scholarly journals The association between migration and smoke-free families: how do migrants from different world regions compare?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mlinarić ◽  
Emma Kohler ◽  
Anton E Kunst ◽  
Vincent Lorant ◽  
Arja Rimpelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Parental Migration ◽  
World Regions ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Studies on adolescent secondhand smoke exposure within the family often dichotomously operationalize migration background without paying attention to social and cultural diversity within migrant populations. As a result, little is known about variation within migrant groups in smoke-free family environments (SFFEs). This study analyses the association between SFFEs and parental migration from different world regions. Methods Data from 14- to 16-year-old adolescents (N = 17 144) on SFFEs and parental migration were obtained from cross-sectional repeated SILNE-R surveys. A multivariable multinomial regression was applied, presenting relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for maternal or paternal tobacco smoking and home smoking bans. Variation in migration background was measured according to parental sex and place of birth. Results Approximately 18% of adolescents are exposed to maternal smoking, and 25% are exposed to paternal smoking. Almost half of the respondents do not live in SFFEs but are subject to permissive (5%) or partial (39%) smoking bans at home. We found that adolescents of Eastern European descent are at a higher risk of being exposed to both paternal and maternal smoking. A sex difference in parental smoking was found among Arabic/Islamic migrants, where mothers are less likely to be smokers. Maternal and paternal African origins are associated with prohibitive smoking bans at home. Eastern European mothers show higher odds of permissiveness and freely allowing smoking at home. Conclusion Notable within-differences according to parental sex and place of birth were found for SFFEs and should be taken into account when implementing equity-sensitive tobacco prevention programs.

scholarly journals Altering Cooking and Eating Habits during the Romanian Communist Regime by Using Cookbooks

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Ina Irina Ghita
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
At Home

This digital project examines the role of a cook book, Sanda Marin’s Carte de Bucate, first published in 1936,  as a vehicle for social education in Communist Romania. The book was censored and transformed during the Communist regime as two interconnected phenomena were taking place: the reinforcing of the ideology of the Communist model and an increasing economic crisis that led to scarcity of food. The paper also pays attention to how the language and tone used in the book changed depending on the understanding of gender roles in different decades. In spite of Communist claims of an equal division of responsibilities, procuring of food and cooking was considered a woman’s task.   By addressing equal responsibility in the public sphere, not at home, the progress toward gender equity reached after the War was completely erased during communism since women had to work and also be responsible for all domestic duties at home, a situation that has been similar in other eastern European countries to this day.  

scholarly journals Migration decisions of parents and the nutrition intakes of children left at home in rural China

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ning ◽  
H.-H. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Parental Migration ◽  
Social Welfare Programs ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
At Home

Using an individual-level dataset drawn from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2009, this paper investigated whether the parental labour migration is associated with deficiencies in the nutrition intakes of children left at home in the rural area. The results show that the parental migration increases the probability of deficiency in the energy and protein intake of children left at home. Although several studies have pointed out that the parental remittances can increase the economic well-being of their children at home, this study points to an undesired cost of the parental migration. Governments should establish effective policies to promote the benefits of migration while minimizing the potential costs. In particular, specific social welfare programs targeting on children in the rural area can be designed to insecure the nutritional health of children left at home in the rural area.  

scholarly journals Review of the Book ”Evaluarea impactului migrației părinților asupra comportamentului infracțional al copiilor rămași acasă” [Assessing the Impact of Parental Migration on the Criminal Behavior of Children Left at Home], Author: Loredana Florentina Cătărău, Lumen Publishing House, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Georgeta Bara
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Parental Migration ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
Minor Children ◽  
Antisocial Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

The book ”Evaluarea impactului migrației părinților asupra comportamentului infracțional al copiilor rămași acasă” [Assessing the impact of parental migration on the criminal behavior of children left at home], written by Loredana Florentina Cătărău, published by Lumen Publishing House from Iași, Romania, în 2019, presents the scientific approach of the author's doctoral thesis, which analyzes how the deterioration of intra-family relationships within transnational families affects the behavior of minor children left at home, while highlighting the link between parental migration and child crime after parents leave. Using qualitative methods of data collection, but respecting ethical principles in relation to interviewing minors, specialists and parents, the author conducts a qualitative research that determines the deterioration of the child-parent relationship and how this reality is reflected on the subsequent behavior of minors, respectively the translation towards antisocial attitudes or towards some behavioral traits specific to criminal behavior.

scholarly journals Jonah’s Birth

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Rachel Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Care Provider ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Home Birth ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Midwifery Care ◽  
At Home

Rachel Goldstein shares her experience of exploring options related to care provider and place of birth early in her pregnancy. Goldstein and her husband, Marc, after reading and research, chose midwifery care and a home birth. She shares the story of a long labor at home supported by her husband, her doula, and her midwife. Her positive attitude, her ability to use various comfort strategies, and the support she received throughout labor contributed to being able to give birth naturally and ecstatically to her son Jonah.

scholarly journals Is the place of birth related to the mother’s satisfaction with childbirth? A cross-sectional study in a rural district of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Takayama ◽  
Khampheng Phongluxa ◽  
Daisuke Nonaka ◽  
Chika Sato ◽  
Ernesto R. Gregorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background The place of birth has been rapidly changing from home to health facility in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) following the strategy to improve the maternal and neonatal mortality. This change in the place of birth might affect the mother’s satisfaction with childbirth. The objective of this study was to assess whether the place of birth is related to the mother’s satisfaction with childbirth in a rural district of the Lao PDR. Methods A community-based survey was implemented in 21 randomly selected hamlets in Xepon district, Savannakhet province, between February and March, 2016. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted with mothers who experienced a normal vaginal birth in the past 2 years. Satisfaction with childbirth was measured by the Satisfaction with Childbirth Experience Questionnaire. Using the median, the outcome variable was dichotomized into “high satisfaction group” and “low satisfaction group”. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between place of birth and satisfaction with childbirth. Three models were examined: In Model 1, only the predictor of interest (i.e., place of birth) was included. In Model 2, the predictor of interest and the obstetrical predictors were included. In Model 3, in addition to these predictors, socio-demographic and economic predictors were included. A mixed-effects model was used to account for the hierarchical structure. Results Among the 226 mothers who were included in data analysis, 60.2% gave birth at the health facility and the remaining 39.8% gave birth at home. Logistic regression analysis showed that the mothers who gave birth at the health facility were significantly more likely to have a higher level of satisfaction compared to the mothers who gave birth at home (crude odds ratio: 5.44, 95% confidence interval: 3.03 to 9.75). This association remained even after adjusting for other predictors (adjusted odds ratio: 6.05, 95% confidence interval: 2.81 to 13.03). Conclusion Facility-based birth was significantly associated with a higher level of satisfaction with childbirth among the mothers in the study district where maternal and neonatal mortalities are relatively high. The findings of the present study support the promotion of facility-based birth in a rural district of the Lao PDR.

scholarly journals Effect of Parental Migration Background on Childhood Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Besharat Pour ◽  
Anna Bergström ◽  
Matteo Bottai ◽  
Inger Kull ◽  
Magnus Wickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Parental Migration ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Omega 6

Background. Poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, and obesity in children have important public health implications but, to date, their effects have not been studied in the growing population of children in Sweden with immigrant parents.Methods. We estimated the association between parental migration background and nutrition, physical activity, and weight in 8-year-old children born in Stockholm between 1994 and 1996 of immigrants and Swedish parents (n=2589). Data were collected through clinical examination and questionnaires filled out by parents. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression.Results. Children of immigrants complied more closely with Nordic Nutrition Recommendations compared with those of Swedes (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.11–1.64). They had higher intake of dietary fibre, vitamins C, B6, and E, folic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6) reflecting higher consumption of foods of plant origin, but lower intake of vitamins A and D, calcium, and iron reflecting lower consumption of dairy products. Children of immigrants had higher intake of sucrose reflecting higher consumption of sugar and sweets. Furthermore, these children had a higher risk of having low physical activity (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.06–1.62) and being overweight (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.06–1.65) compared with children of Swedish parents. The odds of having low physical activity and being overweight were even higher in children whose parents were both immigrants. A low level of parental education was associated with increased risk of low physical activity regardless of immigration background.Conclusions. Culturally appropriate tools to capture the diverse range of ethnic foods and other lifestyle habits are needed. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the low levels of physical activity, increased weight, and lack of consumption of some important vitamins among children of immigrants.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Amblyopia among Refractive Errors in an Eastern European Population

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Mocanu ◽  
Raluca Horhat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Toxic Environment ◽  
History Of

Background and objective: Amblyopia is the leading cause of visual impairment in children and adults and is very common during childhood. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and the risk factors of amblyopia in a pediatric population with refractive errors from an Eastern European country. Materials and methods: A total of 1231 children aged 5–16 years, who had refractive errors and were examined from January to August 2017, were enrolled in a cross-sectional population-based study. Every child underwent a complete ophthalmological exam. Amblyopia was defined as a visual acuity (VA) of less than 0.63. The study respected the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study (MEPEDS) criteria for defining amblyopia (MEPEDS, 2008). Parents participated in a face-to-face interview. The questionnaire contained details about their family history of amblyopia; the child’s maternal nutritional status in the preconception period; their history of maternal smoking or work in a toxic environment; the child’s birth, and the child’s history of congenital naso-lacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). Results: Amblyopia was identified in 2.8% of the participants. The ocular conditions hyperopia (p = 0.0079), astigmatism (p = 0.046), anisometropia (p < 0.001), esotropia (p < 0.001), exotropia (p = 0.0195), and CNLDO (p < 0.001), as well as a family history of amblyopia (p < 0.001), were associated with amblyopia. The non-ocular risk factors for amblyopia that were found in the study included low birth weight (p < 0.0009), prematurity (p < 0.001), an Apgar score under 7 (p = 0.0008), maternal age, maternal smoking history or work in toxic environment (p < 0.001), and maternal body mass index in the preconception period (p < 0.003). Conclusions: Some of the risk factors we identified for amblyopia are modifiable factors. This is an important observation as an adequate health education program can provide the relevant information for future mothers that will allow for a better management of the condition. We also wanted to highlight the need for amblyopia screening starting from the age of 3 years in case of significant parental refractive errors, strabismus, prematurity, and maternal risk factors.

Exploring problem use, discrimination, ethnic identity and social networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte De Kock ◽  
Tom Decorte
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethnic Network

Purpose Possessing a strong ethnic identity and ethnic network are described in some epidemiological literature as moderating factors in the relation between perceived discrimination and varying types of substance use in people with a migration background (PMB). The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively explore problem use, discrimination, ethnic identity and social networks in a small purposive sample of users with a Turkish and Eastern European migration background in Ghent, Belgium. Design/methodology/approach The authors present data retrieved within the framework of a qualitative community-based participatory research study that primarily aims to understand the nature of substance use in PMB. In the secondary analysis, the authors focus on a sub-study examining substance use by people with a Turkish (n=55) and Eastern European (n=62) migration background and explore how individuals perceive discrimination, ethnic identity and (ethnic) social networks in 117 qualitative interviews. Findings Almost all the respondents in this study reported perceived (inter-)ethnic discrimination. The authors establish that problem users in this study have a complex but albeit weak sense of ethnic identity nor do they have a strong ethnic network. This, in combination with perceived discrimination, is a risk factor for continued problem substance use and may hamper recovery related to problem use. Originality/value This article intends to lay the groundwork for future research that should focus more on longitudinally studying the intertwined relation between problem use, discrimination, ethnic identity and especially social instead of solely ethnic networks, their complex nature as well as their relation to recovery processes among persons with a migration background.

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence Among Children and Adolescents in Germany: Data From the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), 2003–2006

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Voigt ◽  
Angelika Schaffrath Rosario ◽  
Annette Mankertz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Serum Samples

Abstract Background.  Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause severe birth defects. The majority of children with congenital CMV are born to CMV-seropositive women; however, transmission from mother to fetus and resulting defects are more likely to occur when mothers experience seroconversion during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to provide a population-based estimate of CMV seropositivity and to identify factors that correlate with the detection of CMV-immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies. Methods.  Cytomegalovirus-specific IgG antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 13 876 serum samples from children and adolescents (aged 1–17 years). Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence was correlated with children's age, gender, migration background, country of origin, place of birth, socioeconomic status, breast feeding, daycare attendance, order and number of siblings, and residence in East versus West Germany. Results.  Age-adjusted seroprevalence was 27.4% (95% confidence interval, 25.8–29.0). Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence increased with age (21.5% at ages 1–2; 32.0% at ages 14–17). Cytomegalovirus seropositivity was significantly associated with migration background, country of origin and place of birth, and (among migrants only) with low socioeconomic status. Risk factors for CMV acquisition included the birth order of siblings, breastfeeding, early daycare attendance, and living in East Germany. Conclusions.  In Germany, CMV seroprevalence increases with age, irrespective of gender. These data highlight risk factors associated with seroprevalence and help to identify a target age for the application of a CMV vaccine.

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