentiation markers for goblet cells was enhanced due to PP supplementation. Conclusions Data collectively showed that dietary purple potato supplementation had protective effects against colitis onset in IL-10-deficient mice and improved gut epithelial structure, providing a promising dietary approach for the management and prevention of colitis. Funding Sources USDA-NIFA and Northwest Potato Research Consortium.

Body composition in male rats subjected to early weaning and treated with diet containing flour or flaxseed oil after 21 days until 60 days

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ferolla da Camara Boueri ◽  
C. Ribeiro Pessanha ◽  
L. Rodrigues da Costa ◽  
M. R. Ferreira ◽  
H. Saldanha Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Flaxseed Flour

The aim of this study was analyzed if the flour or flaxseed oil treatment contributes to body composition in male rats subjected to early weaning. Pups were weaned for separation from mother at 14 (early weaning, EW) and 21 days (control, C). At 21 days, part of the pups was evaluated (C21 v. EW21). After 21 days, control (C60) was fed with control diet. EW was divided in control (EWC60); flaxseed flour (EWFF60); flaxseed oil (EWFO60) diets until 60 days. Body mass, length and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were determined. EW21 (v. C21) and EWC60 (v. C60 and EWFF60) showed lower (P<0.05) mass, length and body composition. EWFO60 (v. C60 and EWFF60) showed lower (P<0.05) body mass and length, body and trunk lean mass, bone mineral density and content and bone area. Flaxseed flour, in comparison with flaxseed oil, contributes to recovery of body composition after early weaning.

scholarly journals Prenylated Isoflavonoids-Rich Extract of Erythrinae Cortex Exerted Bone Protective Effects by Modulating Gut Microbial Compositions and Metabolites in Ovariectomized Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2943
Author(s):  
Hui-Hui Xiao ◽  
Xueli Yu ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Chi-On Chan ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ovx Rats

Flavonoids, found in a wide variety of foods and plants, are considered to play an important role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Our previous studies demonstrated that Erythrina cortex extract (EC) rich in prenylated isoflavonoids exerted bone protective effects in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The present study aimed to investigate the interactions of gut microbiota with the EC extract to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in its beneficial effects on bone. Sprague-Dawley female rats of 3-months-old were ovariectomized and treated with EC extract for 12 weeks. EC extract reversed ovariectomy-induced deterioration of bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture as well as downregulated cathepsin K (Ctsk) and upregulated runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the tibia of OVX rats. Its protective effects on bone were correlated with changes in microbial richness and the restorations of several genera. EC increased the serum circulating levels of acetate and propionate in OVX rats. We conclude that the bone protective effects of EC extract were associated with the changes in microbial compositions and serum short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in OVX rats.

scholarly journals Influence of High and Low Saturated Fatty Acid-Based Diets on Weight and Body Composition of Albino Rats (Rattusnorvegicus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abere DV
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Albino Rats

The study investigated the effect of feeding high and low saturated fatty acid based diets to feed female albino rats (Rattusnorvegicus) with a view to evaluating the effects of the fatty diets on the feeding patterns, weight and body composition of the rats. Seven months old female Rattus norvegicus were used for the experiment. The weights of the rats were taken for twelve weeks using Salter balance (Model 250). Four experimental diets were formulated which were made up of 2.5 and 5.0 g of margarine (blue band), 2.5 and 5.0 g canola oil each mixed with the basal diet. The control diet was grower feed and the resultant experimental diets were fed to the experimental rats kept in cages at the rate of 12 rats per cage. The rats were fed with the diets at the rate of 3% of body weight for a period of twelve weeks. The highest weight gain was recorded in the group fed with 5.0 g margarine, followed by 5.0 g canola, 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola and least in the rats fed the control.The mean weight gain of the rats fed with 5.0 g margarine and 5.0 g canola were significantly different (p<0.05) from the mean weight of 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola and the control. The food intake of the rats fed 5.0 g margarine and 5.0 g canola was also significantly different (p<0.05) from the food intake of rats fed 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola and the control. The proximate composition of the carcass of the rats fed the different experimental diets showed that fat content of the rats fed 5.0 g margarine was higher than in the rats fed the other diets. The histology of the liver of rats fed 5.0 g margarine and 5.0 g canola showed greater fat accumulation in the rat’s liver compared to rats fed 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola as well as the control. Rats with the highest body weight gain were considered obesity-prone; those with the lowest body weight were regarded as obesity-resistant while others were considered intermediate. The study concluded that the kind of fat consumed contributes to the weight gained by the rats.

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