Daily Context for Abusive and Neglectful Behavior in Family Caregiving for Dementia

Abstract Background and Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify risk and protective factors for abusive and neglectful behavior in the context of daily caregiving. Research Design and Methods Family caregivers who co-reside with a care recipient with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia, recruited from social media, completed 21-days of diaries. Multilevel modeling with days (n = 831) nested within caregivers (N = 50) was used to evaluate relationships between hypothesized risk and protective factors and the odds of an abusive or neglectful behavior on a given day. Results Disruptions in the daily routine and stress of the caregiver related to behavioral symptoms of the care recipient are significant risk factors for abusive and neglectful behavior. Participating in a meaningful activity with the care recipient when it occurs twice in a day is a significant protective factor against use of a neglect behavior (OR = 0.19; CI 0.06–0.64; p = .01), but not for abusive behavior. Hypotheses that spending the full day together would increase risk, and that receipt of instrumental support and caregiver participation in self-care would decrease risk, were not supported. Discussion and Implications Findings demonstrate that risk of an abusive or neglectful behavior varies from day-to-day in the presence and absence of contextual factors, and that the majority of the variance in the odds an abusive or neglectful behavior occurring is related to day-level factors. Findings demonstrate that diary surveys are critical to identifying ecologically valid modifiable risk and protective factors for abusive and neglectful behaviors that can be targeted in future interventions.

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RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR ABUSE AND NEGLECT IN DAILY CAREGIVING

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S544-S544

Author(s):

Maria Yefimova ◽

Carolyn Pickering ◽

Christopher Maxwell ◽

Frank Puga ◽

Tami Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Process Model ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Care Recipient ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Abuse And Neglect

Abstract The stress-process model suggests a variety of factors related to the stress-experience as important in the formation of outcomes including elder abuse and neglect (EAN). Multi-level modeling with days (n=831) nested within caregivers (N=50) was used to evaluate relationships between theoretically-based risk and protective factors and odds of EAN. Disruptions in the daily routine are a significant risk factor for abuse and neglect. Participating in a meaningful activity at least twice a day with the care recipient is a significant protective factor for neglect (OR=0.19; CI=0.06-0.64; p=0.01), but not abuse. Hypotheses that spending the full day together would increase the risk of EAN, and receipt of instrumental support and caregiver participation in self-care would decrease risk, were not supported. Findings demonstrate that the risk of EAN varies from day-to-day in the presence and absence of contextual factors. Moreover, abuse and neglect may have different etiologic pathways.

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Direct and Interaction Effects of Co-Existing Familial Risk Factors and Protective Factors Associated With Internet Addiction Among Chinese Students in Hong Kong

The Journal of Early Adolescence ◽

10.1177/0272431616671826 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 429-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anise M. S. Wu ◽

Joseph T. F. Lau ◽

Kit-man Cheng ◽

Rita W. Law ◽

Vincent W. S. Tse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Family Support ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Internet addiction (IA) is prevalent among adolescents and imposes a serious public health threat. Familial risk and protective factors may co-exist and interact with each other to determine IA. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 9,618 Secondary 1 to 4 students in Hong Kong, China. About 16% of the surveyed students were classified as Internet addicted; nearly one third of them perceived that at least one of their family members had IA (FMIA). We found that FMIA was a risk factor (multivariate odds ratio [OR] = 2.04), and perceived family support was a protective factor (multivariate OR = 0.97) of IA. We also found a significant risk-enhancement moderation effect between these risk and protective factors, that is, the risk effect of FMIA increased with perceived family support. The finding highlights that family-based interventions, which modify familial risk and protective factors, should be effective for adolescent IA, but caution is required about potential risk-enhancement moderations between such factors.

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PERILAKU BERESIKO DAN FAKTOR PELINDUNG PENGGUNAAN TEMBAKAU SINTETIS PADA KOMUNITAS CJ

Journal of Community Mental Health and Public Policy ◽

10.51602/cmhp.v3i2.56 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 78-91

Author(s):

Yunita Anggraeni ◽

Sitti Muthia Maghfirah Massinai ◽

Rahma Dilla Arnanda

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Drug Users ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Community Collaboration ◽

Community Members ◽

The Social ◽

The Individual ◽

Calming Effect ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTSynthetic tobacco is a type of drug produced from tobacco mixed with chemical liquids. Synthetic tobacco produces a calming effect, daydreaming, hallucinations, and unconsciousness. In some individuals there is resistance to chemicals, resulting in dizziness, vomiting and unconsciousness. The basic ingredients of tobacco make synthetic tobacco difficult to distinguish from ordinary tobacco. So that the impact on the prevention and eradication of drugs is increasingly difficult. The CJ community is a community of drug users who have used synthetic tobacco for 5 months. This study aimed to determine the risk and protective factors of synthetic tobacco use in the CJ community. This research was a qualitative study on the case of the CJ community with the direct involvement of researchers in the community. The result of the research was an analysis description of the risk and protective factors in the CJ community. Medically dangerous side effects have not been communicated to users in the CJ community. Awareness of the future and responsibility are protective factors that motivate community members to stop using drugs. This research showed that the use of synthetic tobacco type drugs can be more harmful to individuals and the environment. The impact on the individual physically and psychologically will affect the individual's difficulty in interacting with the social environment. There is a need for socialization and education that takes into account various aspects of society so that prevention can take place effectively. The results of the research can become the basis for providing intervention designs with community collaboration as agents of change.Key Word: Synthetic Tobacco, Risk Factor, Protective Factor, Drugs User ABSTRAKTembakau sintetis merupakan jenis narkoba yang dihasilkan dari tembakau yang dicampur dengan cairan kimia. Tembakau sintetis menghasilkan efek tenang, melamun, halusinasi, dan tidak sadarkan diri. Pada beberapa individu terdapat penolakan terhadap zat kimia, berakibat pusing, muntah dan tidak sadarkan diri. Bahan dasar tembakau membuat tembakau sintetis sulit dibedakan dengan tembakau biasa. Sehingga berdampak kepada pencegahan dan pemberantasan narkoba yang semakin sulit. Komunitas CJ merupakan komunitas pengguna narkoba yang sudah menggunakan tembakau sintetis selama 5 bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risk and protective factor penggunaan tembakau sintetis pada komunitas CJ. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif pada kasus komunitas CJ dengan keterlibatan langsung peneliti pada komunitas. Hasil penelitian berupa deskripsi analisis dari risk and protective factor pada komunitas CJ. Efek samping yang berbahaya secara medis belum tersosialisasikan kepada para pengguna di komunitas CJ. Kesadaran mengenai masa depan dan tanggung jawab menjadi faktor protektif yang memotivasi anggota komunitas untuk berhenti menggunakan narkoba. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan narkoba jenis tembakau sintetis dapat lebih berbahaya bagi individu dan lingkungan. Dampak kepada individu secara fisik dan psikologis akan mempengaruhi kesulitan individu berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sosial. Perlu adanya sosialisasi dan edukasi yang memperhatikan berbagai aspek di masyarakat agar pencegahan dapat berlangsung dengan efektif. Hasil penelitian dapat menjadi landasan dalam memberikan rancangan intervensi dengan kolaborasi masyarakat sebagai agen perubahan.Kata Kunci: Tembakau Sintetis, Faktor Risiko, Faktor Protektif, Pengguna Narkoba

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Risk and protective factors for anxiety impacting academic performance in post-secondary students

Canadian Journal of Higher Education ◽

10.47678/cjhe.v50i2.188715 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 71-88

Author(s):

Konrad T. Lisnyj ◽

Regan Russell ◽

Andrew Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Academic Success ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Secondary Students ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Survey Study ◽

Post Secondary ◽

Post Secondary Institution ◽

Significant Factors

This survey study measured the association between risk and protective factors of anxiety and its implications on the academic performance of 1,053 students at a four-year, public post-secondary institution in southwestern Ontario. Logistic regression analyses revealed 13 significant variables at the univariable level, while the multivariable model yielded seven significant factors. Students who felt hopeless significantly increased their odds of reporting anxiety adversely affecting their academic performance, while being able to manage daily responsibilities was the only protective factor against anxiety impacting students’ educational attainment. By planning, designing, and implementing proactive programs focusing on thesepredictor variables, such interventions can equip students against the debilitative influence of anxiety on their academic success.

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A prospective analysis of youth violence in adolescents: influence of depression, personality, social environment and media violence

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72237-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 530-530

Author(s):

C. Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Family Environment ◽

Video Game ◽

Youth Violence ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Media Violence ◽

Positive Effects

ObjectiveUnderstanding youth violence remains a pressing issue of social concern. Identifying key risk factors for youth violence may help guide prevention and intervention efforts.AimsTo examine the relative impact of varying social influences related to family, community, mental health, television and video games on youth violence in a multivariate format.Study designThe current study involved a one-year prospective study of multiple risk and protective factors for youth violence in a Hispanic-majority sample of early adolescents. Multiple regression was used to examine risk factors from a multivariate format.ResultsResults find that current depression level was the most significant risk factor for youth violence. The influence of depression was most pronounced in individuals with preexisting antisocial personality traits. Risk and protective factors related to schools, neighborhoods, family environment or video game or television violence use were not predictive of youth violence.ConclusionsPotentially, prevention efforts which focus on mental health issues may demonstrate the most positive effects. The degree of resources and rhetoric spent on other factors, particularly television and video game violence may conversely proove unhelpful in reducing youth violence.

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Predicting suicidal thoughts and behavior among adolescents using the risk and protective factor framework: A large-scale machine learning approach

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0258535

Author(s):

Orion Weller ◽

Luke Sagers ◽

Carl Hanson ◽

Michael Barnes ◽

Quinn Snell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Predictive Power ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Peer Acceptance ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Suicidal Thoughts ◽

And Behavior ◽

Modern Machine

Introduction Addressing the problem of suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) in adolescents requires understanding the associated risk factors. While previous research has identified individual risk and protective factors associated with many adolescent social morbidities, modern machine learning approaches can help identify risk and protective factors that interact (group) to provide predictive power for STB. This study aims to develop a prediction algorithm for STB among adolescents using the risk and protective factor framework and social determinants of health. Methods The sample population consisted of more than 179,000 high school students living in Utah and participating in the Communities That Care (CTC) Youth Survey from 2011-2017. The dataset includes responses to 300+ questions from the CTC and 8000+ demographic factors from the American Census Survey for a total of 1.2 billion values. Machine learning techniques were employed to extract the survey questions that were best able to predict answers indicative of STB, using recent work in interpretable machine learning. Results Analysis showed strong predictive power, with the ability to predict individuals with STB with 91% accuracy. After extracting the top ten questions that most affected model predictions, questions fell into four main categories: familial life, drug consumption, demographics, and peer acceptance at school. Conclusions Modern machine learning approaches provide new methods for understanding the interaction between root causes and outcomes, such as STB. The model developed in this study showed significant improvement in predictive accuracy compared to previous research. Results indicate that certain risk and protective factors, such as adolescents being threatened or harassed through digital media or bullied at school, and exposure or involvement in serious arguments and yelling at home are the leading predictors of STB and can help narrow and reaffirm priority prevention programming and areas of focused policymaking.

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Risk and protective factors for alcohol use among school-going adolescents in Montevideo (Uruguay)

Drugs and Alcohol Today ◽

10.1108/dat-01-2016-0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 12-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Eugenia Fernandez ◽

Lilian Daset ◽

Wouter Vanderplasschen ◽

Cesar Daniel Costa Ball ◽

Lore Van Damme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Screening Instrument ◽

Self Report ◽

Close Relative ◽

Alcohol Prevention ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore risk and protective factors for alcohol use among school-going adolescents in Montevideo (Uruguay). Design/methodology/approach A self-report survey was administered to 331 school-going adolescents in Montevideo (Uruguay) (Mage=13; SD=0.05), using the alcohol screening instrument of the Uruguayan National Drug Board to assess adolescents’ alcohol use (yes/no), a screening instrument for psychopathology and resilience (the adolescent self-report) and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Findings Logistic regression analyses identified antisocial behaviour, substance use and negative emotionality (F2), disruptive and dysregulated behaviour (F8), higher age and recent death of a close relative as risk factors, while the number of close friends was identified as a protective factor for past year alcohol use (yes/no). No straightforward relationship was found between schools and the risk for the past year alcohol use. In addition, age, F2, F8 and recent death of a close relative appeared to be the most robust predictors. Research limitations/implications The study was the first in Uruguay to relate adolescents’ alcohol use to risk and protective factors. Given the cross-sectional nature of the study, causal relationships could not be determined. Originality/value The study provides preliminary recommendations for policy makers and other stakeholders involved in youth affairs on core elements to focus on school-, community- and family-based alcohol prevention programmes for adolescents.

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Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Revictimization After Child Sexual Abuse

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/1524838018823274 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 41-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Arielle A. J. Scoglio ◽

Shane W. Kraus ◽

Jane Saczynski ◽

Shehzad Jooma ◽

Beth E. Molnar

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Sexual Abuse ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

The United States

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread public health problem in the United States. It has been associated with multiple long-term deleterious outcomes including revictimization in adulthood. This systematic review of 25 studies synthesizes research examining possible risk and protective factors that might explain the established link between CSA and future victimizations. Specific risk factors identified included co-occurring maltreatment in the home, risky sexual behavior (particularly in adolescence), post-traumatic stress disorder, emotion dysregulation, and other maladaptive coping strategies. Only one protective factor was identified: perceived parental care. The review also revealed considerable variability in definitions and measurement of both CSA and adult victimization, particularly in terms of how researchers conceptualized age. Many of the studies were limited in generalizability by including only college-age women. These findings have clinical and research implications. Public health interventions working to prevent revictimization among CSA survivors can utilize these findings when designing programs. For researchers, the results highlight the need for standardized definitions of both CSA and revictimization, for well-validated and consistent measurement, and for inclusion of additional population groups in future research.

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Associations between family history of cardiovascular disease, knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and health behaviours

Australian Journal of Primary Health ◽

10.1071/py12010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 119 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rishi Sud ◽

Bapti Roy ◽

Jonathan Emerson ◽

Annemarie Hennessy

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Family History ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Strong Family History ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

History Of

The objective of the study was to examine associations between family history of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD), knowledge of CVD risk and protective factors, and health behaviours. The design was via administration of a questionnaire to 307 participants from four general practice centre waiting rooms in the Sydney West area. The most recognised CVD risk factor was smoking (97.7%) and the most recognised CVD protective factor was omega-3 fatty acids (78.5%). After adjustment for age, sex, education attainment and personal history of CVD, a strong family history of premature CVD was associated with being more likely to interpret a blood pressure of 130/85 as a CVD risk factor (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.07–7.14), but less likely to identify being an ex-smoker (compared with never having smoked before) as a risk factor (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.12–0.90). Those with a strong family history of premature CVD, on average, had smoked 0.82 pack years more than those with an average family history of premature CVD (s.e. 4.22, P = 0.04). In conclusion, there continues to be both strengths and deficits in the community’s overall knowledge of CVD risk and protective factors, and a strong family history of premature CVD appears to be an independent risk factor for smoking.

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Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Gay Neighborhood Residence

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988312458793 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 110-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Mance E. Buttram ◽

Steven P. Kurtz

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Anal Intercourse ◽

Unprotected Anal Intercourse ◽

Health Risk Behaviors ◽

South Florida ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

Social Risk ◽

Factors Associated

Using a sample of 482 ethnically diverse current substance using men who have sex with men who reported recent unprotected anal intercourse, this study compared health risk behaviors—substance use and sexual HIV risk—and one health protective factor—prosocial activities—between men who live in a gay neighborhood and those who do not. Data are drawn from comprehensive health and social risk assessments administered in South Florida. In a multivariate logistic regression model, methamphetamine use, high rates of receptive unprotected anal intercourse, and lower levels of prosocial engagement were found to be risk factors associated with gay neighborhood residence. Compared with living elsewhere, gay neighborhood residence appeared to be protective against cocaine use and substance dependence. Implications of the findings for prevention interventions are discussed, as is the need for further research regarding decisions about neighborhood residence and how neighborhood risk and protective factors emerge and are sustained.

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