Standardization of Bacterial Numbers on Penicylinders Used in Disinfectant Testing: Interlaboratory Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-637
Author(s):  
Eugene C Cole ◽  
William A Rutala ◽  
Gregory P Samsa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Interlaboratory Study ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Adjustment Method ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Test Organisms

Abstract An interlaboratory study was conducted to evaluate a method of standardizing bacterial numbers on penicylinders used in the AOAC use-dilution method (4.007-4.015) of disinfectant testing. Eight participating laboratories followed a broth adjustment method using their media and stock cultures of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Salmonella choleraesuis ATCC 10708, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442. The culture broths that were used to inoculate the penicylinders were incubated for 48 h at 37°C after several (4-6) 24 h passages. McFarland turbidity standards of 1.0 and 0.5 were used to adjust visually the cultures of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. S. choleraesuis was used undiluted. The results showed significant variability in numbers of test bacteria which adhered to die penicylinders, with mean values of 1.6 x 106 for S. choleraesuis, 3.5 x 106 for S. aureus, and 8.2 x 106 for P. aeruginosa. The results from collaborating laboratories attempting standardization of bacterial numbers on penicylinders demonstrated significant interlaboratory and cylinder variation for all 3 test organisms.

Turbidimetric Evaluation of Bacterial Culture Resistance in Disinfectant Testing

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
John H S Chen ◽  
L F Ortenzio
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Turbidimetric Method ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Test Cultures

Abstract A simple turbidimetric method has been developed for determining the degree of phenol resistance of cultures used for disinfectant testing. Net transmission values are used to assess t h e degree of resistance; these are based on t h e measurement of the total amount of light scattered by the bacterial growth i n the AOAC broth medium without interfering turbidity of the dissolved ingredients. A decrease in the net transmission value corresponds to a decrease in phenol resistance; the converse is also true . The transmission values obtained in a 10 month study of a total of 77 weekly r and om samples of AOAC nutrient broth media blanks showed no substantial differences among the broth media tested by the turbidimetric method. Net transmission values were obtained for 71 broth cultures of Salmonella choleraesuis, 74 of Staphylococcus aureus, and 78 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa having the same required resistance against phenol. These values, which fell within a wider range than would be expected, are given. The effect of the number of 10-carrier-soakings on the net transmission value and equivalent phenol resistance of the cultures was determined for 60 broth cultures of the 3 test organisms named above. Soaking wet cylinder carriers in a given volume of test cultures used for the AOAC use-dilution test directly reduced the net transmission value and equivalently decreased the phenol resistance of the cultures. The turbidimetric method has proven experimentally satisfactory i n several hundred determinations and in selecting test cultures of uniform quality for disinfectant testing.

Quantitative Evaluation of Bacteria Washed from Stainless Steel Penicylinders During AOAC Use-Dilution Method

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-871
Author(s):  
Edith M Alfano ◽  
Eugene C Cole ◽  
William A Rut Ala
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Dilution Water ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Stainless steel penicylinders inoculated separately with test bacteria {Salmonella choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Staphylococcus aureus) are used in the AOAC use-dilution method (UDM) for disinfectant efficacy testing. Numbers of bacteria remaining on penicylinders were quantitatively assessed to determine if cells are washed from the penicylinders after a 10 min exposure to phosphate buffer dilution water (PBDW). Inoculated penicylinders were also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the presence of cells remaining attached to the penicylinders after a 10 min exposure to a quaternary ammonium disinfectant and separately to PBDW. The percentage of cells washed from inoculated penicylinders exposed to PBDW was 89.9 for Salmonella choleraesuis, 48.8 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 38.8 for Staphylococcus aureus. Qualitative examination of penicylinders by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the attachment of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa cells to penicylinders exposed separately to PBDW and a quaternary ammonium disinfectant. Few S. choleraesuis cells were observed on penicylinders exposed to PBDW and no cells were observed after disinfectant exposure. The variability of the numbers of viable cells entering the recovery media among the 3 UDM test bacteria due to cell detachment could be a significant factor in the recognized variability of the use-dilution method.

scholarly journals Jabuticaba skin extracts: phenolic compounds and antibacterial activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Cíntia de Oliveira ◽  
Tamara Rezende Marques ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Andrade Machado ◽  
Thaís Cristina Lima de Carvalho ◽  
Aline Aparecida Caetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract The phenolic compounds from various extracts of jabuticaba skin powder (JSP) were characterized in this study, and the antibacterial activity assessed. The phenolic compounds were extracted from the JSP using four methods: a) acetone extraction - 1 g JSP: 10 mL 70% acetone, resting for 2 hours; b) aqueous extract - 1 g JSP: 15 mL water, under agitation; c) ethanolic extract - 1 g JSP: 15 mL acidified ethanol, under agitation; and d) methanolic extract - 1 g JSP: 50 mL 50% methanol, under reflux. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the agar diffusion assay, using Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Salmonella choleraesuis ATCC 6539, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19117. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts showed the highest levels of phenolic compounds, especially of cyanidin chloride, catechin and epicatechin. The extracts did not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella choleraesuis, but inhibited 30% of the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an extract concentration of 250 µg mL-1. Against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes the highest inhibitory effect observed was 41.8% for the ethanolic extract, followed by 36% inhibition by the methanolic extract, thus revealing the potential of these extracts as possible alternatives for use in the food and/or pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF A HYDROGEN PEROXIDE DISINFECTANT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Luz Karime Medina-cÓrdoba ◽  
Ligia Lucia Valencia-mosquera ◽  
Gretty Paola Tarazona-diaz ◽  
Janeth Del Carmen Arias-palacios
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽  
High Level

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a disinfectant based on hydrogen peroxide.Methods: The method used to assess the efficacy of the disinfectant was the agar plate technique. With this procedure, it was possible to determine the percentage of inhibition of the high-level disinfectant of STERIS against four microorganisms, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus aureus (Beta-Hemolytic 227), Salmonella choleraesuis (Kuznedorf CMDM 074), and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633). The effectiveness of five disinfectant concentrations (0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, 1%, and 2%) was determined and evaluated in three different times 5, 10, and 15 min, for vegetative strains and 3, 6, and 9 h for the sporulated strain.Results: According to the experimental test, the reduction of the microbial population was, on average, 100% for the disinfectant concentrations of 0.08%, 1%, and 2%.Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrated that the high-level disinfectant of STERIS based on hydrogen peroxide is 100% effective when the concentration recommended by the commercial house (2%) is used in the shortest time exposure to disinfectant. The minimum level of effectiveness was 0.08%; however, if lower concentrations are used, destruction of the microorganisms is not guaranteed.

scholarly journals INVESTIGAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIBACTERIANA DE Calendula officinalis L. (ASTERACEAE)

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marcia De Matos Volpato ◽  
Ester De Moura Rios ◽  
Marilis Dallarmi Miguel ◽  
Paulo Cesar Sander ◽  
Obdúlio Gomes Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antibacterial Action ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

A atividade antimicrobiana de Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) já foi cientificamente comprovada em outros países. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de C. officinalis cultivada no Paraná - Brasil, nas condições de extração etanólica 50%, com filtração e partições sucessivas com hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila e butanol, frente a cepas Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 e Bacillus cereus, pela técnica da difusão em meio sólido por cavidade e posteriormente pelo método de diluição em placa. Os resultados demonstraram que algumas frações do extrato inibiram as bactérias gram-positivas, com atividade frente a Staphylococcus e Bacilos e inexiste em gram negativas, indicando que o princípio ativo responsável pela atividade antibacteriana observada possa ser isolado a partir das frações Hexânica e DCM nas condições de extração propostas neste trabalho. Abstract The Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) antimicrobial action has already been scientifically proved in other countries. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial action of the Callendula officinalis which is grown in Paraná - Brasil, under extraction conditions at ethanol 50%, with filtration and successive partitions with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butane, contrasting with strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and Bacilus cereus, by the difusion technique in solid media by cavity and afterwards by the plaque dilution method. The results showed that some fractions of the extract inhibited the gram-prositive bacteria, with activity in contrast with Staphylococcus and Bacillus and non-existing in gram-negative, also indicating that the active ingredient responsible for the antibacterial action observed can be isolated from the Hexanic and DCM fractions under the extraction conditions proposed in this study.

scholarly journals Atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos metanólicos de diferentes espécies do gênero Lippia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e22610918051
Author(s):  
Soraya Castro Trindade ◽  
Jurandi Nery Pereira-Filho ◽  
Laerte Oliveira Barreto Neto ◽  
Thais Brito de Oliveira Moura ◽  
Antonio Pedro Fróes de Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis

As espécies do gênero Lippia (Verbenaceae) possuem diversas moléculas bioativas, oriundas do seu metabolismo secundário, que apresentam atividade antimicrobiana, analgésica, antifúngica e imunomoduladora. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do extrato metanólico das folhas de L. alnifolia, L. origanoides, L. insignis e L. thymoides frente a microrganismos de importância clínica.  Foi realizada uma triagem fitoquímica dos extratos das plantas e a avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana pelo método de difusão em disco, além da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) frente às bactérias Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella choleraesuis, e os fungos Candida albicans e Candida glabrata. A presença de saponinas, terpenos, esteroides, cumarinas, ácidos fenólicos e flavonoides foi observada na análise fitoquímica. Os extratos metanólicos das folhas de L. alnifolia, L. origanoides e L. insignis apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra todas os microrganismos testados. O extrato metanólico da L. thymoides apresentou atividade antimicrobiana frente aos microrganismos M. luteus, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, C. albicans e C. glabrata. A maioria dos extratos apresentou atividade bacteriostática e todos os extratos apresentaram atividade fungistática para C. albicans e fungicida para C. glabrata. A utilização dos extratos de Lippia pode ser uma alternativa viável no tratamento de doenças infecciosas de origem bacteriana e fúngica.

scholarly journals Coeficiente fenólico na avaliação microbiológica de desinfetantes de uso hospitalar e doméstico

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Jorge Timenetsky ◽  
Flávio Alterthum
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis

Analisou-se o coeficiente fenólico de 24 desinfetantes comercializados em São Paulo (Brasil). Seis produtos eram de uso hospitalar e os restantes de uso doméstico. Os compostos ativos eram à base de fenóis, amônio quaternário, formaldeído, etanol e cloro, sendo que alguns estavam associados. Os microrganismos utilizados foram Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 e Salmonella choleraesuis ATCC 10708. Os valores dos coeficientes fenólicos variaram de 58,3 a 0,1. Os desinfetantes hospitalares mostraram valores superiores aos de uso doméstico, mas estas diferenças, proporcionalmente, não significaram melhor qualidade dos mesmos. O método microbiológico adotado mostrou que alguns produtos, de uso doméstico, aparentemente possuiam atividade antibacteriana baixa ou inexistente porque o coeficiente fenólico não pôde ser obtido nas diluições utilizadas na avaliação.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Acute Toxicity Testing of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeyomi Wilfred Olobayotan ◽  
Bukola Catherine Akin-Osanaiye ◽  
Olukemi A. Onuh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Test Organisms

Antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was studied using the macrobroth dilution technique. The silver nanoparticles was significantly active (p > 0.05) against the test organisms at an extract concentration of 75 µg/ml. Concentrations ≤ 50 µg/ml were not as effective as the colony forming units at this concentration, 1.61 x 106 for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and concentrations ≤ 25 µg/ml 1.45 x 106 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively, were about the same range as the colony forming units of the controls. The silver nanoparticles inhibited Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus more (MIC of 75 µg/ml and MBC of 100 µg/ml) than they inhibited P. aeruginosa (both MIC and MBC was 100 µg/ml). The LD50 of the synthesized silver nanoparticles after oral administration was seen to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight and is therefore thought to be safe. This study supports the use of silver nanoparticles as therapeutic agents. KEYWORDS: Nanoparticles, Biosynthesis, Inhibition, Therapeutic agents, Macroboth Technique

scholarly journals Actividad bactericida del agua de plata coloidal sobre indicadores de calidad microbiológica: un estudio a partir de muestras ambientales

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marí­a Belén Puente Balda ◽  
Marco Esteban Gudiño Gomezjurado ◽  
Elena Isabel Granda Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
E Coli ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Los Grupos

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la actividad bactericida del agua de plata coloidal sobre los microorganismos indicadores de la calidad microbiológica aislados a partir de muestras de: (i) agua de 16 canales de riego en la provincia de Tungurahua-Ecuador y (ii) los utensilios e insumos de una cocina en una cafeterí­a en Quito-Ecuador. Para esto se confrontó 4 ppm, 10 pmm y 15 ppm de agua de plata coloidal durante 15, 30 y 60 minutos con los crecimientos equivalentes a A625 de 0,08-0,1 de las cepas de: Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 10708, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 y Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442. Una vez estandarizada la técnica se comparó la densidad poblacional de: mesófilos aerobios, E. coli -coliformes totales y enterobacterias de 16 muestras de agua de canales de riego y de 11 superficies de preparación de alimentos antes y después de la exposición a 4 ppm, 10 ppm y 15 ppm de la suspensión de plata coloidal. La plata inhibió el crecimiento de todos los grupos microbianos evaluados en los canales de riego excepto en el 31,3% (n=5) de los casos en los que a 4 ppm de plata los recuentos de las bacterias mesófilas aerobias estuvieron en un rango de entre 10x102 UFC/mL y 40x102 UFC/mL. Para el caso de las muestras recolectadas en la cafeterí­a, los recuentos de mesófilos aerobios disminuyeron en el 64,3% (n=9) del total de superficies muestreadas mientras que el número de E. coli - coliformes totales disminuyó en el 93% (n=13) de las áreas muestreadas a partir los 5 minutos de exposición con de 4 ppm de agua de plata coloidal.

Bacterial Numbers on Penicylinders Used in Disinfectant Testing: Use of 24 Hour Adjusted Broth Cultures

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Eugene C Cole ◽  
William A Rutala
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Growth Studies ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Disinfectant Efficacy

Abstract The current AOAC use-dilution methods of disinfectant efficacy testing require the use of 48-54 h unadjusted broth cultures of Salmonella choleraesuis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the inoculation of stainless steel penicylinders. The use of unadjusted broth cultures contributes to noncomparable numbers of organisms on penicylinders among the test strains due to relative efficacy of bacterial attachment to penicylinders and to bacterial numbers in broth. To achieve comparable numbers of cells on the penicylinders among the 3 test strains, the cell densities of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in broth culture were visually adjusted. Growth studies were conducted using S. choleraesuis and P. aeruginosa to determine the numbers of cells in broth at timed intervals and the corresponding numbers of cells attaching to the penicylinders. Results showed that the use of the 24 h broth cultures for all 3 test strains, with adjustment of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa broths, contributes to more comparable numbers of organisms attached to the penicylinders used in disinfectant testing.

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