scholarly journals RACIAL-ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN MULTIMORBIDITY PROGRESSION ACCORDING TO BODY-WEIGHT STATUS AMONG OLDER U.S. ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S318-S319
Author(s):  
Anda Botoseneanu ◽  
Sheila Markwardt ◽  
Heather Allore ◽  
Corey Nagel ◽  
Jason T Newsom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Obesity and multimorbidity are more prevalent among underrepresented U.S. racial/ethnic minority groups. Evaluating whether racial/ethnic disparities in multimorbidity accumulation vary according to body-mass index (BMI) may guide interventions aimed at reducing multimorbidity burden in vulnerable racial/ethnic groups. We used 1998-2014 data from the Health & Retirement Study (N=8,635 participants, age 51-55 years old at baseline) and negative binomial models stratified by BMI category to evaluate differences in rates of accumulation of seven chronic conditions (arthritis, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, lung disease, and stroke), focusing on differences between racial/ethnic groups [White (reference; 64.7%), Black (21.5%), Hispanic (13.8%)]. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in Black (80.9%) and Hispanic (78.6%) than White (69.9%) participants at baseline; in all BMI categories, Black participants had higher rates of multimorbidity compared with White participants (normal BMI:β=0.304, p<0.001; overweight:β=0.243,p<0.001; and obese:β=0.135,p=0.013); initial burden of disease was similar between Whites and Hispanics in the normal and overweight categories, but significantly lower among Hispanics (vs. Whites) in the obese category (β= -0.180,p=0.017). We found no significant differences in rates of disease accumulation between the racial/ethnic groups in any of the BMI categories. There are substantial differences in initial disease burden between Black and White middle-aged/older adults, but not in the rate of accumulation of disease between the race/ethnic groups in the 3 main BMI categories. These findings suggest an opportunity to reduce racial disparities in multimorbidity by intervening early in the lifecourse to reduce the burden of chronic disease among vulnerable racial minorities prior to entering middle-age.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity Accumulation by Race or Ethnicity and Body-Weight Status Among Middle-Aged and Older Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 256-256
Author(s):  
Anda Botoseneanu ◽  
Sheila Markwardt ◽  
Heather Allore ◽  
Corey Nagel ◽  
Jason Newsom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Obesity and multimorbidity are more prevalent among U.S. racial/ethnic minority groups. Evaluating racial/ethnic disparities in multimorbidity accumulation according to body-mass index (BMI) may guide interventions to reduce multimorbidity burden in vulnerable racial/ethnic groups. Data from the 1998-2016 Health & Retirement Study (N=8,106, 51-55 years at baseline) and generalized estimating equations models with inverse probability weights estimated the accumulation of seven chronic diseases (arthritis, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, lung disease, and stroke) between racial/ethnic groups [Non-Hispanic White (reference; 64.2%), Non-Hispanic Black (21.6%), Hispanic (14.2%)]. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in Black (82.3%) and Hispanic (78.9%) than White (70.9 %) participants at baseline. Initial burden of morbidity was higher among Black participants [risk ratio (RR) =1.3, p<0.001] but similar among Hispanic compared with White participants; and higher in overweight or greater BMI categories compared with normal BMI (RR=1.07, 1.15, 1.22, p<0.001, for overweight, obese 1, and obese 2/3 BMI, respectively). Disease accumulation did not differ among racial/ethnic groups. Higher BMI was associated with less disease accumulation compared with the normal BMI category (RR=0.99, 0.98, 0.97, all p<0.001, for overweight, obese 1, and obese 2/3 BMI, respectively, per two-year interval). Black participants crossed the threshold of multimorbidity (≥2 diseases) 4-6 years earlier than White and Hispanic participants. There are substantial differences in initial disease burden between Black and White middle-aged/older adults, but not in the accumulation of disease, suggesting the need to intervene prior to entering middle age to reduce disparities in the burden of multimorbidity among vulnerable racial minorities.

scholarly journals The Impact of Diabetes and Edentulism on All-Cause Mortality: Racial and Ethnic Disparities

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 206-207
Author(s):  
Huabin Luo ◽  
Frank Sloan ◽  
Brenda Plassman ◽  
Samrachana Adhikari ◽  
Mark Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract This study examined the relationships between the concomitance of diabetes mellitus (DM) and edentulism and mortality among Black, Hispanic, and White older adults in the US. We used data from the 2006-2016 Health and Retirement Study with 2,108 Black, 1,331 Hispanic, and 11,544 White respondents aged 50+. Results of weighted Cox proportional hazards models showed that the concomitance of DM and edentulism was associated with a higher mortality risk for Blacks (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.58, p < 0.01), Hispanics (HR = 2.16, p < 0.001) and Whites (HR = 1.61, p < 0.001). Findings also indicated that DM was a risk factor for mortality across all racial/ethnic groups, but edentulism was a risk factor only for Whites (HR = 1.30, p < 0.001). This study revealed that the risk of DM and edentulism on mortality varied among racial/ethnic groups. Our study gives alternative explanations for the observed findings.

scholarly journals Trends in racial/ethnic disparities in overweight self-perception among US adults, 1988–1994 and 1999–2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2115-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A Langellier ◽  
Deborah Glik ◽  
Alexander N Ortega ◽  
Michael L Prelip
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
White Women ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractObjectiveWeight self-perceptions, or how a person perceives his/her weight status, may affect weight outcomes. We use nationally representative data from 1988–1994 and 1999–2008 to examine racial/ethnic disparities in weight self-perceptions and understand how disparities have changed over time.DesignUsing data from two time periods, 1988–1994 and 1999–2008, we calculated descriptive statistics, multivariate logistic regression models and predicted probabilities to examine trends in weight self-perceptions among Whites, Blacks, US-born Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants to the USA.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) and continuous NHANES (1999–2008).SubjectsAdult NHANES participants aged 18 years and older (n 37 050).ResultsThe likelihood of self-classifying as overweight declined between 1988–1994 and 1999–2008 among all US adults, despite significant increases in mean BMI and overweight prevalence. Trends in weight self-perceptions varied by gender and between racial/ethnic groups. Whites in both time periods were more likely than racial/ethnic minorities to perceive themselves as overweight. After adjustment for other factors, disparities in weight self-perceptions between Whites and Blacks of both genders grew between survey periods (P<0·05), but differences between overweight White women and Mexican immigrants decreased (P<0·05).ConclusionsWeight self-perceptions have changed during the obesity epidemic in the USA, but changes have not been consistent across racial/ethnic groups. Secular declines in the likelihood of self-classifying as overweight, particularly among Blacks, are troubling because weight self-perceptions may affect weight-loss efforts and obesity outcomes.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity Accumulation among Middle-Aged Americans: Differences by Race/Ethnicity and Body-Mass Index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anda Botoseneanu ◽  
Sheila Markwardt ◽  
Corey L Nagel ◽  
Heather G Allore ◽  
Jason T Newsom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Class ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract BACKGROUND Obesity and multimorbidity are more prevalent among U.S. racial/ethnic minority groups. Evaluating racial/ethnic disparities in disease accumulation according to body-mass index (BMI) may guide interventions to reduce multimorbidity burden in vulnerable racial/ethnic groups. METHODS We used data from the 1998-2016 Health & Retirement Study on 8,106 participants aged 51-55 at baseline. Disease burden and multimorbidity (≥2 co-occurring diseases) were assessed using seven chronic diseases: arthritis, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, lung disease, and stroke. Four BMI categories were defined per convention: normal, overweight, obese class 1, and obese class 2/3. Generalized estimating equations models with inverse probability weights estimated the accumulation of chronic diseases. RESULTS Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in non-Hispanic Black (82.3%) and Hispanic (78.9%) than non-Hispanic White (70.9 %) participants at baseline. The baseline burden of disease was similar across BMI categories, but disease accumulation was faster in the obese class 2/3 and marginally in the obese class 1 categories compared with normal BMI. Black participants across BMI categories had a higher initial burden and faster accumulation of disease over time, while Hispanics had a lower initial burden and similar rate of accumulation, compared with Whites. Black participants, including those with normal BMI, reach the multimorbidity threshold 5-6 years earlier compared with White participants. CONCLUSIONS Controlling weight and reducing obesity early in the lifecourse may slow the progression of multimorbidity in later life. Further investigations are needed to identify the factors responsible for the early and progressing nature of multimorbidity in Blacks of non-obese weight.

Expanding Understanding of Racial-Ethnic Differences in ADHD Prevalence Rates among Children to Include Asians and Alaskan Natives/American Indians

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110279
Author(s):  
Ashlyn W. W. A. Wong ◽  
Scott D. Landes
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
White Children ◽  
Alaskan Natives ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background Prior studies show that ADHD prevalence rates vary by race-ethnicity, but these studies do not include a full range of racial-ethnic minority groups. Objective This study aimed to understand differences in ADHD prevalence among children across a wider range of racial-ethnic groups, overall and stratified by biological sex. Method Data on children aged 5 to 17 from the 2004 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey Sample Child Files were used in analyses ( N = 120,129). Results Compared to Non-Hispanic White children, ADHD prevalence was lower among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Asian children. This difference was present for both males and females. Across all racial-ethnic groups, males had higher ADHD prevalence than females. Conclusion Results from this study provide further evidence that racial-ethnic disparities in ADHD prevalence rates persist across sex and provide initial evidence of substantially lower ADHD prevalence among Non-Hispanic Asians. Implications, limitations, and future research directions derived from the results are discussed.

Racial and ethnic disparities in risk and survival in children with neuroblastoma: An updated analysis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10036-10036
Author(s):  
Caileigh Pudela ◽  
Mark A. Applebaum ◽  
Sang Mee Lee ◽  
Arlene Naranjo ◽  
Julie R. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Black And White ◽  
High Risk Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Racial Ethnic

10036 Background: Biologic and socioeconomic factors contribute to health disparities among patients with pediatric cancer. In an analysis of Children’s Oncology Group (COG) neuroblastoma (NBL) patients (pts) diagnosed between 2001-2009, non-Hispanic Black (Black) pts were previously shown to have a higher prevalence of high-risk disease and worse event-free survival (EFS) compared to non-Hispanic White (White) pts. Here, we analyzed data in the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Data Commons (INRGdc) to validate these findings. Methods: Three-year EFS and overall survival (OS) of COG pts diagnosed between 2001-2009 (Cohort 1; n = 4,358) and 2010-2016 (Cohort 2; n = 3,689) in the INRGdc with known race and ethnicity were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate differences in EFS and OS between racial/ethnic groups. The association of clinical characteristics and tumor biomarkers with racial/ethnic groups were analyzed using Chi-square tests. Results: The distribution of race/ethnicity for pts in Cohort 1 and Cohort 2 was as follows, respectively: White: 72% (n = 3,136) and 70% (n = 2,575); Black: 11.4% (n = 495) and 10.7% (n = 397); Hispanic: 12.2% (n = 532) and 14.1% (n = 522); Asian and Hawaiian: 4% (n = 178) and 4.6% (n = 172); Native American: 0.4% (n = 17) and 0.6% (n = 23). In both cohorts, a higher proportion of Black pts had INSS stage 4 disease, age ≥ 18mo, and unfavorable histology tumors when compared to White pts (Cohort 1: p = 0.003; p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively vs Cohort 2: p = 0.014; p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively). No significant differences in the proportion of pts with MYCN amplified or diploid tumors were detected between Black and White pts in either cohort. Black pts had a higher prevalence of high-risk disease compared to White pts in both Cohorts 1 and 2 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Among all pts in Cohort 1, EFS was 73% and OS was 83%. In Cohort 1, Black pts had worse EFS (68% vs 73%; HR = 1.31, 95%CI 1.11-1.55, p = 0.002) and OS (78% vs 84%; HR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.16-1.70, p = 0.001) compared to White pts. Among all pts in Cohort 2, EFS was 81% and OS was 88%. Black pts in Cohort 2 also had worse EFS compared to White pts (76% vs 82%; HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03-1.76, p = 0.027), although no significant difference in OS was observed (p = 0.21). In analyses restricted to high-risk pts, no statistically significant difference in EFS and OS in Black vs White pts was detected in either cohort. Conclusions: In the modern treatment era, Black NBL pts continue to have a higher prevalence of high-risk disease and inferior 3-year EFS compared to White pts. The lack of significant difference in survival among high-risk NBL pts by race suggests that Black and White pts are receiving comparable treatments and responding similarly. The socioeconomic and/or genomic factors contributing to the higher proportion of Black pts with high-risk disease requires further investigation.

Is overweight/obesity a risk factor for atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children? A case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysel Vehapoglu ◽  
Zeynep Ebru Cakın ◽  
Feyza Ustabas Kahraman ◽  
Mustafa Atilla Nursoy ◽  
Ali Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives It is unclear whether body weight status (underweight/normal weight/overweight/obese) is associated with allergic disease. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between body weight status (body mass index; BMI) and atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children, and to compare children with atopic allergic diseases with non atopic healthy children. Methods A prospective cross sectional study of 707 prepubertal children aged 3–10 years was performed; the participants were 278 atopic children with physician-diagnosed allergic disease (allergic rhinitis and asthma) (serum total IgE level >100 kU/l and eosinophilia >4%, or positivity to at least one allergen in skin test) and 429 non atopic healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Data were collected between December 2019 and November 2020 at the Pediatric General and Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinics of Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital. Results Underweight was observed in 11.6% of all participants (10.8% of atopic children, 12.2% of healthy controls), and obesity in 14.9% of all participants (18.0% of atopic children, 12.8% of controls). Obese (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08–2.71, p=0.021), and overweight status (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.06–2.50, p=0.026) were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight in pre-pubertal children. This association did not differ by gender. There was no relationship between underweight status and atopic allergic disease (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.63–1.68, p=0.894). Conclusions Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight among middle-income and high-income pre pubertal children living in Istanbul.

scholarly journals Ethnic Disparities in the Development of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy in a UK Multi-Ethnic Population with Diabetes: An Observational Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Manjula D. Nugawela ◽  
Sarega Gurudas ◽  
Andrew Toby Prevost ◽  
Rohini Mathur ◽  
John Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
General Practices

There is little data on ethnic differences in incidence of DR and sight threatening DR (STDR) in the United Kingdom. We aimed to determine ethnic differences in the development of DR and STDR and to identify risk factors of DR and STDR in people with incident or prevalent type II diabetes (T2DM). We used electronic primary care medical records of people registered with 134 general practices in East London during the period from January 2007–January 2017. There were 58,216 people with T2DM eligible to be included in the study. Among people with newly diagnosed T2DM, Indian, Pakistani and African ethnic groups showed an increased risk of DR with Africans having highest risk of STDR compared to White ethnic groups (HR: 1.36 95% CI 1.02–1.83). Among those with prevalent T2DM, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Caribbean ethnic groups showed increased risk of DR and STDR with Indian having the highest risk of any DR (HR: 1.24 95% CI 1.16–1.32) and STDR (HR: 1.38 95% CI 1.17–1.63) compared with Whites after adjusting for all covariates considered. It is important to optimise prevention, screening and treatment options in these ethnic minority groups to avoid health inequalities in diabetes eye care.

Abstract 13150: Racial/Ethnic Disparities of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) in Texas

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Summer Chavez ◽  
Ryan Huebinger ◽  
Kevin Schulz ◽  
Hei Kit Chan ◽  
Micah Panczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Introduction: Prior research shows a greater disease burden, lower BCPR rates, and worse outcomes in Black and Hispanic patients after OHCA. The CDC has declared that the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected many racial and ethnic minority groups. However, the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on OHCA incidence and outcomes in different races and ethnicities is unknown. Purpose: To describe racial/ethnic disparities in OHCA incidence, processes of care and outcomes in Texas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data from the Texas Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) comparing adult OHCA from the pre-pandemic period (March 11 - December 31, 2019) to the pandemic period (March 11- December 31, 2020). The racial and ethnic categories were White, Black, Hispanic or Other. Outcomes were rates of BCPR, AED use, sustained ROSC, prehospital termination of resuscitation (TOR), survival to hospital admission, survival to discharge and good neurological outcomes. We fit a mixed effect logistic regression model, with EMS agency designated as the random intercept to obtain aORs. We adjusted for the pandemic and other covariates. Results: A total of 8,070 OHCAs were included. The proportion of cardiac arrests increased for Blacks (903 to 1, 113, 24.9% to 25.5%) and Hispanics (935 to 1,221, 25.8% to 27.5%) and decreased for Whites (1 595 to 1,869, 44.0% to 42.1%) and Other (194 to 220, 5.4% to 5.0%) patients. Compared to Whites, Black (aOR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.65-0.82) and Hispanic patients (aOR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.68-0.87) were less likely to receive BCPR. Compared to Whites, Blacks were less likely to have sustained ROSC (aOR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.93%), with lower rates of survival to hospital admission (aOR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.75-1.0), and worse neurological outcomes (aOR = 0.45, 95% 0.28-0.73). Hispanics were less likely to have prehospital TOR compared to Whites (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-0.99). The Utstein bystander survival rate was worse for Blacks (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.54-0.97) and Hispanics (aOR = 0.71, 95% 0.53-0.95) compared to Whites. Conclusion: Racial and ethnic disparities persisted during the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mammogram Frequency Among Women With Intellectual Disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Arana ◽  
Amy Carroll-Scott ◽  
Philip M. Massey ◽  
Nora L. Lee ◽  
Ann C. Klassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
White Women ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Little information exists on the associations between intellectual disability (ID) and race/ethnicity on mammogram frequency. This study collected survey and medical record data to examine this relationship. Results indicated that Hispanic and Black women with ID were more likely than White women with ID to have mammograms every 2 years. Participants who live in a state-funded residence, were aged 50+, and had a mild or moderate level of ID impairment were more likely to undergo mammography compared to participants living with family or alone, were &lt;50, and had severe ID impairment. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms explaining disparities in mammograms between these racial/ethnic groups.

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