scholarly journals Reversible modulation of circadian time with chronophotopharmacology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Kolarski ◽  
Carla Miró-Vinyals ◽  
Akiko Sugiyama ◽  
Ashutosh Srivastava ◽  
Daisuke Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Body ◽  
Casein Kinase I ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Circadian Time ◽  
Clock Mechanism

AbstractThe circadian clock controls daily rhythms of physiological processes. The presence of the clock mechanism throughout the body is hampering its local regulation by small molecules. A photoresponsive clock modulator would enable precise and reversible regulation of circadian rhythms using light as a bio-orthogonal external stimulus. Here we show, through judicious molecular design and state-of-the-art photopharmacological tools, the development of a visible light-responsive inhibitor of casein kinase I (CKI) that controls the period and phase of cellular and tissue circadian rhythms in a reversible manner. The dark isomer of photoswitchable inhibitor 9 exhibits almost identical affinity towards the CKIα and CKIδ isoforms, while upon irradiation it becomes more selective towards CKIδ, revealing the higher importance of CKIδ in the period regulation. Our studies enable long-term regulation of CKI activity in cells for multiple days and show the reversible modulation of circadian rhythms with a several hour period and phase change through chronophotopharmacology.

Relationships Between Photoperiodism and Circadian Rhythms of Activity in the House Finch

1967 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. HAMNER ◽  
J. T. ENRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Carpodacus Mexicanus ◽  
House Finch ◽  
Phase Lead ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Circadian Time ◽  
Large Phase

1. The Bunning hypothesis proposes that many rhythmic physiological processes, including photoperiodic responsiveness, are all based upon a single, endogenous circadian time-measuring system (‘die physiologische Uhr’). We have attempted to test this hypothesis by examining correlations between the circadian waking-sleeping rhythm of the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), and the circadian rhythm of sensitivity to light, which underlies the photoperiodic testicular responses of this species. 2. Experimental techniques included (1) comparisons of locomotor activity patterns induced by specific non-daily light cycles which stimulate gametogenesis (LD 6:30 and 6:54) with those induced by other cycles which are non-inductive (LD 6:18, 6:42 and 6:66); (2) comparisons of gametogenesis resulting from light cycles which produce large phase-lead in the activity rhythms and thereby result in photic stimulation late in the ‘subjective day’ (LD 6:20 and 3:23) with results from similar cycles which cause no phase lead (LD 6:16 and 3:19); and (3) comparisons of gametogenesis under free-running (unsynchronized) conditions in which a 6 hr. stimulus was intermittently administered early in the ‘subjective day’, with other treatments in which the same stimulus was administered late in the ‘subjective day’. 3. In all experimental series, when only group responses are considered, there were clear and strong correlations between testicular growth and the patterns observed in locomotor activity. The nature of the large intra-group variability, however, convinces us that the Bünning hypothesis, as here interpreted, is inadequate to account for all the results. Either the two circadian rhythms may be independent, similar systems; or, if there is a single ‘master clock’, the two manifestations of this timing system are apparently not phase-locked under artificial laboratory conditions. It is not clear to us how these two alternatives are experimentally distinguishable.

scholarly journals Carbon/carbon implants in oral and maxillofacial surgery – Part 2

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (19) ◽  
pp. 744-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Sebők ◽  
Gábor Kiss ◽  
Péter János Szabó ◽  
Dániel Rigler ◽  
László Milán Molnár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Aesthetic Results ◽  
Main Components

In their previous report, the authors presented observations regarding the long-term application of carbon/carbon implants. After evaluating the good functional and aesthetic results, the effect of the human body on the structure and morphology of the implants was investigated with state of the art methods. An implant retrieved from the body after eight years was compared to implants which were sterilized but not implanted (reference). Carbon and oxygen were the main components of both implants, however, as a result of the interaction with the human body the amount of oxygen increased 3–4 times and phosphorus, sulphur, calcium and iron were detectable as trace elements on the surface. The width of the carbon fibres (5–7 µm) building up the implants was not changed during the interaction with the human body. The surface of the implant retrieved from the human body was covered with a 15–17 µm thick layer, not present on the reference implant, having a similar composition to that of the carbon fibres (high amount of calcium that is typical to bone tissue was not detected). According to these results, the structure and the morphology of the implants were not altered notably by the human body. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 744–750.

scholarly journals COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING – A SHORT REVIEW OF SEVERAL CORRECT PRINCIPLES OF LONG-TERM HEALTH

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Laura Florescu ◽  
◽  
Oana-Raluca Temneanu ◽  
Dana-Elena Mindru ◽  
Nistor Nicolai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Nutrition epitomizes the whole range of physiological processes of absorption and decomposition of food in the body, as required for growth and development. The debates on the feeding trends are topical, a large number of scientific boards and international committees fully concentrate on the impact of correct feeding on growth and harmonious development, starting even from intrauterine life. The progressive introduction of half solid and solid food in the infant’s diet after 4-6 months, gradually replacing the milk meals previously administered is known as diversified (complementary) feeding. The latest recommendations of the ESPGHAN Committee (European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) regarding the moment of switching from an exclusively milk diet to a diet which includes other foods is included in the period of time between week 17 and 26. The compliance and the collaboration of the family with the doctors are of paramount importance. Considering the present day open access to a lot of information, sometimes without any scientific basis, we believe it is opportune to review briefly the main aspects of the complementary feeding according to the recommendations in the field.

scholarly journals Can We Simplify Aging?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 666-666
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ukraintseva ◽  
Anatoliy Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Delayed Recovery

Abstract Aging is indeed a complex process, but can it be simplified, so we could efficiently prioritize candidate anti-aging interventions and select those with largest impacts on key negative consequence of the aging, i.e., on increases in mortality risk and comorbidities with age? Here we argue that human aging and its negative consequences for health and lifespan are essentially driven by the interplay among three processes: (i) depletion of limited body reserves (e.g., of stem, immune, neural, muscle cells); (ii) inherent deficiency of cell/tissue repair mechanisms, which leads to accumulation of damage, allostatic load, and systems dysregulation; and (iii) general slowdown of physiological processes in the body (such as metabolism, proliferation and information processing) with age that results in slower responses to stressors and delayed recovery after damage (i.e., decline in resilience), which in turn contributes to increase in vulnerability to death with age. We show that the interplay among these processes can have ambivalent effects on health and longevity that should be taken into account to develop optimal anti-aging and pro-longevity strategies. In order to be efficient on the long-term, the anti-aging interventions may need to target the different causes of aging (reserve depletion, damage accumulation, and slowdown) simultaneously, to avoid undesirable trade-offs.

Molecular Biology and Physiology of Circadian Clocks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
Peripheral Oscillators ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Photic Input ◽  
Master Clock

Circadian rhythm is the approximately 24-hour rhythmicity that regulates physiology and behavior in a variety of organisms. The mammalian circadian system is organized in a hierarchical manner. Molecular circadian oscillations driven by genetic feedback loops are found in individual cells, whereas circadian rhythms in different systems of the body are orchestrated by the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. SCN receives photic input from retina and synchronizes endogenous rhythms with the external light/dark cycles. SCN regulates circadian rhythms in the peripheral oscillators via neural and humoral signals, which account for daily fluctuations of the physiological processes in these organs. Disruption of circadian rhythms can cause health problems and circadian dysfunction has been linked to many human diseases.

Hepatoprotective Ayurvedic plants – a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama R. Valvi ◽  
Neelam Mouriya ◽  
Rajani B. Athawale ◽  
Narendra S. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThe liver plays vital functions in the maintenance and performance of the body. Most of the metabolic and physiological processes of our body as well as the detoxification of various drugs and xenobiotic chemicals occur in the liver. During this detoxification process, the reactive chemical intermediates damage the liver causing hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the maintenance of a healthy liver is vital to overall health. Unfortunately, the liver is often abused by environmental toxins, poor eating habits, alcohol, and prescription and over-the-counter drug use, which lead to liver diseases like hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The available synthetic drugs to treat liver disorders in this condition also cause further damage to the liver on long-term use. Hence, Ayurvedic plants have become increasingly popular and their use is widespread. Various Ayurvedic formulations are available in market to treat liver disease. Also there is increase in the export of Ayurvedic plants.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

A Fused Thiophene-S,S-Dioxide-Based Super-Photostable Fluorescent Marker for Lipid Droplets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayasu Taki ◽  
Keiji Kajiwara ◽  
Eriko Yamaguchi ◽  
Yoshikatsu Sato ◽  
Shigehiro Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Fluorescent Marker ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Particle Level

Lipid droplets (LDs) are essential organelle in most eukaryotes, and tracking intracellular LDs dynamics using synthetic small molecules is crucial for biological studies. However, only a limited number of fluorescent markers that satisfy all requirements, such as the selective staining of LDs, high photostability, and sufficient biocompatibility, have been developed. Herein, we report a series of donor-p-acceptor dyes based on the thiophene-containing fused polycyclic scaffold [1]benzothieno[3,2-<i>b</i>][1]benzothiophene (BTBT), in which either or both thiophene rings are oxidized into thiophene-<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>-dioxide to form an electron-accepting building block. Among these dyes, LAQ1 satisfied all the aforementioned requirements, and allowed us capturing ultra-small LDs on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by stimulation emission depletion (STED) microscopy with a super-resolution below the diffraction limit of light. Moreover, the extremely high photostability of LAQ1 enabled recording the lipolysis of LDs and the concomitant lipogenesis as well as long-term trajectory analysis of micro LDs at the single particle level in living cells.

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

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