scholarly journals Simultaneous Identification and Quantification of Three Xanthones and Two Polyisoprenylated Benzophenones in Eight Indian Garcinia Species Using a Validated UHPLC-PDA Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1423-1434
Author(s):  
Azazahemad A Kureshi ◽  
Chirag Dholakiya ◽  
Tabaruk Hussain ◽  
Amit Mirgal ◽  
Siddhesh P Salvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Simultaneous Identification ◽  
Gradient Elution Mode ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Abstract Background: Xanthones and polyisoprenylated benzophenones (PIBs) are two important classes of plant secondary metabolites with a wide range of bioactivities. Garcinia species synthesize numerous xanthones and PIBs. As per the literature, no data claiming simultaneous identification and quantification of three xanthones, α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, and two PIBs, xanthochymol, isoxanthochymol, were found. Methods: A validated ultra-HPLC (UHPLC)-photodiode array (PDA) method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of five compounds in different extracts of eight Indian Garcinia species was developed. The compounds were separated on a Waters ACQUITY™ UPLC H-Class column using a mobile phase consisting of solvents 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and methanol (B) in gradient elution mode. The total run time was 9 min. Results: From fruit rinds of eight Indian Garcinia species, namely Garcinia cambogia, G. cowa, G. indica, G. loniceroides, G. mangostana, G. morella, G. pedunculata, and G. xanthochymus, extracts were prepared using solvents of varying polarity. These extracts were analyzed for five biologically important compounds, namely α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, xanthochymol, and isoxanthochymol. The results revealed that there is a wide variation in concentration of these compounds in extracts of Garcinia species. Conclusions: The developed and validated UHPLC-PDA method could be used for simultaneous identification and quantification of these five compounds for bioprospection of other Garcinia species.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Identification and Quantification of Canrenone and 11-α-Hydroxy-Canrenone by LC-MS and HPLC-UVD

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Ming Huang ◽  
Tian-Zhen Zhang ◽  
Feng-Jie Cui ◽  
Wen-Jing Sun ◽  
Li-Ming Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Elution Time ◽  
Ultraviolet Detector ◽  
Simultaneous Identification ◽  
Identification And Quantification

A procedure for simultaneous identification and quantification of canrenone and its biotransformed product 11-α-hydroxy-canrenone by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UVD) and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods was proposed. The optimal determination variables on the HPLC-UVD or LC-MS coupled with a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) were set as follows: detection wavelength of 280 nm, mobile phase of water and methanol gradient elution, temperature for the chromatographic column of 30°C, flow rate of mobile phase of 0.8 mL/min, sample injection volume of 5 μL, and elution time of 40 min. The MS conditions were set as follows: the flow rate of sheath gas, aux gas, and sweep gas were kept at 35 arb, 5 arb, and 0 arb, respectively. The temperature of capillary was held at 300°C, and capillary voltage was set at 30.00 V. Tube lens were performed at 100.00 V. The proposed method was validated by linearity ( ≥ 0.9910), average recovery (94.93%, RSD1.21%), precision (RSD ≤ 1.31%), limit of detection, and limit of quantification (LOD 0.1~0.12 mg/L, LOQ 0.5~0.67 mg/L), which proved to be affordable for simultaneously determining canrenone and its bio-transformed product 11-α-hydroxy-canrenone.

scholarly journals Gradient HPLC in the determination of drug lipophilicity and acidity

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1465-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Kaliszan ◽  
Piotr Haber ◽  
Tomasz Baczek ◽  
Danuta Siluk
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Log P ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Organic Modifier ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aqueous Component ◽  
Initial Ph

The linear-solvent strength (LSS) model of gradient elution in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been demonstrated to provide parameters of lipophilicity and acidity of analytes. pKa and log kw values are determined in three gradient runs. The first two experiments use an aqueous buffered eluent with a wide-range organic modifier gradient at pH of buffer, providing suppression of ionization of the analyte. That experiment allows an estimate of contents of the organic modifier in the mobile phase (%B), producing requested retention coefficient, k, for the nonionized form of the analyte. The next experiment is carried out with the latter %B and a pH-gradient of the aqueous component of the eluent that is sufficient to overlap possible pKa value of the analyte. The initial pH of the buffer used to make the mobile phase is selected to insure that the analyte is in nonionized form. The resulting retention time allows an estimate of pKa in a solvent of the given %B.The log kw parameter obtained correlated well with the corresponding value obtained by the standard procedure of extrapolation of retention data determined in a series of isocratic measurements. The correlation between log kw and the reference parameter of lipophilicity, log P, was very good for a series of test analytes. The values of pKa were found to correlate with the literature pKa data determined in water for a set of aniline derivatives studied.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array Detection Method for Simultaneous Identification and Quantification of Coumarin, Precocene-I, β-Caryophyllene Oxide, α-Humulene, and β-Caryophyllene in Ageratum Conyzoides Extracts and Essential Oils from Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-864
Author(s):  
Sonal Shah ◽  
Tushar Dhanani ◽  
Sonu Sharma ◽  
Raghuraj Singh ◽  
Satyanshu Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Simultaneous Identification ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Abstract Background Ageratum conyzoides is an aromatic plant. It is considered as an invasive and cosmopolite weed, widely spread in tropical and subtropical regions. Phytochemicals such as benzopyrenes, flavonoids, and terpenoids are reported from A. conyzoides. Objective Development and validation of a reversed-phase HPLC-photodiode array (PDA) detection method for simultaneous identification and quantification of coumarin, precocene-I, β-caryophyllene oxide, α-humulene, and β-caryophyllene in extracts of A. conyzoides and essential oils was carried out. Methods Separation of analytes was achieved on a RP-18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column using a solvent system comprising of a mixture of acetonitrile and water with 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in gradient elution mode at ambient temperature with flow rate of 1 mL/min. Results The retention time of coumarin, precocene-I, β-caryophyllene oxide, α-humulene, and β-caryophyllene was 4.38, 12.86, 20.10, 33.34, and 35.11 min, respectively. Limits of detection for coumarin, precocene-I, β-caryophyllene oxide, α-humulene, and β-caryophyllene were 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 0.025, and 2.5 µg/mL, respectively. Similarly, LOQ were 10, 10, 10, 0.10, and 10 µg/mL for coumarin, precocene-I, β-caryophyllene oxide, α-humulene, and β- caryophyllene, respectively. Repeatabilities (RSD, %) values for intraday and interday precision for coumarin, precocene-I, β-caryophyllene oxide, α-humulene, and β-caryophyllene was 0.765–2.086 and 0.886–2.128; 0.879–1.672 and 0.979–1.825; 0.696–2.418 and 0.768–2.592; 1.728–2.362 and 1.965–2.378; 1.615–2.897 and 1.658–2.906, respectively. Conclusions The separation of five analytes was achieved within 50 min. The developed and validated HPLC-PDA method was successfully applied for identification and quantification of above five analytes in A. conyzoides extracts and essential oils. The method could be used for meeting the characterization criteria of phytoformulations.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Rumen Fermentation and Methane Gas Production by Plant Secondary Metabolites (Saponin, Tannin and Essential Oil) – A Review of Ten-Year Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saied Jafari ◽  
Mahdi Ebrahimi ◽  
Yong M. Goh ◽  
Mohamed A. Rajion ◽  
Mohamed F. Jahromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Ruminant Feed

AbstractA wide range of plant secondary metabolites (PSM) have been shown to have the potential to modulate the fermentation process in the rumen. The use of plants and plant extracts as natural feed additives has become an interesting topic not only among nutritionists but also other scientists. Although a large number of phytochemicals (e.g. saponins, tannins and essential oils) have recently been investigated for their methane (CH4) reduction potential, there have not yet been major breakthroughs that could be applied in practice. However, the effectiveness of these PSM depends on the source, type and the level of their presence in plant products. The aim of the present review was to assess ruminal CH4 emission through a comparison of integrating related studies from published papers, which described various levels of different PSM sources being added to ruminant feed. Apart from CH4, other related rumen fermentation parameters were also included in this review.

scholarly journals An efficient HILIC-MS/MS method for the trace level determination of three potential genotoxic impurities in aripiprazole active drug substance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanth Mullangi ◽  
Kunta Ravindhranath ◽  
Ravi Kiran Panchakarla
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Drug Substance ◽  
Hydrophilic Interaction ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Genotoxic Impurities ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Gradient Elution Mode

AbstractA sensitive and selective hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for trace analysis of potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs): 2,3-dichloroaniline (PGI-1), bis(2-chloroethyl) amine (PGI-2), and 2-chloroethylamine (PGI-3), in aripiprazole (APZ) active drug substance. Separation of analytes was achieved on ACE HILIC–N Column (HILN-5-1046U, 100 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) in gradient elution mode with mobile phase A [acetonitrile:ammonium formate buffer (95:5 v/v)] and mobile phase B [acetonitrile:ammonium formate buffer (50:50 v/v)] at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Developed method was linear in the concentration range of 8–100 ppm for PGI-1, 11–100 ppm for PGI-2, and 12.5–100ppm for PGI-3 with R2 > 0.996. The developed method was accurate for quantification of each PGI with percent recoveries greater than 96% and RSD (%) not more than 5%. The developed method was precise for quantification of PGIs in aripiprazole with RSD (%) of not more than 4% for any of the PGIs. There was no interference of diluent peaks at the retention time of the PGIs and APZ in the method. All the PGIs and sample solutions were found to be stable at ambient laboratory temperature (25 ± 5 °C) and refrigerated condition (2–8 °C) for a period of 48 h. The developed HILIC-MS/MS method can be used for trace quantification of PGIs in aripiprazole drug in quality control laboratories of the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Activities of Tannins – from in Vitro Studies to Clinical Trials

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwira Sieniawska
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Wide Range

Tannins are considered as valuable plant secondary metabolites providing many benefits for human health. In this review information was gathered about bioactivity in vitro and in vivo, as well as about conducted clinical trials. The literature research was based on ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and presents a wide range of tested activities of tannins. The described clinical trials verify laboratory tests and show the effective health benefits taken from supplementation with tannins.

Quantitative Determination of Anthraquinones and Resveratrol in Polygonum Cillinerve (Nakai) Ohwi by HPLC-PAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Wu ◽  
Xinsheng Wang ◽  
Pu Liu ◽  
Qingshan Niu ◽  
Qinan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Funiu Mountain ◽  
Phase Column

Abstract A simple, sensitive, and validated high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array method has been established for the simultaneous determination of anthraquinones and resveratrol in Polygonum Cillinerve (Nakai) Ohwi (Zhushaqi in Chinese). The evaluation was performed using a Sunfire C18 reversed-phase column with 30°C column temperature. The mobile phase was composed of a gradient elution of 0.5% acetic acid (solvent A) and methanol (solvent B) with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was at 254nm. The method developed and validated is simple, shows good linearity, sensitivity, precision, and recovery, and is applied to analyze anthraquinones and resveratrol in 13 batches of Zhushaqi. The results show that the target compounds of Zhushaqi are significantly different among these samples. Based on results of the statistical analysis, the samples collected from Funiu Mountain were clustered together, and the samples obtained fromBozhou Market were close together. The developed method can be a useful tool in quality control and used to evaluate difference and to identify the geographical area of Zhushaqi, and also to provide technical support for the pharmacological and clinical research of related drugs.

scholarly journals Potential Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Activity of Plant Secondary Metabolites: Insight with Molecular Docking Interactions

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Manu Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Singh ◽  
Prem Pratap Singh ◽  
Vipin Kumar Singh ◽  
Avinash Chandra Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Adverse Side Effect ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Complications

Tuberculosis (TB) is a recurrent and progressive disease, with high mortality rates worldwide. The drug-resistance phenomenon of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major obstruction of allelopathy treatment. An adverse side effect of allelopathic treatment is that it causes serious health complications. The search for suitable alternatives of conventional regimens is needed, i.e., by considering medicinal plant secondary metabolites to explore anti-TB drugs, targeting the action site of M. tuberculosis. Nowadays, plant-derived secondary metabolites are widely known for their beneficial uses, i.e., as antioxidants, antimicrobial agents, and in the treatment of a wide range of chronic human diseases (e.g., tuberculosis), and are known to “thwart” disease virulence. In this regard, in silico studies can reveal the inhibitory potential of plant-derived secondary metabolites against Mycobacterium at the very early stage of infection. Computational approaches based on different algorithms could play a significant role in screening plant metabolites against disease virulence of tuberculosis for drug designing.

Chemical and biological assays for quantification of major plant secondary metabolites

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harinder P.S. Makkar
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
Chromatographic Paper ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryDuring grazing, animals interact with many compounds in the diet. Plant secondary metabolites (PSM) such as tannins, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, mimosine. could have wide ranging effects –beneficial or harmful, depending on the nature, quantity in the plant, and amount and rate of ingestion of the PSM. A wide range of methods is available to quantify these PSM. The methods presented for tannins are based on the oxidation-reduction, metal complexing, polyethylene glycol binding and protein precipitation/binding principles of tannins. A tannin bioassay based onin vitrogas production using a medium containing rumen microbes, and incubation of the plant sample with and without polyethylene glycol (a tannin-inactivating agent) is also discussed. Saponins have haemolitic activity, and a qualitative and a quantitative assay are based on this property are described, in addition to a spectrophotometric assay. Cyanogenic glycosides are measured using picric acid methods with and without distillation. The methods described for mimosine determination are based on its reaction with ferric chloride and diazotised p-nitroaniline. Alkaloids are a chemically heterogeneous group of compounds. Therefore, it is difficult to assay alkaloids using a single method. An approach, for qualitative assessment of alkaloids in feeds and forages, based on the use of various spray reagents on the developed TLC plate or a paper chromatographic paper is presented.

scholarly journals Antiparasitic effects of selected isoflavones on flatworms

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
D. Faixová ◽  
G. Hrčková ◽  
T. Mačák Kubašková ◽  
D. Mudroňová
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Antiparasitic Drug ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryMedicinal plants have been successfully used in the ethno medicine for a wide range of diseases since ancient times. The research on natural products has allowed the discovery of biologically relevant compounds inspired by plant secondary metabolites, what contributed to the development of many chemotherapeutic drugs. Flavonoids represent a group of therapeutically very effective plant secondary metabolites and selected molecules were shown to exert also antiparasitic activity. This work summarizes the recent knowledge generated within past three decades about potential parasitocidal activities of several flavonoids with different chemical structures, particularly on medically important flatworms such as Schistosoma spp., Fasciola spp., Echinococcus spp., Raillietina spp., and model cestode Mesocestoides vogae. Here we focus on curcumin, genistein, quercetin and silymarin complex of flavonolignans. All of them possess a whole spectrum of biological activities on eukaryotic cells which have multi-therapeutic effects in various diseases. In vitro they can induce profound alterations in the tegumental architecture and its functions as well as their activity can significantly modulate or damage worm´s metabolism directly by interaction with enzymes or signaling molecules in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, they seem to differentially regulate the RNA activity in numbers of worm´s genes. This review suggests that examined flavonoids and their derivates are promising molecules for antiparasitic drug research. Due to lack of toxicity, isoflavons could be used directly for therapy, or as adjuvant therapy for diseases caused by medically important cestodes and trematodes.

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