scholarly journals Can We Simplify Aging?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 666-666
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ukraintseva ◽  
Anatoliy Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Delayed Recovery

Abstract Aging is indeed a complex process, but can it be simplified, so we could efficiently prioritize candidate anti-aging interventions and select those with largest impacts on key negative consequence of the aging, i.e., on increases in mortality risk and comorbidities with age? Here we argue that human aging and its negative consequences for health and lifespan are essentially driven by the interplay among three processes: (i) depletion of limited body reserves (e.g., of stem, immune, neural, muscle cells); (ii) inherent deficiency of cell/tissue repair mechanisms, which leads to accumulation of damage, allostatic load, and systems dysregulation; and (iii) general slowdown of physiological processes in the body (such as metabolism, proliferation and information processing) with age that results in slower responses to stressors and delayed recovery after damage (i.e., decline in resilience), which in turn contributes to increase in vulnerability to death with age. We show that the interplay among these processes can have ambivalent effects on health and longevity that should be taken into account to develop optimal anti-aging and pro-longevity strategies. In order to be efficient on the long-term, the anti-aging interventions may need to target the different causes of aging (reserve depletion, damage accumulation, and slowdown) simultaneously, to avoid undesirable trade-offs.

Environments, Past and Present

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Duckworth ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Flight Response ◽  
Fight Or Flight Response ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fight Or Flight

For more than a century, scientists have known that acute stress activates the fight-or-flight response. When your life is on the line, your body reacts instantly: your heart races, your breath quickens, and a cascade of hormones sets off physiological changes that collectively improve your odds of survival. More recently, scientists have come to understand that the fight-or-flight response takes a toll on the brain and the body—particularly when stress is chronic rather than acute. Systems designed to handle transient threats also react to stress that occurs again and again, for weeks, months, or years. It turns out that poverty, abuse, and other forms of adversity repeatedly activate the fight-or-flight response, leading to long-term effects on the immune system and brain, which in turn increase the risk for an array of illnesses, including asthma, diabetes, arthritis, depression, and cardiovascular disease. Pioneering neuroscientist Bruce McEwen called this burden of chronic stress “allostatic load.”

scholarly journals La teoría de la alóstasis como mecanismo explicativo entre los apegos inseguros y la vulnerabilidad a enfermedades crónicas

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Mariantonia Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Stress Regulation ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
The Impact

The attachment bond has been proven to be a vulnerability factor for chronic diseases. This article seeks to clarify this relationship by the theory of allostasis. Allostasis theory refers to the regulation of complex physiological processes by systemic response in the body maintaining physiological stability when a person is confronted by challenges. The insecure attachments confront children from his first years with stressful events, by failing to provide security, fundamental purpose of attachment. In this way insecure attachments could impact the calibration of the stress system in the early age and would be factors that increases the allostatic load by a larger number of stressful life events compare to people with secure attachment, a cognitive appraisal of threat that leads to the development of hypervigilance and the impact on stress regulation systems in the body.

scholarly journals Long term Temperature and Precipitation Trends Assessment in the state of Qatar and its Implication to Energy Water and Food Nexus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Ansari Tareq ◽  
Govindan Rajesh ◽  
Hazrat Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Climate change is one of the most severe global challenges of the present generation. Variations in temperature and precipitation can seriously affect water energy, water and food (EWF) security. Assessment of the ground-based observation of the climatic parameters such as temperature and precipitation are vital for the overall decision-making process concerning energy, water and food security. In this study, temperature and precipitation data is investigated using the Mann Kendall, Pettitt and Watson tests and inter-annual variability assessment. Long-term temperature data indicates that the annual and seasonal temperature has increased significantly between 1987 and 2016. The mean temperature has increased by 1.02 ℃ over the period of observation. In contrast, the study determines that precipitation during the period of observation decreased by -12.6 mm. However, this decreasing trend is not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, total monthly precipitation is observed to be decreasing during the winter (December-January-February-DJF) while increasing in spring (March-April-May-MAM), summer (June-July-August-JJA) and autumn (September-October-November-SON). Despite the observed increases in the seasonal temperature during JJA, MAM and SON, the decreasing trend in winter precipitation is of more concern as most of the rainfall is received during DJF. These results have serious implications for EWF resources and the ‘nexus’ between them. Such integrated resource management approaches not only lower the risks of a one-dimensional decision-making process, it can also identify interdependencies, synergies, and trade-offs amongst the EWF sectors. As an outcome of the calculated trends, this study recommends measures to improve the overall resilience of EWF sectors and to adapt and mitigate the negative consequences of the changing climate faced by these sectors.

scholarly journals Reversible modulation of circadian time with chronophotopharmacology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Kolarski ◽  
Carla Miró-Vinyals ◽  
Akiko Sugiyama ◽  
Ashutosh Srivastava ◽  
Daisuke Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Body ◽  
Casein Kinase I ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Circadian Time ◽  
Clock Mechanism

AbstractThe circadian clock controls daily rhythms of physiological processes. The presence of the clock mechanism throughout the body is hampering its local regulation by small molecules. A photoresponsive clock modulator would enable precise and reversible regulation of circadian rhythms using light as a bio-orthogonal external stimulus. Here we show, through judicious molecular design and state-of-the-art photopharmacological tools, the development of a visible light-responsive inhibitor of casein kinase I (CKI) that controls the period and phase of cellular and tissue circadian rhythms in a reversible manner. The dark isomer of photoswitchable inhibitor 9 exhibits almost identical affinity towards the CKIα and CKIδ isoforms, while upon irradiation it becomes more selective towards CKIδ, revealing the higher importance of CKIδ in the period regulation. Our studies enable long-term regulation of CKI activity in cells for multiple days and show the reversible modulation of circadian rhythms with a several hour period and phase change through chronophotopharmacology.

scholarly journals COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING – A SHORT REVIEW OF SEVERAL CORRECT PRINCIPLES OF LONG-TERM HEALTH

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Laura Florescu ◽  
◽  
Oana-Raluca Temneanu ◽  
Dana-Elena Mindru ◽  
Nistor Nicolai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Nutrition epitomizes the whole range of physiological processes of absorption and decomposition of food in the body, as required for growth and development. The debates on the feeding trends are topical, a large number of scientific boards and international committees fully concentrate on the impact of correct feeding on growth and harmonious development, starting even from intrauterine life. The progressive introduction of half solid and solid food in the infant’s diet after 4-6 months, gradually replacing the milk meals previously administered is known as diversified (complementary) feeding. The latest recommendations of the ESPGHAN Committee (European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) regarding the moment of switching from an exclusively milk diet to a diet which includes other foods is included in the period of time between week 17 and 26. The compliance and the collaboration of the family with the doctors are of paramount importance. Considering the present day open access to a lot of information, sometimes without any scientific basis, we believe it is opportune to review briefly the main aspects of the complementary feeding according to the recommendations in the field.

Hepatoprotective Ayurvedic plants – a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama R. Valvi ◽  
Neelam Mouriya ◽  
Rajani B. Athawale ◽  
Narendra S. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThe liver plays vital functions in the maintenance and performance of the body. Most of the metabolic and physiological processes of our body as well as the detoxification of various drugs and xenobiotic chemicals occur in the liver. During this detoxification process, the reactive chemical intermediates damage the liver causing hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the maintenance of a healthy liver is vital to overall health. Unfortunately, the liver is often abused by environmental toxins, poor eating habits, alcohol, and prescription and over-the-counter drug use, which lead to liver diseases like hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The available synthetic drugs to treat liver disorders in this condition also cause further damage to the liver on long-term use. Hence, Ayurvedic plants have become increasingly popular and their use is widespread. Various Ayurvedic formulations are available in market to treat liver disease. Also there is increase in the export of Ayurvedic plants.

scholarly journals Rapid evolution mitigates the ecological consequences of an invasive species ( Bythotrephes longimanus ) in lakes in Wisconsin

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1858) ◽  
pp. 20170814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Gillis ◽  
Matthew R. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bythotrephes Longimanus ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Contemporary Evolution ◽  
Term Data

Invasive species have extensive negative consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem health. Novel species also drive contemporary evolution in many native populations, which could mitigate or amplify their impacts on ecosystems. The predatory zooplankton Bythotrephes longimanus invaded lakes in Wisconsin, USA, in 2009. This invasion caused precipitous declines in zooplankton prey ( Daphnia pulicaria ), with cascading impacts on ecosystem services (water clarity). Here, we tested the link between Bythotrephes invasion, evolution in Daphnia and post-invasion ecological dynamics using 15 years of long-term data in conjunction with comparative experiments. Invasion by Bythotrephes is associated with rapid increases in the body size of Daphnia . Laboratory experiments revealed that such shifts have a genetic component; third-generation laboratory-reared Daphnia from ‘invaded’ lakes are significantly larger and exhibit greater reproductive effort than individuals from ‘uninvaded’ lakes. This trajectory of evolution should accelerate Daphnia population growth and enhance population persistence. We tested this prediction by comparing analyses of long-term data with laboratory-based simulations, and show that rapid evolution in Daphnia is associated with increased population growth in invaded lakes.

Burnout of the Mind – Burnout of the Body?

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Traunmüller ◽  
Kerstin Gaisbachgrabner ◽  
Helmut Karl Lackner ◽  
Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
Morning Cortisol ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Cortisol Increase

Abstract. In the present paper we investigate whether patients with a clinical diagnosis of burnout show physiological signs of burden across multiple physiological systems referred to as allostatic load (AL). Measures of the sympathetic-adrenergic-medullary (SAM) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were assessed. We examined patients who had been diagnosed with burnout by their physicians (n = 32) and were also identified as burnout patients based on their score in the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and compared them with a nonclinical control group (n = 19) with regard to indicators of allostatic load (i.e., ambulatory ECG, nocturnal urinary catecholamines, salivary morning cortisol secretion, blood pressure, and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]). Contrary to expectations, a higher AL index suggesting elevated load in several of the parameters of the HPA and SAM axes was found in the control group but not in the burnout group. The control group showed higher norepinephrine values, higher blood pressure, higher WHR, higher sympathovagal balance, and lower percentage of cortisol increase within the first hour after awakening as compared to the patient group. Burnout was not associated with AL. Results seem to indicate a discrepancy between self-reported burnout symptoms and psychobiological load.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

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