scholarly journals Maze Test Score Adjustments When Using Non-Dominant Hand in Fitness-To-Drive Assessments

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
Carolyn Unsworth ◽  
Gemma Hext ◽  
Anne Baker ◽  
Matthew Browne
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Fitness To Drive ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Adjusted Scores ◽  
Health Impairments ◽  
Completion Times

Abstract Older drivers with health impairments may be required to undertake fitness-to-drive assessments. Scores on the Occupational Therapy-Drive Home Maze Test (OT-DHMT) can contribute to fitness-to-drive recommendations. The OT-DHMT is a short, timed maze test that has been shown to be valid and reliable, and norms are available for completion with a driver’s dominant hand. However, the validity of a person’s score when using their non-dominant hand to complete the test, for example following stroke, is unknown. This study aimed to determine if a person’s OT-DHMT score time (in seconds) requires adjustment when completed with a non-dominant hand. The OT-DHMT was administered with a normative sample of 150 participants, aged 21-81 years (mean=48.6,SD=19.38). Overall, OT-DHMT score times were significantly faster when using a dominant (M=15.73) compared with non-dominant (M=17.64) hand, d=1.91 (CI 1.13, 2.69), t= 4.84,p< .01. Employing a generalised weighted least squares regression model indicated that multiplying a driver’s non-dominant hand time by .833 seconds for drivers aged ≤60, and by .929 seconds for drivers aged 61+ can approximate dominant hand completion times. Adjusted scores can then be compared against normed scores to aid fitness-to-drive recommendations. The adjustment required for people aged ≤60 is larger than for older people, reinforcing previous findings that younger people have faster OT-DHMT completion times. These findings support the clinical utility and vaildity of using the OT-DHMT with older people undergoing fitness-to-drive assessment who may be required to use their non-dominant hand due to conditions such as stroke, arthritis or amputation.

scholarly journals Reference values and factors associated with hand grip strength among older adults living in southeastern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej ◽  
Agnieszka Ćwirlej-Sozańska ◽  
Justyna Kilian ◽  
Natalia Wołoszyn ◽  
Bernard Sozański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractHandgrip strength (HGS) is used as a biomarker for the state of health of older people, but the number of research publications containing the normative values of HGS in older adult populations is limited. The aim of the study was to define reference values and factors associated with HGS in older adults living in southeastern Poland. A cross-sectional study including 405 participants aged 65 and older was conducted. Handgrip strength for the dominant hand was assessed by the average of three trials using a JAMAR dynamometer. The sample was categorized into the following age groups: 65–69 years, 70–74 years, 75–79 years, 80–84 years, 85 and over. The average HGS was 19.98 kg (16.91 kg for women and 26.19 kg for men). There was a decrease in handgrip strength across the age range in both sexes. The average handgrip strength of the older people was 17.97 kg (14.47 kg for women and 25.66 kg for men) for those aged 80–85 and 16.68 kg (13.51 kg for women and 21.77 kg for men) in the group over 85 years old. In both sexes, marital status was an independent factor associated with reduced handgrip strength. In conclusion, this study described, for the first time, handgrip strength values for the southeastern Polish population aged ≥ 65 years according to age and gender.

Modeling and Interpretation of Tidal Turbine Vibration Through Weighted Least Squares Regression

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1252-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant S. Galloway ◽  
Victoria M. Catterson ◽  
Craig Love ◽  
Andrew Robb ◽  
Thomas Fay
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Tidal Turbine

Are the saving decision patterns of bank customers also clouded by psychological biases? Evidence from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Emmanuel Tetteh ◽  
Christopher Boachie
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Saving Decisions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis paper attempts to investigate the influence of psychological biases on saving decision-making of bank customers in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachIt employs weighted least squares regression to test the effect of psychological biases on savings decisions of bank customers.FindingsThe findings show that all the nine psychological biases, namely mental accounting, availability, loss aversion, representativeness, anchoring, overconfidence, status quo, framing effect and disposition effect employed for the study have a significant influence on saving decision of bank customers. The results depict that psychological biases are entrenched in the saving pattern of bank customers in Ghana.Practical implicationsFor policy purposes, the study recommends that bank customers need to enhance their knowledge of psychological biases in order to improve their gains from savings, and not to fall prey to these prejudices. The satisfied customer is a dependable source of bank viability and survival.Originality/valueTo the best of the knowledge of the author, this study provides the first empirical evidence of the influence of psychological biases on saving decisions of bank customers in Ghana. The findings of this study will enhance knowledge on the influence of psychological biases on individual decision-making and will accentuate the fact that the individual is not an entirely rational being.

scholarly journals Tolerance Intervals in a Heteroscedastic Linear Regression Context with Applications to Aerospace Equipment Surveillance

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Myhre ◽  
Daniel R. Jeske ◽  
Michael Rennie ◽  
Yingtao Bi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tolerance Intervals ◽  
Power Of The Test

A heteroscedastic linear regression model is developed from plausible assumptions that describe the time evolution of performance metrics for equipment. The inherited motivation for the related weighted least squares analysis of the model is an essential and attractive selling point to engineers with interest in equipment surveillance methodologies. A simple test for the significance of the heteroscedasticity suggested by a data set is derived and a simulation study is used to evaluate the power of the test and compare it with several other applicable tests that were designed under different contexts. Tolerance intervals within the context of the model are derived, thus generalizing well-known tolerance intervals for ordinary least squares regression. Use of the model and its associated analyses is illustrated with an aerospace application where hundreds of electronic components are continuously monitored by an automated system that flags components that are suspected of unusual degradation patterns.

scholarly journals Analysis of Caesarean Section Rates Using the Robson Classification System at a University Hospital in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Vila-Candel ◽  
Anna Martín ◽  
Ramón Escuriet ◽  
Enrique Castro-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Javier Soriano-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Robson Classification ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 2

Background: The WHO recommends the use of the Robson ten-group classification system (RTGCS) as an effective monitoring and analysis tool to assess the use of caesarean sections (CS). The present study aimed to conduct an analysis of births using the RTGCS in La Ribera University Hospital over nine years and to assess the levels and trends of CS births. Methods: Retrospective study between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018. All eligible women were allocated in RTGCS to determine the absolute and relative contribution made by each group to the overall CS rate; linear regression and weighted least squares regression analysis were used to analyze trends over time. The risk of CS of women with induced versus spontaneous onset of labor was calculated with an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% CI. Results: 16,506 women gave birth during the study period, 19% of them by CS. Overall, 20.4% of women were in group 1 (nulliparous, singleton cephalic, term, spontaneous labor), 29.4% in group 2 (nulliparous, singleton cephalic, term, induced labor or caesarean before labor), and 12.8% in group 4 (multiparous, singleton cephalic, term, induced or caesarean delivery before labor) made the most significant contributions to the overall rate of CS; Conclusions: In our study, Robson Groups 1, 2, and 4, were identified as the main contributors to the hospital’s overall CS rate. The RTGCS provides an easy way of collecting information about the CS rate, is a valuable clinical method that allows standardized comparison of data, and time point, and identifies the groups driving changes in CS rates.

Assessing the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program Risk Calculator in Cholecystectomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Imran ◽  
Oswaldo Renteria ◽  
Maria Ruiz ◽  
Thai H. Pham ◽  
Ali A. Mokdad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Quality Improvement Program ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Risk Calculator ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Surgical Quality ◽  
C Statistic

The Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) risk calculator has been validated for several operations but has not been assessed specifically for cholecystectomy. Our aim was to externally validate the VASQIP calculator's accuracy in predicting 30-day morbidity and mortality (M&M) for patients undergoing cholecystectomy. A retrospective review of patients undergoing cholecystectomy at the North Texas Veterans Affairs hospital was performed. The VASQIP risk calculator was used to determine predicted 30-day M&M, which was compared with actual M&M. The predictive accuracy of the Veterans Affairs risk calculator was assessed using the C-statistic and a graphical assessment of a locally weighted least squares regression smoother. Overall, 848 patients were included in the study. Actual M&M were 6.3 and 0.94 per cent, respectively, whereas predicted M&M were 6.0 and 0.54 per cent. The C-statistic was 0.75 for morbidity and 0.78 for mortality. In our analysis, the VASQIP risk calculator reasonably predicted 30-day M&M.

A Comparison of Accuracy Based on Data Imputation between Unconstrained Structural Equation Modeling and Weighted Least Squares Regression

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 730-733
Author(s):  
Narong Phothi ◽  
Somchai Prakancharoen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Data Imputation ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Waveform Generator ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Testing Group

This research proposed a comparison of accuracy based on data imputation between unconstrained structural equation modeling (Uncon-SEM) and weighted least squares (WLS) regression. This model is developed by University of California, Irvine (UCI) and measured using the mean magnitude of relative error (MMRE). Experimental data set is created using the waveform generator that contained 21 indicators (1,200 samples) and divided into two groups (1,000 for training and 200 for testing groups). In fact, training group was analyzed by three main factors (F1, F2, and F3) for creating the models. The result of the experiment show MMRE of Uncon-SEM method based on the testing group is 34.29% (accuracy is 65.71%). In contrast, WLS method produces MMRE for testing group is 55.54% (accuracy is 44.46%). So, Uncon-SEM is high accuracy and MMRE than WLS method that is 21.25%.

scholarly journals Association between selenium levels and oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk: evidence from a meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Hong ◽  
Lihong Huang ◽  
Ning Mao ◽  
Tao Xiong ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Selenium Level ◽  
Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

Quantification of the association between selenium and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is still conflicting. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to explore the relationship between selenium levels and OAC risk. PubMed and Web of Knowledge were searched for the related articles. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from random effects models were calculated. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were conducted. Dose–response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline and variance-weighted least squares regression analysis. Five articles involving 748 OAC cases were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results suggest that higher selenium level was not significantly associated with the risk of OAC (summary RRs=1.08, 95% CIs=0.84–1.39, I2=0%). Besides, no significant association was found in case-control studies (summary RRs=1.13, 95% CIs=0.84–1.52, I2=0%) or cohort studies (summary RRs=0.99, 95% CIs=0.55–1.78, I2=32.6%). A linear dose–response relationship was attested that an increase in dietary selenium intake of 10 μg/day is marginally associated with 1% increase in the risk of developing OAC (summary RRs=1.01, 95% CIs=0.99–1.03), but not statistically significant. No publication bias was found. In conclusion, our analysis indicated that a higher selenium level was not significantly associated with the risk of OAC. The relevant further studies are warranted.

scholarly journals On the Conditional and Unconditional Type I Error Rates and Power of Tests in Linear Models with Heteroscedastic Errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Rosopa ◽  
Alice M. Brawley ◽  
Theresa P. Atkinson ◽  
Stephen A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Type I ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Type I Error Rates ◽  
Power Of Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heteroscedastic Errors

Preliminary tests for homoscedasticity may be unnecessary in general linear models. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, results suggest that when testing for differences between independent slopes, the unconditional use of weighted least squares regression and HC4 regression performed the best across a wide range of conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document