scholarly journals Cognitive Aging in the United States and Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 573-574
Author(s):  
Sunshine Rote ◽  
Jacqueline Angel ◽  
Fernando Torres-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Healthy Immigrant Effect ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The Latino population is rapidly aging, with the number of adults 65 and older expected to increase by more than six times to 17.5 million by 2050. Mexico’s population is also aging and will increase by 227 percent over the next 25 years. We focus on the consequences of rising longevity and increasing numbers of older Latinos living with dementia both in the U.S. and in Mexico. Providing cost-effective and appropriate services to aging Latinos with dementia will require a clear understanding of the intra-diversity among this group in different social and national circumstances. The purpose of this symposium is the understand how migration between and within countries and other social and health factors (e.g., diabetes) impact risk for cognitive impairment and dementia using three national datasets: the HRS, MHAS, and HEPESE. Four paper presentations and one discussant will examine several thematic issues as they relate to cognitive aging for Latinos, including: (1) cross-national estimates of dementia prevalence in Mexico and the U.S.; (2) the healthy immigrant effect and health convergence hypothesis for cognitive impairment for Latinos in the U.S. and Mexico; and (3) implications of these trends for long-term care service needs for Latinos living with dementia in the U.S. and Mexico. The resulting discussion will provide new empirical and theoretical insights on the determinants of cognitive aging for this population. It will also inform debates and aid in implementing innovative strategies and solutions to mitigate risk for impairment and improve dementia care for older Latinos.

scholarly journals What Does “Managed Long Term Care Service” Mean in the United States? A Concept Analysis From a Case Manager’s Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 108482232096961
Author(s):  
Kyungmi Woo
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Core Components ◽  
The Right

This study aimed to examine the concept of Managed Long Term Care service from a care manager’s perspective. The Walker and Avant concept analysis approach was applied. The defining attributes include (1) chronic disease or disability, (2) coordination of care, and (3) services. Core components of Managed Long Term Care service were found to be a network of providers and capitation. A conceptual model of Managed Long Term Care service was developed with Managed Long Term Care service operationally defined as “a program with a set of services delivered to patients who have a chronic illness or disability and wish to stay safe and healthy at home in the community. The services or benefits are coordinated by a care manager who serves as a point of contact for the patient and provider(s), and are delivered by providers in the network.” Care management is a core concept of Managed Long Term Care. The triple aims of Managed Long Term Care are to deliver the right care at the right time at the right cost to Managed Long Term Care eligible patients. This paper sought to illuminate and clarify varied perspectives on the concept of Managed Long Term Care service. Without a clear understanding of a community-based service or program, delivery of nursing care may be less effective. This study was the first to examine this widely used but often imprecisely defined community health service from a case manager’s point of view.

Construction of Essential Care Service Package for People Living with Dementia in Smoke-free Environment under Disease Pandemic in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-325
Author(s):  
Tongda Sun ◽  
Hongdao Meng ◽  
Mingze Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxin Dong ◽  
Naidan Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Service Package ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Different Levels

Objectives: In recent years, the harm of smoking has attracted more and more public attention. Creating a healthy smoke-free environment has been widely favored and supported by the public. Smokeless environment has a certain positive effect on the rehabilitation of dementia patients. Sustained smoking cessation is associated with significantly decreased the future prevalence of dementia. Therefore, hospitals often establish a special organizational structure and management model for tobacco control, and carry out training and assessment for all staff. The nursing group also took it as the basic nursing standard. The 2019 disease pandemic has posed unique health threats to people living with dementia (PLWD). Therefore, a strict smoke-free environment is more necessary for the nursing group. One of the key challenges is scaling up long-term care services to meet the needs of the rapidly growing population of PLWD in developing countries. The aim of the study is to explore the care service needs, utilization and build an essential care service package (ECSP) for PLWD under the disease pandemic in China. Methods: From July 2018 to October 2019, a total of 1255 elderly with dementia in six cities in China by a cluster sampling were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire. Care service needs and utilization for PLWD with different levels of cognitive impairment were summarized. Results: The ECSP for PLWD was composed of 30 service items (7 for core care) in order to guarantee that all PLWD enjoy equal care services, basing on public financing and implementing strategies and taking China's situations into account. The selection plan for ECSP at different levels is designed as 'General Care Services + Selective Care Services ', in which respective service items for low, mid, and high-level care for PLWD are 7+3, 7+6, and 7+10, and requires 151.41 hours, 201.88 hours, and 252.35 hours per month, respectively. Conclusion: The present study provides the first large-scale data on care service needs and utilization for PLWD in mainland China. The ECSP for PLWD based on the needs advanced in the paper was a practicable and effective quantitative management means that deserves a large-scale application. Some safeguard mechanisms and operational implementing pathways of ECSP for PLWD during and after the disease pandemic in China are proposed.

Deploying Carbon Capture and Storage in Europe and the United States: A Comparative Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Gibbons ◽  
Elizabeth JI. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Term Care ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The U.S

AbstractCarbon capture and storage could play an important role as a near-term bridging technology, enabling deep reductions from greenhouse gas emissions while still allowing use of inexpensive fossil fuels. However, filling this technological promise requires resolution of key regulatory and legal uncertainties surrounding both human and ecological health, integration within a larger climate policy, and clear assignment of responsibility and liability for long-term care. Deployment of CCS projects in the European Union (E.U.) and the United States (U.S.) may be technologically similar, but will be contextually different. In this paper, we explore the existing energy, policy, regulatory and legal climates that will necessitate different approaches for deployment. The high U.S. dependence on coal makes CCS very important if the U.S. is to achieve deep emissions reductions, while in the E.U. an established climate policy, the importance of off shore projects, and a supportive political climate are favorable to CCS deployment. Additionally, in Europe, regulators must clarify the classification of CO2 within E.U. and international regulations governing on and offshore projects, whereas in the U.S. subsurface property rights, abandoned wells, and state-level jurisdictional difference will play important roles.

Overview of the U.S. Program for Reduction of Earthquake Hazards in Steel Moment-Frame Structures

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Mahin ◽  
James O. Malley ◽  
Ronald O. Hamburger ◽  
Michael Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Guideline Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Design And Construction

Considerable research has been conducted worldwide to assess the unexpected damage to welded steel moment-frame buildings during the 1989 Loma Prieta, 1994 Northridge, and 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquakes, as well as to find effective and economical remedies that can be incorporated into analysis, design, and construction practices. A major six-year program has been undertaken with the sponsorship of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to synthesize and interpret the results of this research, and to conduct additional investigations to develop reliable, practical, and cost-effective guidelines for the design and construction of new steel moment-frame structures, as well as for the inspection, evaluation and repair or upgrading of existing ones. Topics investigated as part of this program include (1) performance of steel buildings in past earthquakes; (2) material properties and fracture issues; (3) joining and inspection; (4) connection performance; (5) system performance; (6) performance prediction and evaluation; and (7) social, economic, and political impacts. The project utilizes a performance-based engineering framework and addresses issues pertaining to various types of steel moment-resisting frames including those utilizing welded, bolted, and partially restrained connections. The guidelines are applicable to regions of low, medium, and high seismicity throughout the United States. This paper reviews the overall organization and management of this program of research, guideline development, training and peer evaluation, the scope of the investigations undertaken, and the general organization and contents of the guidelines developed.

scholarly journals Problem ponoszenia kosztów związanych ze starzeniem się społeczeństwa – analiza na przykładzie domów pomocy społecznej w gminie miejskiej Szczecin

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Giezek ◽  
Rafał Iwański ◽  
Marta Kożybska ◽  
Paulina Zabielska ◽  
Monika Paszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Dependent Elderly

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Selected aspects of securing the needs of dependent elderly persons by the social assistance sector from the perspective of law, society and economics, are presented in the article.The purpose of the article is to evaluate the sources of funding full-time long-term care services for the benefit of dependent elderly persons in Szczecin.Materials and methods: The analysis was based on statistical and financial data concerning the costs of maintenance in nursing homes in Szczecin provided for the benefit of dependent persons aged over 65.Results: Currently, the main costs of securing full-time care service needs fulfilled by social assistance institutions are borne by the city, which covers more than half of the expenses connected with care. One third of the cost is covered by the seniors themselves, while the involvement of families in payments does not exceed 5%.Conclusions: A reduction in the number of working age persons, increases in the number of elderly persons, an increasing demand for long-term care facilities, rising average annual costs of maintenance in nursing homes and the very low participation of families in those costs all result in the need to allocate greater amounts of funds in city budgets for providing care for dependent persons aged over 65.

scholarly journals Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan in the Documents of J. Carter Administration

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
Olexandr Koval ́kov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Carter Administration ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
The U.S

The article examines the documents of Jimmy Carter Administration (1977-1981) published in «Foreign Relations of the United States» series that represent the U.S. position on the Soviet intervention in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in December 1979. The author argues that the growing Soviet presence and finally a military intervention in Afghanistan was taken seriously in the United States and made Washington watch the developments in this country closely. The Soviet intervention in Afghanistan became one of the major themes in the U.S. foreign policy. It was presented in a large array of documents of various origins, such as the Department of State correspondence with the U.S. Embassies in Afghanistan and the Soviet Union; analytical reports of the Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency, and Bureau of Intelligence and Research; exchanges of memorandums between National Security Council officers and other officials; memos from National Security Adviser Z. Brzezinski to J. Carter, and others. They represented the preconditions, preparations and implementation of Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. The authors of the documents discussed in details the possible motives of the Soviet leaders, and predicted the short-term consequences of the USSR’s intervention for the region and the whole world. Due to the clear understanding of the developments in Afghanistan in December 1979 by the J. Carter administration, it completely rejected the Soviet official version of them that adversely affected the bilateral Soviet-U.S. relations and international relations in general. Due to the lack of accessible Soviet sources on the USSR’s intervention in Afghanistan, the documents of Jimmy Carter’s administration fill this gap and constitute a valuable source for a researcher.

scholarly journals Strange Bedfellows: Coordinating Medicare and Medicaid to Achieve Cost-Effective Care for Patients with the Greatest Health Needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 3671-3674
Author(s):  
Arielle Elmaleh-Sachs ◽  
Eric C. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Health Plans ◽  
Integrate Care ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Dual Eligible ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis perspective describes federal efforts in the United States (U.S.) to integrate care for an especially complex, vulnerable, and costly patient population: adults eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid insurance. The goal of the paper is to demystify for clinical policy leaders and practicing clinicians the origins and evolution of the Dual-Eligible Special Needs Plans (D-SNPs) recently permanently authorized by the U.S. Congress and to explore the potential for these policy changes to help such health plans improve care for the sickest and most vulnerable Americans.

Social Workers’ Impact on Policy Through Regulations: A Case Study of the U.S. Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801732110103
Author(s):  
Susanny J Beltran ◽  
Vivian J Miller ◽  
Tyrone Hamler
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
The U.S

Summary Involvement in the political process in the United States is critical for social work professionals, as social policies dictate funding and programming in social work practice. Yet, there is little to no focus given to the regulation writing process in the social work literature in the United States. This article contributes to the scant body of knowledge that addresses the regulatory process from a social work perspective. A brief overview of the regulation writing process is provided, followed by a case study using the regulations for the U.S. Older Americans Act Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program to illustrate the process. Findings A total of 85 comments, submitted to the Federal Register docket, were analyzed using content analysis. Findings reveal that comment submissions varied greatly in terms of length, source, and input. Notably, findings indicate low participation from the social work profession. Application The open comment period of the regulation writing process offers a free, but effortful, window of opportunity for social workers to engage in post-legislative advocacy. There is a need to support the involvement of the social work profession in the regulation writing process, through practice and training enhancements.

scholarly journals East Meets West: Developing Support Systems to Meet the Diverse Needs of Older Adults in the United States and in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 583-583
Author(s):  
Bei Wu ◽  
Jiehua Lu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
The U.S

Abstract With the rapid growth of the aging population around the world, developing support systems for older adults has become increasingly important. It is crucial for researchers， educators, policy makers to share their experience and knowledge to initiate innovative and supportive programs and services that will meet the challenges of the aging population. The East meets West Forum is a platform that researchers from the Gerontological Society of America and the Chinese Association for Gerontology and Geriatrics established in 2017. Previously, the East meets West Forum focused on the issues of the long-term care (LTC) workforce, LTC services, and programs for older adults in the U.S and in China. In this session, we include four presentations (two from the U.S. and two from China) that focus on a broader area of support systems, beyond LTC, that would meet the diverse needs of older adults from housing, wellness visits, family caregiving system, to end of life care. More specially, it includes: 1) expand housing services for low-income older adults; 2) strengthen family support systems and promote intergenerational support; 3) develop a comprehensive program for early detection and treatment of dementia at primary care settings; and 4) examine diversity in the family care patterns for the oldest old. This session provides opportunities for aging researchers/educators from two countries to share their knowledge and experience on developing supportive systems for older adults and their families. It also provides policy discussions on improving health and family caregiver support services in these two countries.

scholarly journals Reversal of Cognitive Aging through Enhancement of Cardiac Output

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Achievable Goal ◽  
The U.S

Cognitive aging is a progressive condition leading to dementia, a condition which is now the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S., as well as being among the most expensive healthcare conditions to manage. With over 5 million affected in the U.S. alone, the annual costs to the Medicare/Medicaid system exceeds $200 billion, and with the rising age of the population, annual costs of dementia care are expected to exceed $500 billion by 2040. As there is no cure for dementia, a consensus has formed that a more pragmatic goal of research should be developing interventions capable of slowing or preventing cognitive aging. We propose that this is a readily achievable goal. Cognitive impairment is closely linked to cerebral perfusion, and cerebral perfusion is a function of cardiac output. In turn, cardiac output is completely dependent on venous return, which in the upright human, relies on adequate soleus muscle activity. As modern adults rarely squat, which is necessary for maintaining the soleus muscle, soleus insufficiency develops early in adulthood in most people. However, soleus muscle insufficiency can be reversed, resulting in improved cardiac output, cerebral perfusion, and the prevention of cognitive aging.

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