scholarly journals Screening for Antiviral Activities of Isolated Compounds from Essential Oils

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Astani ◽  
Jürgen Reichling ◽  
Paul Schnitzler
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Viral Infectivity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Hsv 1

Essential oil of star anise as well as phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes, for example, trans-anethole, eugenol,β-eudesmol, farnesol,β-caryophyllene andβ-caryophyllene oxide, which are present in many essential oils, were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)in vitro. Antiviral activity was analyzed by plaque reduction assays and mode of antiviral action was determined by addition of the drugs to uninfected cells, to the virus prior to infection or to herpesvirus-infected cells. Star anise oil reduced viral infectivity by >99%, phenylpropanoids inhibited HSV infectivity by about 60–80% and sesquiterpenes suppressed herpes virus infection by 40–98%. Both, star anise essential oil and all isolated compounds exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity by direct inactivation of free virus particles in viral suspension assays. All tested drugs interacted in a dose-dependent manner with herpesvirus particles, thereby inactivating viral infectivity. Star anise oil, rich in trans-anethole, revealed a high selectivity index of 160 against HSV, whereas among the isolated compounds onlyβ-caryophyllene displayed a high selectivity index of 140. The presence ofβ-caryophyllene in many essential oils might contribute strongly to their antiviral ability. These results indicate that phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes present in essential oils contribute to their antiviral activity against HSV.

Chemical Profiling, Larvicidal Activity and Antihemolytic Property of Allium sativum L. and Allium cepa L. Essential Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 945-958
Author(s):  
Durgadevi P ◽  
◽  
Sumathi P ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Health Organization

Essential oils are plant derived concentrates of the secondary metabolites responsible for the aromatic flavor attributing to its various medicinal properties. Fresh Allium sativum (A. sativum) and Allium cepa (A. cepa) were subjected to steam distillation for isolation of essential oil characterized by performing Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Chromatogram of the essential oil depicted the presence diallyl sulfide (5.35%), 2-(2’-carbamoylphenoxy)-butanoic acid (2.64%), 2-ethyl-5-methylthiophene (0.42%), diallyl disulphide (18.76%), 3-(2-thia-4-pentenyl)-1-thia-cyclohex-5-ene (1.09%) and dimethyl tetrasulphide (0.15%), 2,4-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-one (47.91%), 2,4-Thiazolidinedione (0.01%), 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-1,3-dinitrobenzene (5.93%), 6-Methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (47.91%) in A. sativum and A.cepa respectively. Larvicidal activity against third instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi (A. Stephensi) was assessed by following the standard protocol of World Health Organization. The 50% lethality (LC50) of A. stephensi larvae was observed at 265.96 ± 1.88 ppm and 357.14 ± 2.36 ppm of A. sativum and A. cepa essential oil correspondingly. The mortality rate of the larvae was both time and dose dependent. Besides, the in vitro antihemolytic activity of the essential oil was also assessed using Sheep erythrocytes. The erythrocyte lysis was inhibited by the essential oils of both A. sativum and A. cepa in a concentration dependent manner with an IC50 of 427.35 ± 1.23 μl and 549.45 ± 1.38 μl respectively. On a comparative assessment between the essential oils of A. sativum and A. cepa, the former exhibited better larvicidal activity against the disease-causing vector, A. stephensi. Still, both could serve as potent insecticidal agents after further identification of the responsible chemical compound and its mode of action.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of the Leaves and Stem Essential Oils ofJatropha gossypifoliaL.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday O. Okoh ◽  
Benson C. Iweriebor ◽  
Omobola O. Okoh ◽  
Uchechukwu U. Nwodo ◽  
Anthony I. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Jatropha Gossypifolia ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the leaves and stem essential oils (EOs) ofJatropha gossypifoliaand their efficacies against infectious and oxidative stress diseases were studiedin vitro. The EOs obtained using Clevenger modified apparatus were characterized by high resolution GC-MS, while their antioxidant and antibacterial properties were examined by spectrophotometric and agar diffusion techniques, respectively. The EOs exhibited strong antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coli,Enterococcus faecium,andStaphylococcus aureus. The stem essential oil (SEO) was more active than the leaf essential oil (LEO) against test bacteria with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.025 to 0.05 mg/mL and the LEO from 0.05 to 0.10 mg/mL. The SEO was bactericidal at 0.025 and 0.05 mg/mL againstS.aureusandE.faecium, respectively, and the LEO was bacteriostatic against the three bacteria at 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. The SEO IC50(0.07 mg/mL) showed that the antiradical strength was superior to LEO (0.32 mg/mL) andβ-carotene (1.62 mg/mL) in scavenging 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH•). The oils effectively reduced three other oxidants to neutral molecules in concentration dependent manner. Findings from this study suggest that, apart from the traditional uses of the plant extracts, the EOs have strong bioactive compounds with noteworthy antibacterial and antiradical properties and may be good candidates in the search for lead compounds for the synthesis of novel potent antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antifungal Effects and Potential Mechanism of Essential Oils on Collelotrichum gloeosporioides In Vitro and In Vivo

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xiaoman Jia ◽  
Li Xin ◽  
Hao Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations

The development of natural essential oil as an alternative to synthetic chemicals in the control of postharvest decay is currently in the spotlight. In the present study, the efficacy of seven essential oils in suppressing Collelotrichum gloeosporioides identified from sweet cherry was evaluated in vitro and clove oil was proved to be the most promising inhibitor. Thus, the antifungal properties and potential mechanisms of clove oil in vitro and in vivo by fumigation and contact treatments were intensively investigated. For C. gloeosporioides, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of clove oil in air and contact phase were 80 and 300 μL/L in vitro testing, respectively. Based on the radial growth of C. gloeosporioides mycelium in medium, the fumgitoxic ability of essential oil was observed in a dose-dependent manner, which was not as dramatic as that under in vivo conditions. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of C. gloeosporioides exposed to clove oil exhibited obviously deleterious morphological and ultrastructural alterations confirming the disruption of fungal cell wall and endomembrane system, which resulted in increasing in permeability and causing the loss of intracellular constituents. In future, essential oils, combined with nano-emulsification approaches, could be good candidates as safe and effective antifungal agents for fungal spoilage of fresh commodities.

scholarly journals Virucidal Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Aromatic Plants of Central West Argentina

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cybele C. García ◽  
Eliana G. Acosta ◽  
Ana C. Carro ◽  
María C. Fernández Belmonte ◽  
Renata Bomben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Virucidal Activity ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

The essential oils of seven aromatic plants from central west argentina were isolated by steam distillation and analyzed by a gas chromatography mass spectrometry technique. The oils were screened for cytotoxicity and In Vitro inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) and Junin virus (JUNV). The oils showed a variable virucidal action according to the virus. JUNV was the least susceptible virus in comparison with HSV-1 and DENV-2. The better relationship between cytotoxicity and inhibitory activity was observed for the essential oil of Lantana grisebachiii (Seckt.) var. grisebachii against DENV-2 and HSV-1 with IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50%) values of 21.1 and 26.1 ppm, respectively. This effect was specific since the selectivity indices (ratio cytotoxicity/virucidal activity) were > 23.7 and > 19.1 for DENV-2 and HSV-1, respectively. Furthermore, the oil from L. grisebachii was also an effective inhibitor of HSV-2 and acyclovir resistant variants of herpes virus. This study demonstrates the effective and selective inhibitory activity of the essential oil from Lantana grisebachii against HSV and DENV by direct virus inactivation.

scholarly journals In vitro antiviral activity of BanLec against herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Arisha Taj Mahaboob Batcha ◽  
Ashish Wadhwani ◽  
Gowri Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Antiviral Compound ◽  
Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

The present study evaluates the antiviral activity of banana lectin (BanLec) against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Lectin was isolated from the ripen pulp of bananas (Musa paradisiaca). The study showed that lectin exhibited hemagglutination activity towards human erythrocytes A, B, AB and O group. The molecular weight of BanLec using SDS gel-electrophoresis was found to be 14,000-30,000 Da. Cytotoxicity of BanLec on the Vero cell lines showed an inhibitory concentration of 172.7 µg/mL. BanLec was virucidal and showed no cytotoxicity at the concentration tested. The lectin showed a dose-dependent antiviral activities, inhibiting HSV-1 by 16.0 µg/mL with selectivity index 10.8 and HSV-2 inhibition by 67.7 µg/mL with selectivity index 2.6. These results corroborate that BanLec could be a rich source of potential antiviral compound for HSV-1 when compared to HSV-2.

scholarly journals Experimental Data Based Machine Learning Classification Models with Predictive Ability to Select in Vitro Active Antiviral and Non-Toxic Essential Oils

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Sabatino ◽  
Marco Fabiani ◽  
Mijat Božović ◽  
Stefania Garzoli ◽  
Lorenzo Antonini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Hsv 1

In the last decade essential oils have attracted scientists with a constant increase rate of more than 7% as witnessed by almost 5000 articles. Among the prominent studies essential oils are investigated as antibacterial agents alone or in combination with known drugs. Minor studies involved essential oil inspection as potential anticancer and antiviral natural remedies. In line with the authors previous reports the investigation of an in-house library of extracted essential oils as a potential blocker of HSV-1 infection is reported herein. A subset of essential oils was experimentally tested in an in vitro model of HSV-1 infection and the determined IC50s and CC50s values were used in conjunction with the results obtained by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry chemical analysis to derive machine learning based classification models trained with the partial least square discriminant analysis algorithm. The internally validated models were thus applied on untested essential oils to assess their effective predictive ability in selecting both active and low toxic samples. Five essential oils were selected among a list of 52 and readily assayed for IC50 and CC50 determination. Interestingly, four out of the five selected samples, compared with the potencies of the training set, returned to be highly active and endowed with low toxicity. In particular, sample CJM1 from Calaminta nepeta was the most potent tested essential oil with the highest selectivity index (IC50 = 0.063 mg/mL, SI > 47.5). In conclusion, it was herein demonstrated how multidisciplinary applications involving machine learning could represent a valuable tool in predicting the bioactivity of complex mixtures and in the near future to enable the design of blended essential oil possibly endowed with higher potency and lower toxicity.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antitumor Activity of Novel 1-(4-Substituted phenyl)-2-ethyl Imidazole Apoptosis Inducers In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4293
Author(s):  
Zhen-Wang Li ◽  
Chun-Yan Zhong ◽  
Xiao-Ran Wang ◽  
Shi-Nian Li ◽  
Chun-Yuan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dependent Manner

Novel imidazole derivatives were designed, prepared, and evaluated in vitro for antitumor activity. The majority of the tested derivatives showed improved antiproliferative activity compared to the positive control drugs 5-FU and MTX. Among them, compound 4f exhibited outstanding antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines and was considerably more potent than both 5-FU and MTX. In particular, the selectivity index indicated that the tolerance of normal L-02 cells to 4f was 23–46-fold higher than that of tumor cells. This selectivity was significantly higher than that exhibited by the positive control drugs. Furthermore, compound 4f induced cell apoptosis by increasing the protein expression levels of Bax and decreasing those of Bcl-2 in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, 4f could be a potential candidate for the development of a novel antitumor agent.

scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of the G-Quadruplex Ligand TMPyP4 against Herpes Simplex Virus-1

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Sara Artusi ◽  
Emanuela Ruggiero ◽  
Matteo Nadai ◽  
Beatrice Tosoni ◽  
Rosalba Perrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) genome is extremely rich in guanine tracts that fold into G-quadruplexes (G4s), nucleic acid secondary structures implicated in key biological functions. Viral G4s were visualized in HSV-1 infected cells, with massive virus cycle-dependent G4-formation peaking during viral DNA replication. Small molecules that specifically interact with G4s have been shown to inhibit HSV-1 DNA replication. We here investigated the antiviral activity of TMPyP4, a porphyrin known to interact with G4s. The analogue TMPyP2, with lower G4 affinity, was used as control. We showed by biophysical analysis that TMPyP4 interacts with HSV-1 G4s, and inhibits polymerase progression in vitro; in infected cells, it displayed good antiviral activity which, however, was independent of inhibition of virus DNA replication or entry. At low TMPyP4 concentration, the virus released by the cells was almost null, while inside the cell virus amounts were at control levels. TEM analysis showed that virus particles were trapped inside cytoplasmatic vesicles, which could not be ascribed to autophagy, as proven by RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. Our data indicate a unique mechanism of action of TMPyP4 against HSV-1, and suggest the unprecedented involvement of currently unknown G4s in viral or antiviral cellular defense pathways.

Combinational inhibitory action of essential oils and gamma irradiation for controlling Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus growth and their aflatoxins biosynthesis in vitro and in situ conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322110530
Author(s):  
Hanan H Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Ali AI Hammad ◽  
Reham MMA El-Kader ◽  
Khayria A Youssef ◽  
Dalia AM Abdou
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
In Situ Conditions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of certain essential oils (star anise, lemon leaves, marjoram, fennel, and lavender) on the fungal growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and their production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The degree of suppression of the aflatoxigenic strains’ growth and their production of AFB1 is mainly affected by the kind and the concentration of the tested essential oils (EOs). Star anise essential oil had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (0.5 and 1.0 μL/mL) against A. flavus and A. parasiticus, respectively, so it was the best among the five different oils. The study of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that star anise EO resulted in a 98% reduction in AFB1 without a breakdown of AFB1 products after treatment thus the complete removal of AFB1 was done without any toxic residues. The combination showed a synergistic effect, the combinational treatment between γ-irradiation at a low dose (2 kGy) and star anise EO at concentrate 0.5 μL/g destroyed A. flavus and A. parasiticus inoculated (individually) in sorghum and peanut, respectively throughout the storage period (8 weeks).

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