scholarly journals Transcriptome and functional analysis in a Drosophila model of NGLY1 deficiency provides insight into therapeutic approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie G Owings ◽  
Joshua B Lowry ◽  
Yiling Bi ◽  
Matthew Might ◽  
Clement Y Chow
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Drosophila Model ◽  
Insight Into

Special Issue on "Immunomodulatory and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases"

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Lavkush Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Infectious diseases and consequent immune imbalancesare major constraint in human health managementthroughout the world. However, in recentdecades enormous efforts have been made to elucidatethe immunomodulatory approaches againstinfectious diseases. Immunomodulation is a therapeuticapproach in which we try to intervene inauto regulating processes of the defense system toadjust the immune response at a desired level.The present special issue on cutting edge issues inImmunomodulation like Immune stimulation, Immunesuppression, Immune potentiating and immunereinforcement summarizes our current understandingof this complex mosaic. The accompanyingselection of recent articles from across theworld provides further insight into this topic. 

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Function, Biology, and Role in Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1960-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Murphy ◽  
Hossein Ardehali ◽  
Robert S. Balaban ◽  
Fabio DiLisa ◽  
Gerald W. Dorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Mitochondrial Defects ◽  
Exciting Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Cardiovascular disease is a major leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and elsewhere. Alterations in mitochondrial function are increasingly being recognized as a contributing factor in myocardial infarction and in patients presenting with cardiomyopathy. Recent understanding of the complex interaction of the mitochondria in regulating metabolism and cell death can provide novel insight and therapeutic targets. The purpose of this statement is to better define the potential role of mitochondria in the genesis of cardiovascular disease such as ischemia and heart failure. To accomplish this, we will define the key mitochondrial processes that play a role in cardiovascular disease that are potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions. This is an exciting time in mitochondrial research. The past decade has provided novel insight into the role of mitochondria function and their importance in complex diseases. This statement will define the key roles that mitochondria play in cardiovascular physiology and disease and provide insight into how mitochondrial defects can contribute to cardiovascular disease; it will also discuss potential biomarkers of mitochondrial disease and suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus: An ominous combination

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Banovic ◽  
Lavanya Athithan ◽  
Gerry P McCann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus are both progressive diseases which, if left untreated, result in significant morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that the prevalence of diabetes is substantially increased in patients with aortic stenosis and those with diabetes have increased rates of progression from mild to severe aortic stenosis. There are good data supporting the hypothesis that aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus are associated with diabetes mellitus being detrimental towards the quality of life and survival of patients. Thus, a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of both of these disease processes and the relationship between them aids in designing appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches. This review aims to give a comprehensive and up-to-date insight into the influence of diabetes mellitus on patients with degenerative aortic stenosis, as well as the prognosis and therapeutic approach to these patients.

scholarly journals Drosophila immune cells extravasate from vessels to wounds using Tre1 GPCR and Rho signaling

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 (9) ◽  
pp. 3045-3056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Thuma ◽  
Deborah Carter ◽  
Helen Weavers ◽  
Paul Martin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Epithelial Migration ◽  
Drosophila Model ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Insight Into

Inflammation is pivotal to fight infection, clear debris, and orchestrate repair of injured tissues. Although Drosophila melanogaster have proven invaluable for studying extravascular recruitment of innate immune cells (hemocytes) to wounds, they have been somewhat neglected as viable models to investigate a key rate-limiting component of inflammation—that of immune cell extravasation across vessel walls—due to their open circulation. We have now identified a period during pupal development when wing hearts pulse hemolymph, including circulating hemocytes, through developing wing veins. Wounding near these vessels triggers local immune cell extravasation, enabling live imaging and correlative light-electron microscopy of these events in vivo. We show that RNAi knockdown of immune cell integrin blocks diapedesis, just as in vertebrates, and we uncover a novel role for Rho-like signaling through the GPCR Tre1, a gene previously implicated in the trans-epithelial migration of germ cells. We believe this new Drosophila model complements current murine models and provides new mechanistic insight into immune cell extravasation.

Molecular targeted therapy: novel therapeutic approach for head and neck cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swatantra Shrivastava ◽  
Ravleen Nagi ◽  
Saurabh Sharma ◽  
Sajid Ahmed Rasul Sanadi ◽  
Elbadri Taha Dafallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Targeted Agents ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
Tumor Specificity ◽  
Insight Into

Cancer is a major public health burden worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. One of the major hallmarks of cancer is rapid growth and progression by evasion of host immune responses. Tumor resistance to conventional anticancer drugs by several mechanisms, such as drug inactivation, efflux pumps and enhanced toxicity to normal cells decreases their clinical efficacy. These limitations resulted in the development of new targeted agents, such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that have high tumor specificity. This paper discusses the therapeutic applications of novel molecular targeted agents and immunotherapy as an alternative treatment option for head and neck cancers, as well as provides insight into future therapeutic approaches for advanced head and neck cancers.

scholarly journals Perioperative Organ Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Bartels ◽  
Jörn Karhausen ◽  
Eric T. Clambey ◽  
Almut Grenz ◽  
Holger K. Eltzschig
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Despite the fact that a surgical procedure may have been performed for the appropriate indication and in a technically perfect manner, patients are threatened by perioperative organ injury. For example, stroke, myocardial infarction, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, or acute gut injury are among the most common causes for morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. In the current review, the authors discuss the pathogenesis of perioperative organ injury, and provide select examples for novel treatment concepts that have emerged over the past decade. Indeed, the authors are of the opinion that research to provide mechanistic insight into acute organ injury and identification of novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention or treatment of perioperative organ injury represent the most important opportunity to improve outcomes of anesthesia and surgery.

scholarly journals How to Improve the Antioxidant Defense in Asphyxiated Newborns—Lessons from Animal Models

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Hanna Kletkiewicz ◽  
Maciej Klimiuk ◽  
Alina Woźniak ◽  
Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska ◽  
Karol Dokladny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Neonatal Asphyxia ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in brain damage after neonatal asphyxia. In the early phase of asphyxia/reoxygenation, changes in antioxidant enzyme activity play a pivotal role in switching on and off the cascade of events that can kill the neurons. Hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) forces the brain to activate endogenous mechanisms (e.g., antioxidant enzymes) to compensate for the lost or broken neural circuits. It is important to evaluate therapies to enhance the self-protective capacity of the brain. In animal models, decreased body temperature during neonatal asphyxia has been shown to increase cerebral antioxidant capacity. However, in preterm or severely asphyxiated newborns this therapy, rather than beneficial seems to be harmful. Thus, seeking new therapeutic approaches to prevent anoxia-induced complications is crucial. Pharmacotherapy with deferoxamine (DFO) is commonly recognized as a beneficial regimen for H/I insult. DFO, via iron chelation, reduces oxidative stress. It also assures an optimal antioxidant protection minimizing depletion of the antioxidant enzymes as well as low molecular antioxidants. In the present review, some aspects of recently acquired insight into the therapeutic effects of hypothermia and DFO in promoting neuronal survival after H/I are discussed.

scholarly journals Refractory Epistaxis due to Severe Factor V Deficiency with Inhibitor

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. John ◽  
Minesh D. Patel ◽  
Julio Hajdenberg
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Bovine Thrombin ◽  
Complicated Case ◽  
Factor V Deficiency ◽  
Inhibitor Titer ◽  
Insight Into

Factor V deficiency secondary to inhibitors is extremely rare and can be caused by a wide collection of exposures such as bovine thrombin and beta lactamase antibiotics. The management of factor V deficiency with inhibitor is a condition treated based on case reports due to the rarity of this condition. We describe a complicated case of an elderly patient with severe factor V deficiency with high inhibitor titer refractory to FEIBA (anti-inhibitor coagulation complex) treated with NovoSeven concurrently with cyclosporine immunosuppression and Rituxan. Given that there are no consensus guidelines on treatment, this case offers important insight into the therapeutic approaches that can be used to treat such patients.

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