scholarly journals Operationalisation of gender and migration in epidemiological research – a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wandschneider ◽  
S Batram-Zantvoort ◽  
O Razum ◽  
C Miani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Gender as a social construct contributes to determine who migrates and which migration-related risks and opportunities emerge in all phases of the migration trajectory. Simultaneously, migration influences the individual as well as societal definition and perception of gender roles. An explicit gender perspective beyond biological sex in migration-related epidemiological research would contribute to adequately analyse, assess and interpret the health situation of migrants. Methods The systematic review synthesises how gender is conceptualised, operationalised and used for interpretation in migration-related epidemiological research. We search PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, EconLit and PsycINFO as well as the reference lists of the included studies. Eligible studies actively aim to understand, identify or explain the influence of gender on health. Results 20 cross-sectional studies met the eligibility criteria. The majority of studies analysed gender effects on mental health (e.g. depression) and sexual health (e.g. risk behaviour). The majority of the study population is made up of male sexual minorities with Latin American background living in the USA. Gender is mainly operationalised through gender roles, attitudes and gender-based discrimination. These dimensions are mostly conceptualised at the individual level, only a minority of studies applies meso- or macro-level indicators to measure structural gender effects. Discussion We identified research gaps with regard to macro-level mechanisms of gender, immigrant populations in Europe and interactions of migration and gender in epidemiological research. The majority is restricted to sex- or sexual orientation related issues, but this systematic review helps to identify good practice examples that may contribute to the development of a guideline on how to integrate a gender perspective in migration-related epidemiological research. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42019124698

scholarly journals Representation of gender in migrant health studies – a systematic review of the social epidemiological literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Wandschneider ◽  
Stephanie Batram-Zantvoort ◽  
Oliver Razum ◽  
Céline Miani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Gender as a social construct contributes to determine who migrates and which migration-related risks and opportunities emerge in all phases of the migration trajectory. Simultaneously, migration influences the individual as well as societal definition and perception of gender roles. An explicit gender perspective in migration-related epidemiological research can contribute to adequately analyse and interpret the health of migrants. This systematic review gives a comprehensive overview on how gender has been conceptualised, operationalised and measured in social epidemiologic studies aiming to assess the influence of gender on health among migrants. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, EconLit and PsycINFO and conducted backward reference searching. Reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and conducted the quality assessment. Eligible studies actively aimed to understand, identify or explain the influence of gender on migrants’ health, whereby the role of gender can encompass a variety of mechanisms, processes or states of differentiation, discrimination and/or inequality. Results Almost all of the 43 studies were cross-sectional and focussed on health outcomes in the post-migration phase. The most common theme of research was the health of male migrants in the US, and in particular of men who have sex with men (MSM). All studies treated gender as a binary variable (men vs. women), without discussing additional types of gender identities. A minority of studies differentiated clearly between sex and gender. Gender was mostly operationalised through attitudes toward gender roles and gender-based discrimination, experienced at the individual level. Community and societal level gender measures capturing structural gender determinants were underrepresented. Conclusions The intersections of migration and gender suggested synergistic effects on health that only become visible when considering those two social determinants together. Future research needs to embrace a multilevel and non-binary understanding of gender and reflect on the influence of gender in the different phases of the migration journey. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019124698.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of geographic differences in comorbidities and associated severity and mortality among individuals with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Thakur ◽  
Pallavi Dubey ◽  
Joseph Benitez ◽  
Joshua P. Torres ◽  
Sireesha Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

AbstractSeveral comorbidities have been shown to be associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related severity and mortality. However, considerable variation in the prevalence estimates of comorbidities and their effects on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality have been observed in prior studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine geographical, age, and gender related differences in the prevalence of comorbidities and associated severity and mortality rates among COVID-19 patients. We conducted a search using PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE to include all COVID-19 studies published between January 1st, 2020 to July 24th, 2020 reporting comorbidities with severity or mortality. We included studies reporting the confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 on human patients that also provided information on comorbidities or disease outcomes. We used DerSimonian and Laird random effects method for calculating estimates. Of 120 studies with 125,446 patients, the most prevalent comorbidity was hypertension (32%), obesity (25%), diabetes (18%), and cardiovascular disease (16%) while chronic kidney or other renal diseases (51%, 44%), cerebrovascular accident (43%, 44%), and cardiovascular disease (44%, 40%) patients had more COVID-19 severity and mortality respectively. Considerable variation in the prevalence of comorbidities and associated disease severity and mortality in different geographic regions was observed. The highest mortality was observed in studies with Latin American and European patients with any medical condition, mostly older adults (≥ 65 years), and predominantly male patients. Although the US studies observed the highest prevalence of comorbidities in COVID-19 patients, the severity of COVID-19 among each comorbid condition was highest in Asian studies whereas the mortality was highest in the European and Latin American countries. Risk stratification and effective control strategies for the COVID-19 should be done according to comorbidities, age, and gender differences specific to geographical location.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER ROLE ATTITUDES AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Çuhadaroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Study Group ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the relationships between university students and their perceptions of gender roles and epistemological beliefs were investigated. Gender roles are a phenomenon that are determined by culture, and begin to emerge at an early age, which may include some stereotypical behaviors along with a number of attitudes, duties and obligations that the individual is expected to perform as a woman or a man. Epistemological belief is seen as an individual feature of how knowing and learning take place. In this study, a mixed method was used. The quantitative study group consists of 517 students from both universities, while the qualitative study group consists of 85 people. Gender Role Attitudes Scale and Epistemological Beliefs Scale were used to collect quantitative data. In order to obtain qualitative data, participants were given a form consisting of open-ended questions. According to the analyses, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between the participants' epistemological beliefs and gender roles attitudes and, epistemological beliefs were a significant predictor of gender roles attitudes. The results obtained are discussed in line with the existing literature. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Association between organ damage and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e031850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene B Murimi-Worstell ◽  
Dora H Lin ◽  
Henk Nab ◽  
Hong J Kan ◽  
Oluwadamilola Onasanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveAt least half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develop organ damage as a consequence of autoimmune disease or long-term therapeutic steroid use. This study synthesised evidence on the association between organ damage and mortality in patients with SLE.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsElectronic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature for observational (cohort, case-control and cross-sectional) studies published between January 2000 and February 2017. Included studies reported HRs or ORs on the association between organ damage (measured by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) score) and mortality. Study quality was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa assessment. Pooled HRs were obtained using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q (Q) and I2 statistics.ResultsThe search yielded 10 420 articles, from which 21 longitudinal studies were selected. Most studies (85%) were of high quality. For 10 studies evaluating organ damage (SDI) as a continuous variable and reporting HR as a measure of association, a 1-unit increase in SDI was associated with increased mortality; pooled HR was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.24 to 1.44, p<0.001; Q p=0.027, I2=52.1%). Exclusion of one potential outlying study reduced heterogeneity with minimal impact on pooled HR (1.33 (95% CI: 1.25 to 1.42), p<0.001, Q p=0.087, I2=42.0%). The 11 remaining studies, although they could not be aggregated because of their varying patient populations and analyses, consistently demonstrated that greater SDI was associated with increased mortality.ConclusionsOrgan damage in SLE is consistently associated with increased mortality across studies from various countries. Modifying the disease course with effective therapies and steroid-sparing regimens may reduce organ damage, improve outcomes and decrease mortality for patients with SLE.

Evaluation of the Impacts of Chemotherapeutics on Odontogenesis Process: Findings from a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Camila Valente Smith ◽  
Grazyelle Sebrenski da Silva ◽  
Felipe Rodolfo Pereira da Silva ◽  
José Fernando Marques Barcellos ◽  
Silvânia da Conceição Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Oncology Patient ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis study aimed to examine and recognize the impacts of antinoplastic chemotherapeutics on the development of dental germ, employing a systematic review. A retrieving in the literature was carried out, using several medical and scientifical databases (ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MedLine, PubMed, and ScienceDirect), by two investigators separately. In the end of this systematic search, eight articles met the required criteria for inclusion and, therefore, composed the results. Among these, four articles are about observational studies in humans, and the other four about experimental animal studies. In both cases and species, anomalies such as microdontia, hypodontia/agenesia, and root shortening were observed. The severity and frequency varied according to the nature of the chemotherapeutics applied as well as the administered dosage and the patient's age at the time of first exposure. Through the results, it was possible to show the direct impacts of chemotherapy on the odontogenesis process as well as factors such as the type of chemotherapy, the age of the individual at the time of first exposure and the dosage used. All of those should be taken into account when choosing a therapeutic protocol for an oncology patient. Besides, we observed the need for more studies in this area and that these should be standardized in order to allow an objective and direct analysis of comparable parameters, even when different approaches are used.

scholarly journals Does the Use of Reservoirs Have Any Impact on the Efficacy of At-Home Bleaching? A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Claudia Martini ◽  
Sibelli Olivieri Parreiras ◽  
Eric Dario Acuña ◽  
Alessandro Dourado Loguercio ◽  
Alessandra Reis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
At Home

Abstract To answer the following focused question through a systematic review: “Are the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) and bleaching efficacy different between adult patients who undergo at-home bleaching using trays with reservoirs and those who use trays without reservoirs?”. A comprehensive search was performed in the MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, Cochrane Library, and grey literature without restrictions. Abstracts from conferences; unpublished and ongoing trial registries, dissertations and theses (ProQuest Dissertations and Periódicos Capes Theses databases) were searched. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. We used the Risk of Bias tool (RoB) from the Cochrane Collaboration for quality assessment. After the removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening and full-text examination, nine RCTs remained for qualitative analyses. The great majority of the studies did not report the method of randomization, allocation concealment, and examiner blinding during color assessment. From the nine studies, eight were at unclear risk of bias. In regard to color change, four studies reported no change and two reported improved color change with reservoirs. Only four studies recorded tooth sensitivity and they reported no significant differences. Only one study reported greater gingival irritation with reservoirs. Lack of data reporting prevented us from running a meta-analysis. Further well-designed RCT should be conducted to answer this research question. So far there is not evidence to support that reservoirs in bleaching trays improve color change. PROSPERO - CRD42016037628

Do Tooth- and Cavity-related Aspects of Noncarious Cervical Lesions Affect the Retention of Resin Composite Restorations in Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. E124-E140
Author(s):  
AMO Correia ◽  
E Bresciani ◽  
AB Borges ◽  
DM Pereira ◽  
LC Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Composite Restorations

SUMMARY Purpose: The purpose was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the following research question: do tooth- and cavity-related aspects of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) affect the retention of composite restorations? Methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the retention rate of resin restorations in NCCLs were included for the identification and comparison of their characteristics. The search was conducted in PubMed and adapted for Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database (LILACS), Brazilian Library in Dentistry (BBO), Cochrane Library, and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE) without restrictions until July 2018. Unpublished and ongoing trial registries were also searched. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used for assessing risk of bias. The quality of the evidence was graded using the Grading of Recommendations: Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Using the random effects model, a meta-analysis was conducted for each aspect (arch distribution, tooth location, wear facets, dentin sclerosis, shape, size, depth, occluso-gingival distance, and margin location). Results: We retrieved 6738 articles. After removal of duplicates and nonrelevant articles, 24 RCTs remained. The anterior tooth location favored the retention rates of restoration of NCCLs (relative risk [RR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.16). The presence of wear facets is a risk factor for the retention of restorations (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99). The evidence was moderate for arch distribution and low or very low for all other factors because of heterogeneity, imprecision, and inconsistency. Conclusion: The tooth location and the presence of wear facets can affect the retention of composite resins in NCCLs.

scholarly journals Do Nanofilled/Nanohybrid Composites Allow for Better Clinical Performance of Direct Restorations Than Traditional Microhybrid Composites? A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. E191-E209 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Angerame ◽  
M De Biasi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Meta Analyses

SUMMARY This systematic review was carried out to assess the clinical effectiveness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composites used for direct restorations in comparison with microhybrid composites. The guidelines for the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses were followed. A search of articles published from July 1996 to February 2017 was performed in PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, the Scientific Electronic Library Online, and the Cochrane Library. The present review selected only randomized controlled trials comparing the clinical performance of a nanofilled or nanohybrid composite for direct restorations with that of a microhybrid composite. The research found 201 studies. Twenty-one articles fulfilled the criteria of the present review. However, the included studies were characterized by great methodological diversities. As a general trend, nanofilled and nanohybrid composites were found to be capable of clinical performance, marginal quality, and resistance to wear similar to that of traditional composites without showing improved surface characteristics. The risk of bias of included studies was judged unclear or high. The clinical performance of nanofilled/nanohybrid composites was found to be comparable to that of traditional composites in the posterior area. The data concerning anterior and cervical restorations were insufficient. With regard to the esthetic properties, there is a compelling need for studies on anterior teeth in which the operators are kept unaware of the restorative material. Nanofilled/nanohybrid composites seem to be a valid alternative to traditional microhybrid composites, and at the moment, there is low-level evidence attesting a lack of their superiority.

scholarly journals Ear Acupressure for Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Juan Zhong ◽  
Shuqin Liu ◽  
Dan Lai ◽  
Tao Lu ◽  
Yifeng Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background. The treatment effects and safety of ear acupressure (EAP) for patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) have yet to be clarified. Objective. To evaluate the effects and safety of EAP in AR patients. Design. Systematic review of published studies. Methods. A total of 24 English and Chinese databases (PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medical Database), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Informit, ScienceDirect, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences), ProQuest, AMED, Blackwell Synergy, PsycINFO, Panteleimon, AcuBriefs, KoreaMed, IndMed, Ingenta, mRCT, ISI Web of Knowledge, ERIC, VIP Information (http://www.cqvip.com), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (http://www.cnki.net), Cochrane Library, Chinese Cochrane Centre Controlled Trials Register Platform, and Wanfang Chinese Digital Periodical and Conference Database) were searched from their respective inceptions to August 2020 to collect randomized controlled trials of ear acupressure for allergic rhinitis. We performed literature inclusion, data extraction, and trial quality evaluations. Methodological quality was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook. Revman5.3 was used for all analyses. Results. A total of 203 trials were identified and eleven studies involved 1094 participants aged 3–70 years. EAP was better than control group interventions in terms of effectiveness (risk ratio (RR): 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36–0.70; P < 0.0001 ). EAP was superior to sham EAP in terms of improvement of the total nasal symptom score (RR: −0.50; 95% CI: −0.96–0.05; P = 0.03), sneezing score (RR: −0.36; 95% CI: −0.59–0.12; P = 0.003), global QoL score (RR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.04–0.08; P = 0.03), and eye symptom score (RR: −0.36; 95% CI: −0.67–0.05; P = 0.02). Conclusions. Despite the positive results, it is premature to confirm the efficacy of EAP for treating AR. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm safety and efficacy.

scholarly journals Dissecting individual differences in responses to naturalistic stimuli in functional MRI: effects of development and gender

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Di ◽  
Bharat B. Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
List Type ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

AbstractFunctional MRI (fMRI) study of naturalistic conditions, e.g. movie watching, usually focuses on shared responses across subjects. However, individual differences in the responses have been attracting increasing attention in search of group differences or associations with behavioral outcomes. The individual differences have been studied by directly modeling the cross-subject correlation matrix or projecting the relations into a 1-D space. We contend that it is critical to examine whether there are single or multiple consistent components of responses underlying the whole population, because multiple components may undermine the individual relations using the previous methods. We use principal component analysis (PCA) to examine the heterogeneity of brain responses across subjects in terms of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix, and utilize this approach to study developmental trajectories and gender effects in a movie watching dataset. We identified several brain networks in the parietal cortex that showed a significant second principal component (PC) of regional responses, which were mainly represented the younger children. The second PCs in some networks, i.e. the supramarginal network, resembled a delayed version of the first PCs for 4 seconds (2 TR), indicating delayed responses in the younger children than the older children and adults. However, no apparent gender effects were found in the first and second PCs. The analyses highlight the importance of identifying multiple consistent responses underlying individual differences in responses to naturalistic stimuli. And the PCA-based approach could be complementary to the commonly used intersubject correlation analysis.HighlightsThere may be multiple consistent responses among subjects during movie watchingPrincipal component analysis can be used to identify the multiple consistent responsesMany brain regions showed two principal components that were separated by ageYounger children showed delayed response in the supramarginal gyrus and precuneus

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