scholarly journals Disparities in Dietary Patterns by Urbanization Among US Adults, 2013–2016 (P04-104-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Herrick ◽  
Cynthia Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Hispanic Origin

Abstract Objectives Rural populations are generally older, sicker, and poorer than their urban counterparts. Few studies have examined differences in dietary patterns by urbanization that may mirror differences in health by urbanization. Our objective is provide national estimates of dietary patterns among adults by urbanization level. Methods Using a single 24 hour recall from NHANES 2013–2016, we estimated the mean consumption of fruits, vegetables, % of calories from added sugars and % of calories from saturated fats, by age, sex, education, race and Hispanic origin, and urbanization level among US adults aged 20 and over (n = 9939). We used SUDAAN to conduct all analyses and we evaluated differences between groups using a t statistic and tests of trend across ordinal variables using orthogonal contrast matrices. Results During 2013–2016, the average fruit intake (cup equivalence) was 0.9 (SE 0.03) for both men and women. After adjustment by age, education level, and race and Hispanic origin, fruit intake increased with higher level of urbanization, from 0.6 (SE 0.07) in rural areas, to 0.9 (SE 0.05) in medium or small urban areas, to 1.0 (SE 0.04) in large urban areas among men. After adjustment, differences by urbanization were not significant for women. The average % of calories from added sugars on a given day was 12% (SE 0.2) for both men and women. After adjustment, added sugars intake decreased with higher level of urbanization, from 14.0% (SE 0.9) in rural areas, to 12.6% (SE 0.3) in medium to small urban areas, to 12.0% (SE 0.2) in large urban areas among women. A similar pattern was also observed among men. There were no differences in vegetable consumption or % of energy from saturated fat by level of urbanization. Conclusions Disparities in dietary patterns exist by urbanization. Additional research may show how these differences impact health and identify opportunities to improve health in rural communities. Funding Sources The National Center for Health Statistics and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded this study.

scholarly journals A comparative study of chest CT findings regarding the effects of regional dust exposure on patients with COPD living in urban areas and rural areas near cement plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghyun Kim ◽  
Bom Kim ◽  
So Hyeon Bak ◽  
Yeon-Mok Oh ◽  
Woo Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Copd Patients

Abstract Background The clinical and radiological presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is heterogenous depending on the characterized sources of inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate COPD phenotypes associated with specific dust exposure. Methods This study was designed to compare the characteristics, clinical outcomes and radiological findings between two prospective COPD cohorts representing two distinguishing regions in the Republic of Korea; COPD in Dusty Area (CODA) and the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort. A total of 733 participants (n = 186 for CODA, and n = 547 for KOLD) were included finally. A multivariate analysis to compare lung function and computed tomography (CT) measurements of both cohort studies after adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking status, and pack-year, Charlson comorbidity index, and frequency of exacerbation were performed by entering the level of FEV1(%), biomass exposure and COPD medication into the model in stepwise. Results The mean wall area (MWA, %) became significantly lower in COPD patients in KOLD from urban and metropolitan area than those in CODA cohort from cement dust area (mean ± standard deviation [SD]; 70.2 ± 1.21% in CODA vs. 66.8 ± 0.88% in KOLD, p = 0.028) after including FEV1 in the model. COPD subjects in KOLD cohort had higher CT-emphysema index (EI, 6.07 ± 3.06 in CODA vs. 20.0 ± 2.21 in KOLD, p < 0.001, respectively). The difference in the EI (%) was consistently significant even after further adjustment of FEV1 (6.12 ± 2.88% in CODA vs. 17.3 ± 2.10% in KOLD, p = 0.002, respectively). However, there was no difference in the ratio of mean lung density (MLD) between the two cohorts (p = 0.077). Additional adjustment for biomass parameters and medication for COPD did not alter the statistical significance after entering into the analysis with COPD medication. Conclusions Higher MWA and lower EI were observed in COPD patients from the region with dust exposure. These results suggest that the imaging phenotype of COPD is influenced by specific environmental exposure.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 542-550
Author(s):  
Monika Utzig
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Food Consumption Pattern

The aim of the paper is to identify changes in the food consumption of urban and rural households in Poland when it comes to sustainable consumption as well as evaluate if such changes are becoming more or less sustainable. Sustainable consumption is an element of sustainable development, which responds to the basic needs of people while not jeopardizing the needs of future generations. More sustainable food consumption is perceived to be a reduction of overconsumption, a decrease in the consumption of highly processed food and a shift in diet based less on animals and more on plants. The paper is mainly based on data from the Polish Central Statistical Office concerning meat, fruit and vegetable consumption. Some data about food waste were also used. The research shows that the food consumption pattern in rural households is less sustainable than in urban ones. Households living in rural areas consume more meat and less fruit and vegetables than urban ones. There is some evidence that the food consumption pattern in Poland is shifting towards a less sustainable one.

Dating Violence Among Rural Adolescents: Perpetration and Victimization by Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097161
Author(s):  
Sarah Taylor ◽  
Yan Xia
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Rural Context

Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a serious concern with various negative impacts on adolescent development. Research on ADV has predominantly been conducted in urban areas and has generally focused on physical and sexual forms of violence. The purpose of this study was to assess prevalence rates of various forms of ADV by gender in the rural context. A convenience sample of rural adolescents responded to an online survey. In total, 131 responses were used for this study. Participants reported perpetration and victimization experiences of physical abuse, sexual abuse, threatening behavior, relational aggression, verbal abuse, and cyber dating abuse. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used to determine gender differences in proportion and frequency of ADV. Results reveal that various forms of ADV are occurring in the rural context, with many of both males and females reporting perpetration and victimization. Overall, verbal and cyber ADV are the most common. Gender analysis reveals that males were significantly more likely to be victimized by physical abuse victimization, whereas females were significantly more likely to be victimized by sexual abuse. Though the proportion of adolescents reporting ADV were high in this study, most participants reported lower frequencies of ADV. Results support the urgent need in rural areas for education and prevention that target physical, sexual, and psychological components of healthy relationships. Rural dating violence prevention efforts must emphasize the importance of mutual respect across gender, rather than solely presenting this lesson to males in a traditional gendered manner. Results also suggest the need for rural areas to adopt comprehensive sex education that details sexual relationships that are consensual and healthy.

scholarly journals Comparison of Metabolic Risk Factors for Liver Cancer Among Men and Women in Guatemala

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10s-11s ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Rivera-Andrade ◽  
Maria Fernanda Kroker-Lobos ◽  
Mariana Lazo ◽  
Neal Freedman ◽  
John Groopman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract 13 Background: The proportion of liver cancer (LC) that is linked to metabolic risk factors has been increasing in many countries. Guatemala has the highest reported incidence of LC in the Americas, 1 but the prevalence of metabolic risk factors is not clear. We undertook this work to examine the prevalence of metabolic risk factors for LC in Guatemala by sex and residence. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 461 adults older than 40 years who resided in rural and urban areas. Risk factors were defined by using physical exam and laboratory data, including anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, serum liver enzymes, and lipids. Fatty liver disease (FLD) was defined as a fatty liver index score of > 60 and liver fibrosis (LF) as defined by a FIB-4 score of > 2.67. 2 , 3 Results: Among participants, 66% resided in rural areas and 57% were women. Mean ages of men and women were 58.0 ± 11.3 and 53.4 ± 9.8 years, respectively. Compared with men, women had higher prevalence of obesity (15% v 41%; P ≤ .001), metabolic syndrome (46% v 74%; P < .001), and FLD (67% v 52%; P < .001), but not LF (6% v 4%; P = .238). Compared with men and women from rural areas, those from urban areas had higher prevalence of diabetes (10% v 27%; P = .002; and 14% v 32%; P < .001) FLD (42% v 67%; P < .001; and 59% v 79%; P < .001), and metabolic syndrome (37% v 58%; P = .005; and 69% v 81%; P = .032), respectively. There was no difference in prevalence of LF by area among either men (6% v 6%; P = .86) or women (3% v 4%; P = .75). Conclusion: This study highlights a high prevalence of metabolic risk factors for LC in Guatemala, especially among women in urban areas. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Alvaro Rivera-Andrade No relationship to disclose Maria Fernanda Kroker-Lobos No relationship to disclose Mariana Lazo No relationship to disclose Neal Freedman No relationship to disclose John Groopman No relationship to disclose Eliseo Guallar No relationship to disclose Carlos Mendoza-Montano No relationship to disclose Katherine McGlynn No relationship to disclose Josh Smith Research Funding: Abbott Nutrition Manuel Ramirez-Zea No relationship to disclose

scholarly journals Are parental dietary patterns associated with children’s overweight and obesity in China?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisheng Tang ◽  
Tao Bu ◽  
Xuefan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background It is believed that parents have a great influence on their children’s dietary behaviours. However, it is not clear whether parental food patterns are associated with children’s nutritional status in China, which includes a vast territory with rich, diverse cultures. The goal of this project is to systematically study the associations between parental food intake and children’s overweight and obesity in China, according to children’s ages and regional differences. Methods Based on individual food consumption data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) package in 2011, cross-sectional studies have previously been conducted to analyse the association between different categories of food intake of parents and children. The current study extends this research by directly. Results Our analysis results show that parental food intake is highly correlated with children’s food intake, with the estimated coefficients of most food intake categories being greater than 0.5. Furthermore, this association between parental food intake and children’s overweight and obesity is most significant in young children, but it begins to weaken in relation to children aged between 13 and 18. Additionally, the associations between parental food intake and children’s overnutrition are more significant in rural areas than they are in urban areas. Conclusions The association between parental food intake and childhood overweight and obesity is significant, although it varies considerably according to food categories, children’s ages and area differences. These results show promise for intervening in the overnutrition of children by controlling household dietary patterns according to children’s developmental stages and regional differences.

scholarly journals Non-starch polysaccharide intakes in Mexican villagers and residents of Mexico City

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia P. Sanchez-Castillo ◽  
David Grubb ◽  
Maria De Lourdes Solano ◽  
Michael F. Franklin ◽  
W. Philip T. James
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Food Composition Tables

A study was performed in a rural Mexican community and in Mexico City to investigate possible differences in non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) intakes. One hundred and fourteen women (fifty-five rural and fitty-nine urban) and forty-three men (twenty-four rural and nineteen urban) completed 24 h recall questionnaires for three consecutive days with NSP intakes being estimated from a specially prepared set of new food composition tables. Potential underestimation of intakes was assessed by estimating individual BMR and dividing the estimated energy intakes by BMR to give a ratio. Excluding severe underrecording (ratio < 1·01) suggested NSP intakes of 21·8 and 17·3 g/d in rural men and women and 17·7 and 15·6 g/d in urban men and women respectively. NSP sources differed, with a marked fall in intake from pulses in the urban areas but a compensatory increase of tortilla intakes and a rise in NSP-rich fruit consumption. Both soluble- and insoluble-NSP intakes were higher in rural areas. NSP intakes scaled by probable energy intakes of moderately active adults in developing countries suggest that NSP intakes in Mexico are similar to adjusted values in Africa, i.e. 26·9 g/d in Mexico v. 28·5 g/d in Africa in rural men and 22·9 v. 21·0 g/d respectively in rural women. The NSP: energy density ratio (g/MJ) of the rural diet conformed with the World Health Organization (1990) goal. Data available on urban and rural communities for three countries showed that in each case the intake of NSP was lowest in the urban community.

scholarly journals Rurality and dietary patterns: associations in a UK cohort study of 10-year-old children

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1436-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim T Morris ◽  
Kate Northstone
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Components Analysis

AbstractObjectiveDespite differences in obesity and ill health between urban and rural areas in the UK being well documented, very little is known about differences in dietary patterns across these areas. The present study aimed to examine whether urban/rural status is associated with dietary patterns in a population-based UK cohort study of children.DesignDietary patterns were obtained using principal components analysis and cluster analysis of 3 d diet records collected from children at 10 years of age. Rurality was obtained from the 2001 UK Census urban/rural indicator at the time of dietary assessment. General linear models were used to examine the relationship between rurality and dietary pattern scores from principal components analysis; multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between rurality and dietary clusters.SettingThe Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), South West England.SubjectsChildren (n 5677) aged 10 years (2817 boys and 2860 girls).ResultsAfter adjustment, increases in rurality were associated with increased scores on the ‘health awareness’ dietary pattern (β=0·35; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·56; P<0·001 for the most rural compared with the most urban group) and lower scores on the ‘packed lunch/snack’ dietary pattern (β=−0·39; 95 % CI −0·59, −0·19; P<0·001 for the most rural compared with the most urban group). The odds ratio for participants being in the ‘healthy’ compared with the ‘processed’ dietary cluster for the most rural areas was 1·61 (95 % CI 1·05, 2·49; P=0·02) compared with those in the most urban areas.ConclusionsThere is evidence to suggest that differences exist in dietary patterns between rural and urban areas. Similar results were found using two different methods of dietary pattern analysis, showing that children residing in rural households were more likely to consume healthier diets than those in urban households.

scholarly journals Tracking of fruit and vegetable consumption from adolescence into adulthood and its longitudinal association with overweight

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia J. te Velde ◽  
Jos W. R. Twisk ◽  
Johannes Brug
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
National Recommendation

The objective of the present study was to assess to what extent fruit and vegetable intakes track over a 24-year time period and to assess longitudinal associations between fruit and vegetable intakes and (change in) BMI and sum of skinfolds. Dietary intake and anthropometrics were repeatedly assessed for 168 men and women between the ages of 12 and 36 years. Linear general estimating equations analyses were applied (1) to estimate tracking coefficients, (2) to estimate predictability for meeting the national recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake and for being in the highest quartile for fruit and vegetable intake, and (3) to estimate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and BMI and sum of skinfolds. We found that tracking coefficients were 0·33 (P < 0·001) for fruit intake and 0·27 (P < 0·001) for vegetable intake. Mean fruit intake decreased over a 24-year period. For fruit intake, predictability was higher in men than in women (OR 6·02 (P < 0·001) and 2·33 (P = 0·001) for meeting the recommendation for men and women respectively). After adjustment, fruit intake was not associated with BMI, but being in the lowest quartile of fruit intake was significantly associated with a lower sum of skinfolds. Women in the lowest quartiles of vegetable intake had significantly higher BMI and sum of skinfolds and also greater positive changes in these parameters. In conclusion, tracking and predictability for fruit and vegetable intake appear to be low to moderate, which might indicate that fruit and vegetable promotion should be started at an early age and continued into adulthood. Despite the fact that we only observed beneficial weight-maintaining effects of vegetable intake in women, promoting vegetables is important for both sexes because of other positive properties of vegetables. No evidence was found for promoting fruit intake as a means of weight maintenance.

scholarly journals Consistent dietary patterns identified from childhood to adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mikkilä ◽  
L. Räsänen ◽  
O.T. Raitakari ◽  
P. Pietinen ◽  
J. Viikari
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Young Finns Study

Dietary patterns are useful in nutritional epidemiology, providing a comprehensive alternative to the traditional approach based on single nutrients. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a prospective cohort study with a 21-year follow-up. At baseline, detailed quantitative information on subjects' food consumption was obtained using a 48 h dietary recall method (n1768, aged 3–18 years). The interviews were repeated after 6 and 21 years (n1200 andn1037, respectively). We conducted a principal component analysis to identify major dietary patterns at each study point. A set of two similar patterns was recognised throughout the study. Pattern 1 was positively correlated with consumption of traditional Finnish foods, such as rye, potatoes, milk, butter, sausages and coffee, and negatively correlated with fruit, berries and dairy products other than milk. Pattern 1 type of diet was more common among male subjects, smokers and those living in rural areas. Pattern 2, predominant among female subjects, non-smokers and in urban areas, was characterised by more health-conscious food choices such as vegetables, legumes and nuts, tea, rye, cheese and other dairy products, and also by consumption of alcoholic beverages. Tracking of the pattern scores was observed, particularly among subjects who were adolescents at baseline. Of those originally belonging to the uppermost quintile of pattern 1 and 2 scores, 41 and 38 % respectively, persisted in the same quintile 21 years later. Our results suggest that food behaviour and concrete food choices are established already in childhood or adolescence and may significantly track into adulthood.

scholarly journals Migrant youth’s emerging dietary patterns in Haiti: the role of peer social engagement

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1262-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Heckert ◽  
Sandra Boatemaa ◽  
Claire E Altman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Urban Migrant

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines whether rural-to-urban migrant youth consume a greater diversity of high-sugar beverages and fried snacks (HSBFS) compared with their peers who remain in rural areas. It also tests whether the association between migration and HSBFS diversity is moderated by migrant youth’s social engagement with their peers.DesignParticipants were recruited in August and September 2011 following the completion of primary school (6th grade) and shortly before many rural youth migrate to urban areas. Participants were re-interviewed six months later. HSBFS diversity was assessed at follow-up; analyses control for baseline and follow-up characteristics.SettingBaseline interviews occurred in rural Southeast Haiti. Follow-up interviews of migrants occurred at urban destinations in Haiti.SubjectsThe sample includes 215 youth (mean age 15·9 years; 43·3 % female; 21·9 % rural-to-urban migrants) who were interviewed at baseline and follow-up.ResultsRural-to-urban migrant youth consumed a greater diversity of HSBFS products at follow-up than their rural counterparts (b=0·70,P≤0·05). Moreover, we found that this relationship varied by level of peer social engagement. Youth who migrated and had a high degree of peer social engagement consumed 2·2 additional types of HSBFS products daily than their counterparts who remained in rural areas and had low peer social engagement.ConclusionsHigher HSBFS diversity among migrant youth is consistent with the patterns proposed by the nutrition transition. Interactions with peers may have an important influence as migrant youth adopt new dietary preferences. Emerging dietary patterns among youth migrants have important implications for health trajectories and the development of degenerative diseases.

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