Epidemiological Studies of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome: Analysis of Risk Factors and Mode of Transmission

1985 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.-Y. Xu ◽  
C.-S. Guo ◽  
Y.-L. Wu ◽  
X.-W. Zhang ◽  
K. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Syndrome Analysis

Family-, Media-, and School-Related Risk Factors of Video Game Addiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Rehbein ◽  
Dirk Baier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
School Life ◽  
Video Game Addiction ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Game Addiction

In recent years, a variety of epidemiological studies have provided empirical data on the prevalence of video game addiction (GA) in different age groups. However, few studies investigated the causes of GA and could explain why video game playing as a widespread phenomenon leads to a comparatively small percentage of addicted players. Additionally, the existing longitudinal studies mainly consider psychological trait variables and neglect the possible explanatory value of predictors in socialization regarding media availability, media use, and family and everyday school life. In this paper, the results of a two-wave longitudinal study comprising a sample of students from Grades 4 to 9 (N = 406) are presented. The data show that 15-year-old video game addicts had already exhibited a number of specific risk factors at the age of 10. Students from single-parent families seem to be particularly at risk, as are students with low experienced school well-being and with a weaker social integration in class. The data also indicate that problematic use of video games in childhood increases the risk of GA in adolescence. Male students are especially vulnerable for developing GA. The results of this study are an important contribution to understanding risk factors for GA in adolescents, thereby laying the groundwork for effective prevention measures.

O impacto da Covid-19 na Odontologia – revisão sistemática

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (46) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Ana de Lourdes Sá de Lira ◽  
Francisca Janiele de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

This study aimed to review, qualify and summarize the existing evidence on associations and risk factors for Covid-19 during dental treatment and dentists’ knowledge about these risks. After being registered with PROSPERO, the systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, with searches in electronic databases, in specific journals, manual searches and Google Scholar, without language restrictions, from December 2019 to August 2020. Two questions were asked to be investigated: did patients seek dental care in the emergency room and do dentists know the symptoms and the mode of transmission of Covid-19, feeling qualified to attend them? Only 6 articles were included because they met all defined inclusion criteria. It was concluded that endodontic urgencies and emergencies with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis are the most common, consisting of a much higher proportion of dental emergencies during Covid-19 epidemic compared with dental trauma and no-urgent care. Although dentists are aware of the symptoms, mode of transmission, infection controls, and measures in dental clinics, they do not feel confident about the correct measures to be taken to prevent Covid-19 for their staff and patients.

scholarly journals An overview of the epidemiology of periodontal diseases in Latin America

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (spe) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Vicente Oppermann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Modifiable Factors

The aim of the present review was to identify the presence of periodontal diseases and the relative importance of known risk factors in Latin American countries. The retrieved data are sparse and inconsistent, lacking information for the majority of the countries. Gingivitis is ubiquitous in the region, affecting all ages independently of the socioeconomic background. The extension of bleeding may vary greatly, ranging from 40% to 70% of sites. The prevalence of aggressive periodontitis is higher in Latin America than in industrialized countries. Prevalence ranges from 0.3% to 4.5%, and the localized form is the less prevalent. The prevalence of chronic periodontitis is high, with a large variation (40-80%) probably due to differences in methodology and diagnostic criteria. Regional differences may be relevant. Known risk factors are present in the populations studied. Non-modifiable factors such as age, gender and genetics have been associated in Brazilian and Chilean populations. Tobacco smoking and diabetes are relevant risk factors. The importance of socioeconomic status, although present as a risk factor, has been largely underestimated. Oral hygiene is extremely deficient in the area although it is a cultural habit in most populations. It can be concluded that periodontal diseases are highly prevalent in Latin American populations. Its prevalence and extent are associated with known risk factors. Oral hygiene habits are deficient. Well designed epidemiological studies with external validity are needed.

scholarly journals Is there a link between glucose levels and heart failure? An update

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Schainberg ◽  
Antônio Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr. ◽  
José Marcio Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
The Relationship

It has been well documented that there is an increased prevalence of standard cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in association with diabetes and with diabetes-related abnormalities. Hyperglycemia, in particular, also plays an important role. Heart failure (HF) has become a frequent manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological studies suggest that the effect of hyperglycemia on HF risk is independent of other known risk factors. Analysis of datasets from populations including individuals with dysglycemia suggests the pathogenic role of hyperglycemia on left ventricular function and on the natural history of HF. Despite substantial epidemiological evidence of the relationship between diabetes and HF, data from available interventional trials assessing the effect of a glucose-lowering strategy on CV outcomes are limited. To provide some insight into these issues, we describe in this review the recent important data to understand the natural course of CV disease in diabetic individuals and the role of hyperglycemia at different times in the progression of HF.

scholarly journals The Impact of RSV-Associated Respiratory Disease on Children in Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 079-088
Author(s):  
Maduja Divarathne ◽  
Rukshan Ahamed ◽  
Faseeha Noordeen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAcute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are leading contributors to the global infectious disease burden, which is estimated to be 112,900,000 disability adjusted life years. Viruses contribute to the etiology of ARTIs in a big way compared with other microorganisms. Since the discovery of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 61 years ago, the virus has been recognized as a major cause of ARTI and hospitalization in children. The morbidity and mortality attributable to RSV infection appear to be higher in infants < 3 months and in those with known risk factors such as prematurity, chronic lung, and congenital heart diseases. Crowded living conditions, exposure to tobacco smoke, and industrial or other types of air pollution also increase the risk of RSV-associated ARTI. Many epidemiological studies have been conducted in developed countries to understand the seasonal patterns and risk factors associated with RSV infections. Dearth of information on RSV-associated morbidity and mortality in Asian and developing countries indicates the need for regional reviews to evaluate RSV-associated disease burden in these countries. Epidemiological studies including surveillance is the key to track the disease burden including risk factors, seasonality, morbidity, and mortality associated with RSV infection in these countries. These data will contribute to improve the clinical diagnosis and plan preventive strategies in resource-limited developing countries.

scholarly journals A Molecular Survey on Neglected Gurltia paralysans and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus Infections in Domestic Cats (Felis catus) from Southern Chile

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Natasha Barrios ◽  
Marcelo Gómez ◽  
Macarena Zanelli ◽  
Lisbeth Rojas-Barón ◽  
Paulina Sepúlveda-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Factors Associated

Gurltia paralysans and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus are neglected metastrongyloid nematode species which infect domestic and wild cats in South American countries and in Chile, but no epidemiological studies on concomitant infections have been conducted in Chile so far. The aim of this study was not only to evaluate the occurrence of concomitant infections, but also to identify epidemiological risk factors associated with of G. paralysans and A. abstrusus infections in urban domestic cats (Felis catus) from Southern Chile. Blood samples from clinically healthy domestic cats from three cities of Southern Chile—Temuco, Valdivia, and Puerto Montt—were analyzed by an experimental semi-nested PCR protocol. A total of 171 apparently healthy domestic cats in Temuco (n = 68), Valdivia (n = 50), and Puerto Montt (n = 53) were sampled and analyzed. A total of 93 domestic cats (54.4%) were positive for G. paralysans, and 34 (19.9%) were positive for A. abstrusus infections. From those animals, 34 (19.9%) were co-infected. Cats positive with G. paralysans were found in all three cities; 47.2% in Puerto Montt, 48% in Valdivia, and 64.7% in Temuco. Levels of infection for A. abstrusus in the population under study were 4% (Valdivia), 10% (Puerto Montt), and 32.4% (Temuco). The present large-scale epidemiological study confirmed the presence of these neglected nematodes in domestic cat populations in Southern Chile, and described the possible risk factors associated with feline gurltiosis and aelurostrongylosis.

scholarly journals Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors in the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease

US Neurology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Forstmeier ◽  
Andreas Maercker ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk

This article summarises empirical findings on major potentially modifiable risk factors in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), drawing on data from longitudinal epidemiological studies on the incidence of AD or any-cause dementia. Risk factors investigated to date include cognitive ability, motivational ability, emotional health, physical activity, social activity and social network, vascular risk factors and nutrition. The authors find most empirical support for two main clusters of risk factors that also represent potential targets for prevention. First, an active and stimulating lifestyle including cognitive, social, and physical activities reduces the risk of AD. Second, the absence of vascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterol and obesity reduces the risk of AD. More prevention trials are warranted to investigate the preventative effects of an active and stimulating lifestyle on the one hand, and vascular health on the other, in delaying the onset of AD or slowing its progression.

scholarly journals INDIKATOR ENTOMOLOGI DAN RISIKO PENULARAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI PULAU JAWA, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Wiwik Trapsilowati, SKM, M.Kes ◽  
Yusnita Mirna Anggraeni ◽  
Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽  
Aryani Pujiyanti ◽  
Triwibowo Ambar Garjito
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Potential Region ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Surveillance Method ◽  
Distribution Vector ◽  
Free Rate

One of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) transmission risk factors is presence of vectors, especially Aedes aegypti. Vector surveillance is carried out to determine vectors distribution, vector density and risk of transmission. The larva survey is a common and easy vector surveillance method. This study aims to describe the cases and deaths due to DHF and entomological indicators in Java. This study was further analysis of Special Research Disease of Vector and Reservoir (Rikhus Vektora). Data collection was conducted in 2016 - 2018. The study locations were five provinces on Java Island i.e. East Jawa, West Jawa, Banten, DI Yogyakarta, DKI Jakarta and three districts were each taken. The data of DHF cases and entomology were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study show that the last two years were 50% districts experienced an increase in DHF cases and 38.9% an increase in deaths. The highest house index was 50% and lowest was 9%, highest larval free rate was 91% and lowest was 50%. The highest container index was 26.48%, lowest was 3.68%, and the highest breteau index was 67, lowest was 11. As many as 73.3% districts have the most water containers were buckets and 26.7% most water containers were bathtubs. Java Island has a medium to high potential region toward DHF transmission occurs. Increased knowledge and skills for eradication mosquito correctly by individually and community needs to be planned and implemented sustainable, to increase community participation as well.

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