Assessment of phage-mediated inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium treated with sublethal concentrations of ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gibeom Jeon ◽  
Juhee Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Phage P22 ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Order

ABSTRACT This study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effect of phage (P22) and antibiotic on the inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium exposed to ceftriaxone (CEF) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The effect of phage and antibiotic treatments was evaluated by plaque size, disk diffusion, antibiotic susceptibility and phage multiplication assays. The sequential treatment effect of phage and antibiotic was carried out in different treatment order and time for 12 h at 37°C. P22 plaque sizes were increased by 28 and 71%, respectively, in the presence of CEF and CIP. The clear zone sizes in disk diffusion assay were significantly increased to >37 mm in the presence of CEF and CIP compared to the control (28–31 mm). Pre-treatment with P22 enhanced the antimicrobial effect of CIP, showing >2 log reduction after a 12 h incubation. Phage P22 combined with antibiotics (CEF and CIP) effectively inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium depending on the treatment order and time. These results provide useful information for understanding the synergistic effect of phage and antibiotic treatment which can be an effective option to control antibiotic resistant pathogens.

Synergistic Effect of Thymol and Carvacrol Combined with Chelators and Organic Acids against Salmonella Typhimurium

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1704-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
FENG ZHOU ◽  
BAOPING JI ◽  
HONG ZHANG ◽  
HUI JIANG ◽  
ZHIWEI YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Food Preservatives

To identify synergistic combinations of different food additives, the antimicrobial effects of thymol and carvacrol against Salmonella Typhimurium were assessed alone and in combination with various other preservatives including EDTA, acetic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid. Overall, growth of Salmonella Typhimurium was significantly inhibited in Mueller-Hinton broth containing thymol, carvacrol, EDTA, acetic acid, lactic acid, or citric acid at concentrations of 400 mg/liter, 400 μl/liter, 300 mg/liter, 0.2% (vol/vol), 0.2% (vol/vol), and 0.2% (wt/vol), respectively. The combination of different antimicrobials such as thymol or carvacrol with EDTA, thymol or carvacrol with acetic acid, and thymol or carvacrol with citric acid all resulted in significantly reduced populations of Salmonella Typhimurium. In samples treated with combinations, these antimicrobials had synergistic effects compared with samples treated with thymol, carvacrol, EDTA, acetic acid, or citric acid alone. However, the combined use of lactic acid with thymol or carvacrol did not produce a synergistic effect against Salmonella Typhimurium. Thus, some chelators or organic acids can be used as food preservatives in combination with thymol and carvacrol to reduce the concentrations needed to produce an adequate antimicrobial effect.

Antimicrobial Effect of a Novel Chitosan Derivative and Its Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangyong Si ◽  
Zheng Hou ◽  
Yogesh Shankar Vikhe ◽  
Kishore Reddy Venkata Thappeta ◽  
Kalisvar Marimuthu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Chitosan Derivative

scholarly journals Bacterial cellulose films with ZnO nanoparticles and propolis extracts: Synergistic antimicrobial effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Mocanu ◽  
Gabriela Isopencu ◽  
Cristina Busuioc ◽  
Oana-Maria Popa ◽  
Paul Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cellulose Films ◽  
Trolox Equivalent

AbstractThis study aimed to obtain possible materials for future antimicrobial food packaging applications based on biodegradable bacterial cellulose (BC). BC is a fermentation product obtained by Gluconacetobacter xylinum using food or agricultural wastes as substrate. In this work we investigated the synergistic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and propolis extracts deposited on BC. ZnO NPs were generated in the presence of ultrasounds directly on the surface of BC films. The BC-ZnO composites were further impregnated with ethanolic propolis extracts (EEP) with different concentrations.The composition of raw propolis and EEP were previously determined by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS), while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity). The analysis methods performed on BC-ZnO composites such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo-gravimetrically analysis (TGA), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) proved that ZnO NPs were formed and embedded in the whole structure of BC films. The BC-ZnO-propolis films were characterized by SEM and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) in order to investigate the surface modifications. The antimicrobial synergistic effect of the BC-ZnO-propolis films were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans. The experimental results revealed that BC-ZnO had no influence on Gram-negative and eukaryotic cells.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities in Pistacia atlantica—Aphids Make a Difference!

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Yoram Gerchman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Plants have been explored and used as sources for antimicrobial extract and compounds for many years, but galls—specialized structures forms on such by diversity of organisms—have been explored much less. Aphid galls host many insects in closed, humid and sugar rich environments for long periods. We have tested the antimicrobial properties of Slavum wertheimae aphid galls on Pistacia atlantica. Secondary metabolites were extracted from leaves and galls with organic solvents, and essential oils with Clevenger, and tested by disk diffusion assay and volatile effect on bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results demonstrated that gall extracts/essential oils had much stronger activity against the diversity of bacteria and fungi. The large diversity of galls suggest they could be explored as source for novel compounds.

Soil aquifer treatment using advanced primary effluent

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj K. Sharma ◽  
Mustefa Hussen ◽  
Gary Amy
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sedimentation Basins

Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) using primary effluent (PE) is an attractive option for wastewater treatment and reuse in many developing countries with no or minimal wastewater treatment. One of the main limitations of SAT of PE is rapid clogging of the infiltration basin due to high suspended solid concentrations. Some pre-treatment of PE before infiltration is likely to reduce this limitation, improve performance of SAT and help to implement this technology effectively. The effects of three pre-treatment options namely sedimentation (SED), coagulation (COAG) and horizontal roughing filtration (HRF) on SAT were analyzed by conducting laboratory-scale batch and soil column experiments. The sedimentation and coagulation pre-treatments led to less head loss development and reduction of clogging effect. The head loss development in soil column using PE + COAG and PE + SED was reduced by 85 and 72%, respectively, compared to PE alone without any pre-treatment. The overall dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of pre-treatments and soil column collectively were 34, 44, 51 and 43.5% for PE without any pre-treatment, PE + SED, PE + COAG and PE + HRF, respectively. Coagulation pre-treatment of PE was found to be the most effective option in terms of suspended solids, DOC and nitrogen removal. Sedimentation pre-treatment of PE could be attractive where land is relatively less expensive for the construction of sedimentation basins.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils Against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)/Carbapenamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria Involved in Human Nosocomial Infections

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Iseppi ◽  
Alessandro Di Cerbo ◽  
Piero Aloisi ◽  
Mattia Manelli ◽  
Veronica Pellesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

The aim of this study was to analyze the antibacterial activity of four essential oils (EOs), Melaleuca alternifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha piperita, and Thymus vulgaris, in preventing the development and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. A total of 60 strains were obtained from the stock collection from the Microbiology Laboratory of Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy. Twenty ESBL-producing E. coli, 5 K. pneumoniae, 13 KPC-producing K. pneumoniae, and 20 MBL-producing P. aeruginosa were cultured and reconfirmed as ESBL and carbapenamase producers. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance (ESBL and KPC/MBL). Antibacterial activity of the EOs was determined using the agar disk diffusion assay, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also evaluated. Lastly, adhesion capability and biofilm formation on polystyrene and glass surfaces were studied in 24 randomly selected strains. M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs showed the best antibacterial activity against all tested strains and, as revealed by agar disk diffusion assay, M. alternifolia was the most effective, even at low concentrations. This effect was also confirmed by MICs, with values ranging from 0.5 to 16 µg/mL and from 1 to 16 µg/mL, for M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs, respectively. The EOs’ antibacterial activity compared to antibiotics confirmed M. alternifolia EO as the best antibacterial agent. T. vulgaris EO also showed a good antibacterial activity with MICs lower than both reference antibiotics. Lastly, a significant anti-biofilm activity was observed for the two EOs (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 for M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs, respectively). A good antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs against all selected strains was observed, thus demonstrating a future possible use of these EOs to treat infections caused by ESBL/carbapenemase-producing strains, even in association with antibiotics.

scholarly journals Inactivation of Multi-Drug Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella and Wild-Type Escherichia coli STEC Using Organic Acids: A Potential Alternative to the Food Industry

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Vinicius Silva Castro ◽  
Yhan da Silva Mutz ◽  
Denes Kaic Alves Rosario ◽  
Adelino Cunha-Neto ◽  
Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction

Salmonella and Escherichia coli are the main bacterial species involved in food outbreaks worldwide. Recent reports showed that chemical sanitizers commonly used to control these pathogens could induce antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the efficiency of chemical sanitizers and organic acids when inactivating wild and clinical strains of Salmonella and E. coli, targeting a 4-log reduction. To achieve this goal, three methods were applied. (i) Disk-diffusion challenge for organic acids. (ii) Determination of MIC for two acids (acetic and lactic), as well as two sanitizers (quaternary compound and sodium hypochlorite). (iii) The development of inactivation models from the previously defined concentrations. In disk-diffusion, the results indicated that wild strains have higher resistance potential when compared to clinical strains. Regarding the models, quaternary ammonium and lactic acid showed a linear pattern of inactivation, while sodium hypochlorite had a linear pattern with tail dispersion, and acetic acid has Weibull dispersion to E. coli. The concentration to 4-log reduction differed from Salmonella and E. coli in acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite. The use of organic acids is an alternative method for antimicrobial control. Our study indicates the levels of organic acids and sanitizers to be used in the inactivation of emerging foodborne pathogens.

scholarly journals Genomic structure of phage F22, a hybrid between serologically and morphologically unrelatedSalmonella typhimuriumbacteriophages P22 andFels 2

1986 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuto Yamamoto ◽  
Robert J. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Homologous Region ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Marker Rescue ◽  
Early Genes ◽  
Late Genes ◽  
Protein Coat ◽  
Phage P22 ◽  
Salmonella Phage

SummarySalmonella typhimuriumphage P22 can recombine with a serologically and morphologically unrelated Salmonella phageFels 2to yield the hybrid phage F22 at a frequency of about 10−12. F22 has inherited the entire late genes (protein coat and tail structural genes) ofFels 2but carries some P22 early genes. P22 genes in the F22 phage were indentified by marker rescue of various P22 mutants. The F22 genome carries thex-erf-c-18-12segment of the P22 genome. A number of P22 amber mutants were also tested to support these data. The F22 region homologous to P22 was mapped by scoring the ratio of P22 backcross recombinant types in lysates of F22 lysogens superinfected with P22c2ts12. The ratio of the distances between these markers and the ends of the homologous region was determined. Furthermore a new F22 hybrid designated F22dis, containing both P22 immunity regions (candIm), was isolated at a frequency of about 10−4by superinfecting F22 lysogens with P22. F22disphage has lost someFels 2gene(s) which have been replaced by the P22 segment containing theImregion, resulting in formation of a defective hybrid phage.

IB-367 pre-treatment improves the in vivo efficacy of teicoplanin and daptomycin in an animal model of wounds infected with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1552-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Carmela Silvestri ◽  
Elisa Pierpaoli ◽  
Alessandra Barucca ◽  
Wojciech Kamysz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Leukocyte Populations ◽  
Nk Cytotoxicity

Antimicrobial peptides are known as immunomodulators and antibiotic enhancers. We report that administration of an antimicrobial peptide, IB-367, was efficacious in increasing the antimicrobial activity of daptomycin and teicoplanin in a mouse model of wound infection caused by meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Mice were assigned to seven groups: an IB-367 pre-treated group with no antibiotics given after challenge, two IB-367 pre-treated groups plus daptomycin or teicoplanin given after challenge, two groups treated with daptomycin or teicoplanin only after challenge, and two control groups without infection or that did not receive any treatment. The main outcome measures were quantitative bacterial culture and analysis of natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity and leukocyte phenotype. The wound, established through the panniculus carnosus muscle of mice, was infected by MRSA. Bacterial cultures of mice receiving antibiotics alone showed a −2 log decrease, whilst those for IB-367 plus daptomycin or teicoplanin showed a −4 log decrease. IB-367 plus daptomycin showed the highest efficacy. The higher antimicrobial effect exerted by IB-367 was associated with increased levels of NK cytotoxicity but not of NK cell number. IB-367 increased the number of both CD11b and Gr-1 cells 3 days after MRSA challenge, whereas both of these leukocyte populations were reduced at 10 days after challenge. Our data suggest that a combination of IB-367 with antibiotic exerts a therapeutic effect and may be useful for the management of staphylococcal wounds.

Evaluation of Additional Cooking Procedures To Achieve Lethality Microbiological Performance Standards for Large, Intact Meat Products

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1741-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. HANEKLAUS ◽  
K. B. HARRIS ◽  
M. P. CUERVO ◽  
O. I. ILHAK ◽  
L. M. LUCIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Fully Cooked ◽  
Inspection Service

The U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) has a specific lethality performance standard for ready-to-eat products. To assist meat processing establishments in meeting the performance standard, USDA-FSIS developed Appendix A, which provides guidelines for cooking temperatures, times, and relative humidity. This project determined whether the USDA-FSIS performance standards for lethality were met when using parameters other than those identified in Appendix A to cook large hams and beef inside rounds. The effects of alternative lethality parameters on the reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium and coliforms and on the toxin production of Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. Large (9- to 12-kg) cured bone-in hams (n = 80) and large (8- to 13-kg) uncured beef inside rounds (n = 80) were used in this study. The products were subjected to 1 of 10 treatments defined by combinations of final internal product temperatures (48.9, 54.4, 60.0, 65.6, or 71.1°C) and batch oven relative humidities (50 or 90%). For all treatments, at least a 6.5-log reduction in Salmonella Typhimurium was achieved. The coliform counts were also substantially reduced for both hams and rounds. Across all treatments for both products, S. aureus toxin production was not detected. The relative humidity did not alter the lethality effectiveness for any of the treatments. The final internal temperatures and relative humidity combinations used in this project achieved the lethality performance standard established by USDA-FSIS for fully cooked, ready-to-eat products.

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