scholarly journals Manganese Levels in Plant-based Diets May Exceed U.S. Dietary Recommendations-an Examination of the Ornish and DASH Diets (P24-011-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa LeMoon
Keyword(s):  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Mn Content

Abstract Objectives Manganese (Mn) is a dietary mineral critical for life, yet high levels of Mn can lead to symptoms of toxicity. The Mn content in food varies considerably and is most concentrated in plant-based foods, whole grains, legumes, nuts, etc. The adult adequate intake (AI) for Mn is 1.8 mg/day for women and 2.3 mg/day for men while the tolerable upper intake level (UL) is 11 mg/day for men and women. Mn absorption and bioavailability of Mn is affected by an individual's nutrition status and dietary factors. When Fe status is low Fe absorption is enhanced, subsequently increasing Mn absorption as well. Increasing evidence in support of the heart health benefits of plant-based diets has led to a rise in medically prescribed modern diets such as the Ornish diet. By design, this and other plant-based diets have a higher propensity to include Mn-rich foods. It is hypothesized that the average Mn content of the plant-based, Ornish diet will be significantly higher than that of the omnivorous Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. The objective of this research study is to assess the Mn levels in medically prescribed diets and compare them to current dietary standards. Methods The Mayo Clinic offers a three-day sample DASH diet menu (www.mayoclinic.org) and the Ornish diet has a three-day sample menu (www.ornish.com) complete with quantified ingredients available in the USDA National Nutrient Database. An assessment of the prescribed diets included quantifying Mn, iron (Fe), and energy (kcal). A trained researcher then manually downloaded and tabulated the nutrient profile for each ingredient. Daily values for kcal, Mn, and Fe were calculated and compared against each other and the Dietary Reference Intakes. Results The Ornish diet contained an average daily Mn content exceeding the UL, 11.5 mg/day, while the average daily Mn of the DASH diet was 7.5 mg/day. These values did not differ significantly (P = 0.125). Conclusions Both diets were significantly higher in Mn than the AI's and the Ornish diet demonstrated Mn levels higher than the UL and the DASH diet. This may indicate that people following a medically-prescribed, plant-based diet have an intake that exceeds the UL for Mn. Future research is needed to determine if the AI for Mn, which is based on typical consumption, is in need of an update, and if there are any risks or concerns for those following a plant-based diet. Funding Sources none.

scholarly journals Dietary intake and gallbladder disease: a review

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Tseng ◽  
James E Everhart ◽  
Robert S Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Gallbladder Disease ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reduce Risk

AbstractObjectiveDietary intake has long been looked upon as a potentially modifiable risk factor for gallbladder disease (GBD), here defined as either having gallstones or having had surgery for gallstones. This paper reviews the epidemiological evidence for an association between dietary intake and GBD, focusing on six dietary factors that have received the most attention in studies in this area: energy intake, fatty acids, cholesterol, carbohydrates and fibre, calcium and alcohol. The objectives of this review are to evaluate the potential usefulness of altering the diet to prevent GBD and to consider future research in this area.DesignWe reviewed all English-language epidemiological studies on diet and cholelithiasis that were cross-sectional, cohort or case–control in design and that were indexed in the Medline database from 1966 to October 1997.ResultsA positive association was suggested with simple sugars and inverse associations with dietary fibre and alcohol. No convincing evidence was found for a role for energy intake or intake of fat or cholesterol. Variable means of ascertaining cases and inaccurate measurement of dietary intake may contribute to variation in results across studies.ConclusionsSome specific components of the diet that may affect GBD include simple sugars, fibre and alcohol, but whether risk for GBD can be reduced by altering intake of a specific dietary factor has not been established. Although no specific dietary recommendations can be made to reduce risk of GBDper se, a ‘healthy’ diet aimed at reducing risk of other diseases might be expected to reduce risk for GBD as well.

Functional short-chain carbohydrates (prebiotics) in the diet to improve the microbiome and health of the gastrointestinal tract

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Muir ◽  
C. K. Yao ◽  
P. G. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Dietary Components

Advancement in technologies to identify and quantify bacterial species in the gastrointestinal tract has escalated interest in its microbiome worldwide. There is enormous interest in understanding the roles that bacterial species play in gastrointestinal health and overall wellbeing. What constitutes a ‘healthy gut microbiome’ includes: favourable fermentation-dependent characteristics such as butyrate supply to all regions, minimisation of putrefaction of proteins, and adequate laxation. The relative abundance of specific bacterial species with certain functional characteristics is also important and include: traditional prebiotic bacteria – Bifidobacteria; strongly butyrate-producing – Clostridium coccoides and Faecalibacterium prausnitzi as well as a mucus-associated bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila. Manipulation of diet and dietary factors may be essential to favourably influence these fermentation-dependent parameters and select for growth of beneficial bacterial species. In this regard, this laboratory has identified indigestible oligosaccharides with prebiotic effects and now has an extensive database that quantifies indigestible oligosaccharides in a wide variety of foods including whole grains, cereals, legumes, seeds, nuts, fruits and vegetables. Future research in this area should consider the role of dietary components that best establish and maintain a ‘healthy gut microbiome’.

scholarly journals Defining A Healthy Diet: Challenges and Conundrums

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Branscum ◽  
Manoj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Change Behaviors

As researchers and practitioners, we are often asked the question ‘what makes up a healthy diet.’ The purpose of this commentary was to bring light to this issue, and help define important behaviors that lead to consuming a healthy diet. A brief background of dietary recommendations is provided, including recommendations for macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as foods and food groups. After reading this commentary, it should be clear that whereas the concept of a healthy diet can be vague and abstract, there are key recommendations that help discern healthy and unhealthy eating. Also, even though the term healthy diet may be too vague for scientific investigation, social and behavioral scientists can predict and change behaviors related to a healthy diet, including those related to Dietary Reference Intakes [e.g., “Consuming between 900 and 3000 micrograms of Vitamin A everyday of the week” (for an adult man)] and MyPlate recommendations (e.g., “Consuming at least 4 oz (or equivalent) of whole grains, every day of the week”). Guidance on defining appropriate behaviors for scientific investigation and practice is presented.

scholarly journals The associations between whole grain and refined grain intakes and serum C-reactive protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka E. Taskinen ◽  
Sari Hantunen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Background/objectives Epidemiological studies suggest that whole grain intake has inverse associations with low-grade inflammation, but findings regarding refined grains are inconclusive. Our objective was to investigate whether consumption of whole or refined grains is associated with serum high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). Subjects/methods The study included 756 generally healthy men and women aged 53–73 years from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factory Study, examined in 1999–2001. Dietary intakes were assessed using 4-day food records. ANCOVA and linear regression were used for analyses. Results The mean intake of whole and refined grains was 136 g/day (SD 80) and 84 g/day (SD 46), respectively. Higher whole grain intake was associated with lower hs-CRP concentration and higher refined grain intake with higher concentration after adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors. Each 50 g/d higher whole grain intake was associated with 0.12 mg/L (95% Cl 0.02–0.21 mg/L) lower hs-CRP concentration and each 50 g/d higher refined grain intake with 0.23 mg/L (95% Cl 0.08–0.38) higher concentration. Adjustment for fibre from grains attenuated the associations especially with whole grains. There were no statistically significant interactions according to gender or BMI (P for interactions >0.065). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that higher intake of whole grains is associated with lower concentrations of hs-CRP and higher intake of refined grains is associated with higher concentrations. However, especially the association with whole grain intake was attenuated after adjusting for fibre intake from grains, suggesting that cereal fibre may partly explain the association.

scholarly journals Bridging Science and Practice-Importance of Stakeholders in the Development of Decision Support: Lessons Learned

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5744
Author(s):  
Innocent K. Tumwebaze ◽  
Joan B. Rose ◽  
Nynke Hofstra ◽  
Matthew E. Verbyla ◽  
Daniel A. Okaali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Support Tools ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Support Tools

User-friendly, evidence-based scientific tools to support sanitation decisions are still limited in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector. This commentary provides lessons learned from the development of two sanitation decision support tools developed in collaboration with stakeholders in Uganda. We engaged with stakeholders in a variety of ways to effectively obtain their input in the development of the decision support tools. Key lessons learned included: tailoring tools to stakeholder decision-making needs; simplifying the tools as much as possible for ease of application and use; creating an enabling environment that allows active stakeholder participation; having a dedicated and responsive team to plan and execute stakeholder engagement activities; involving stakeholders early in the process; having funding sources that are flexible and long-term; and including resources for the acquisition of local data. This reflection provides benchmarks for future research and the development of tools that utilize scientific data and emphasizes the importance of engaging with stakeholders in the development process.

A Descriptive Analysis of Music Therapy Employment from 2013 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon Oden
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
American Music ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Therapy Services

Abstract The purpose of this study was to descriptively analyze music therapy employment data from 2013 to 2019, including years in the field, gender, age, ethnicity, hours worked, jobs created, number of new board-certified music therapists (MT-BCs), funding sources, and wages. A database was created to analyze descriptive data from the 2013–2019 American Music Therapy Association Workforce Analysis Surveys as well as data from the Certification Board for Music Therapists. Results indicate a large portion of music therapists (MTs) have been in the field for five years or less. Though the majority of MTs work full time, there is a high rate of part-time employment. An estimate of the total number of new full-time jobs represented a ratio of 57% of new MT-BCs during the period. Private pay was the most reported funding source for music therapy services. Music therapy wages tended to be higher for those with higher levels of education. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are provided.

Abstract 38: Tandem Effects of Specific Foods on Cardiometabolic Risk within the Context of Overall Dietary Patterns: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Feeding Trials

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali M Singh ◽  
Marcia Otto ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis

Background: Cardiometabolic (CMB) risk factors are major mediators of the effects of diet on health. Multiple foods are often consumed in tandem, yet CMB effects of individual dietary factors are often studied in isolation, leading to estimates that may not represent true effects as part of diet patterns. Objective: To quantify the effects of major foods (fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds, whole grains, fish) and dietary fiber, when consumed within the context of overall diet patterns, on systolic BP, serum lipids, and glucose-insulin homeostasis. Methods: PubMed was searched through Oct 2015 to identify randomized controlled feeding studies evaluating effects of major dietary patterns on CMB factors. We included trials evaluating major dietary patterns including fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds, whole grains, fish, and dietary fiber as major components and evaluating effects on systolic BP, serum lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, or triglycerides), or markers of glucose-insulin homeostasis (fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, postprandial glucose, or fasting insulin). Multivariate metaregression was used to estimate food-specific effects on CMB factors. Results: Among 15 included trials, diet-pattern related decreases in SBP ranged from -2.2 to -9.5 mmHg; and in LDL-C, from -5.0 to -14.7 mg/dL. Each specific food had different, independent, and additive effects on these risk factors ( Figure ). Results for measures of glucose-insulin homeostasis are in progress. Conclusions: Each of these foods independently influences major CMB risk factors, even when consumed in tandem as part of overall diet patterns . Such quantification more accurately reflects the complementary effects of diverse dietary components and highlights the importance of integrated approaches to investigating dietary factors and implementing relevant dietary policies.

scholarly journals Dietary reference intakes: aplicabilidade das tabelas em estudos nutricionais

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Maria Padovani ◽  
Jaime Amaya-Farfán ◽  
Fernando Antonio Basile Colugnati ◽  
Semíramis Martins Álvares Domene
Keyword(s):  
Recommended Dietary Allowance ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Dietary Allowance ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Health Canada

As avaliações de dietas e o planejamento de consumo são atividades tradicionalmente realizadas por meio da comparação de médias de ingestão contra valores de referência de energia e nutrientes, seja para indivíduos ou grupos. Limitações de ordem técnica devem ser levadas em conta, sem as quais se pode chegar a conclusões equivocadas quanto ao atendimento das necessidades nutricionais. As Recomendações Nutricionais propostas pelo Institute of Medicine dos Estados Unidos, em conjunto com a agência Health Canada, a partir de 1997, conhecidas como Dietary Reference Intakes, representam um novo paradigma para o estabelecimento de indicadores nutricionais de consumo, ao aperfeiçoarem o uso do conceito de risco na avaliação de dietas. Fontes de erro intra ou interindividuais, devidas à variabilidade de padrão de consumo e decorrentes da distribuição das necessidades na população, aliadas a um pequeno número de dias de observação, têm grande impacto sobre a confiabilidade da análise. Por esta razão devem orientar a utilização dos valores, que foram organizados em tabelas com as quatro categorias de nutrientes, publicadas entre 1997 e 2005. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo destacar algumas características de aplicação e consolidar os valores diários de Tolerable Upper Intake Level, Adequate Intake e Recommended Dietary Allowance, facilitando a consulta por parte de profissionais e estudantes da área de nutrição.

scholarly journals Migraine and Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Gazerani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Future Work

Migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of disabling headaches, often accompanied by sensory and motor disturbances. Clinical manifestations of migraine are influenced by dietary behaviors and dietary elements. Several dietary triggers for migraine have been identified, leading to the definition of strategies such as elimination diets, ketogenic diets, and comprehensive diets, mainly to help prevent migraine. Although inconsistency is present in the literature and no consensus exists, the available data are promising in supporting beneficial dietary interventions for some migraine patients. Several factors influence the net outcome, including age, sex, genetics, and environmental factors. Advancement in understanding the underlying mechanisms of migraine pathogenesis and how dietary factors can interfere with those mechanisms has encouraged investigators to consider diet as a disease-modifying agent, which may also interfere with the gut–brain axis or the epigenetics of migraine. Future work holds potential for phenotyping migraine patients and offering personalized recommendations in line with biopsychosocial models for the management of migraine. Diet, as an important element of lifestyle, is a modifiable aspect that needs further attention. Well-designed, systematic, and mechanism-driven dietary research is needed to provide evidence-based dietary recommendations specific to migraine. This narrative review aims to present the current status and future perspective on diet and migraine, in order to stimulate further research and awareness.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing British Adolescents’ Intake of Whole Grains: A Pilot Feasibility Study Using SenseCam Assisted Interviews

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Kamar ◽  
Charlotte Evans ◽  
Siobhan Hugh-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Pilot Feasibility Study ◽  
Depth Interviews

High whole grain intake is beneficial for health. However, adolescents consume low levels of whole grain and the understanding of the underpinning reasons for this is poor. Using a visual, participatory method, we carried out a pilot feasibility study to elicit in-depth accounts of young people’s whole grain consumption that were sensitive to their dietary, familial and social context. Furthermore, we explored barriers and suggested facilitators to whole grain intake and assessed the feasibility of using SenseCam to engage adolescents in research. Eight British adolescents (aged 11 to 16 years) wore a SenseCam device which auto-captured images every twenty seconds for three consecutive days. Participants then completed traditional 24-hour dietary recalls followed by in-depth interviews based on day three SenseCam images. Interview data were subjected to thematic analysis. Findings revealed that low adolescent whole grain intake was often due to difficulty in identifying whole grain products and their health benefits; and because of poor availability in and outside of the home. The images also captured the influence of parents and online media on adolescent daily life and choices. Low motivation to consume whole grains, a common explanation for poor diet quality, was rarely mentioned. Participants proposed that adolescent whole grain consumption could be increased by raising awareness through online media, improved sensory appeal, increased availability and variety, and tailoring of products for young people. SenseCam was effective in engaging young people in dietary research and capturing data relevant to dietary choices, which is useful for future research.

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