scholarly journals Simple, At-Site Detection of Diethylene Glycol/Ethylene Glycol Contamination of Glycerin and Glycerin-Based Raw Materials by Thin-Layer Chromatography

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen S Kenyon ◽  
Shi Xiaoye ◽  
Wang Yan ◽  
Ng Wai Har ◽  
Robert Prestridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Health ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
Laboratory Facilities ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract This paper describes a rapid, inexpensive thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method that separates diethylene glycol (DEG) from glycerin and other glycols. Studies with collaborating laboratories of the World Health Organization have shown that about 6% DEG in glycerin and about 2% DEG in acetaminophen (paracetamol) elixirs may be detected by direct visual inspection of the developed TLC sheets. Staining the sheet permits detection of DEG at less than 0.1%. The method costs less than $1.00 per test and takes 20 min by visual inspection, longer when staining is required. The visual method can be performed without laboratory facilities by personnel having little previous training. Samples testing positive by the visual method can be submitted to a laboratory for confirmation and quantitation of DEG.

scholarly journals Design and Development of an Instrument on Knowledge of Food Safety, Practices, and Risk Perception Addressed to Children and Adolescents from Low-Income Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2324
Author(s):  
Sueny Andrade Batista ◽  
Elke Stedefeldt ◽  
Eduardo Yoshio Nakano ◽  
Mariana de Oliveira Cortes ◽  
Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rules Set

In the fight against foodborne diseases, expanding access to information for different groups is needed. In this aspect, it is crucial to evaluate the target audience’s particularities. This study constructed and validated an instrument containing three questionnaires to identify the level of knowledge, practices, and risk perception of food safety by low-income students between 11 and 14 years old. The following steps were used: systematic search of the databases; conducting and analyzing focus groups; questionnaires development; and questionnaires analysis. After two judges’ rounds, the final version was reached with 11 knowledge items, 11 practice items, and five risk perception items. The content validation index values were higher than 0.80. The adopted methodology considered the students’ understanding and perceptions, as well the appropriate language to be used. Besides, it allowed the development of questionnaires that directly and straightforwardly covers the rules set by the World Health Organization for foodborne disease control called Five Keys to Safer Food (keep clean; separate raw and cooked; cook thoroughly; keep food at safe temperatures; and use safe water and raw materials). Its use can result in a diagnosis for elaborating educational proposals and other actions against foodborne illness in the most vulnerable population.

Analysis of morphological features and preliminary assessment of arbutin content in food varieties of pears

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Nesterova ◽  
Albina Dosaeva
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Color Reactions ◽  
Layer Chromatography

In this article, the authors conducted a macro-diagnostic study of pear fruits of three varieties. A qualitative analysis of raw materials was carried out using color reactions, thin-layer chromatography in pear fruits most widely cultivated in the territory of the Russian Federation. Arbutin was identified in the raw material, which allows us to consider this type of raw material as a promising alternative to lingonberry and bearberry leaves used in official medicine and actualizes further research aimed at developing modern methods of standardization with subsequent inclusion in the developed regulatory documentation.

Rapid Screening of Pharmaceuticals by Thin-Layer Chromatography: Analysis of Essential Drugs by Visual Methods

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen S Kenyon ◽  
Paul E Flinn ◽  
Thomas P Layloff
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Standard Dosage ◽  
Essential Drugs ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A method for rapidly screening pharmaceuticals by thin-layer chromatography has been designed for use in areas with limited resources and by operators with limited training. An apparatus for performing the analysis in a plastic bag under equilibrium conditions was designed. Results can be reproduced by different operators and in different locations. The analysis can be performed without electricity or in a remote area, away from a laboratory. It is especially suited for field use in developing countries. The method is low cost, maintenance-free, fast, and reliable; it also uses limited volumes of solvents. The analyses can be performed without weighing if reference materials can be supplied in tablet form, provided the drug content is listed and only one unit is required for each analysis. All procedures were developed for the analysis of drugs from a partial list of essential drugs established by the World Health Organization. Three drugs were selected and prepared in the form of reference tablets. Comparisons with the analyses of the drugs in standard dosage forms were made by using reference tablets and primary USP standards. Comparable results were obtained, proving that the screening process can be conducted by using reference tablets and without weighing either the sample or the reference. The method has been successfully demonstrated and used in Swaziland, by high school teachers in the United States, and by personnel from the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia. Personnel can be trained in a short time to perform screening analysis of drugs.

scholarly journals Determination of deoxynivalenol in feed, feed raw materials and food

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Nailya N. Mishina ◽  
◽  
Ivan N. Shtyrov ◽  
Zukhra H. Sagdeeva ◽  
Ramziya M. Potekhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The article presents the survey data of 1830 average samples of feed, feed raw materials and food products received through the Test Center of the FSBSI «FCTRBS-RRVI»", provided by livestock and feed enterprises, agricultural companies, food manufacturers and 152 samples of feed provided by specialists of veterinary services , livestock enterprises, owners of peasant farms to determine the death of animals and birds, for the content of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in the period from 2018 to 2020. Determination of the DON content in the samples was carried out according to a certified procedure based on the method of thin layer chromatography. In the course of summarizing the results, it was found that samples of feed, feed raw materials and food products received through the Test Center of the of the FSBSI «FCTRBS-RRVI» from different regions of the Russian Federation in terms of DON content corresponded to the normative indicators specified in the current regulatory and technical documentation. When determining the cause of death of animals and birds, 152 samples were examined, received from farms of different regions of the Republics of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Mordovia, Kostroma and Ryazan regions. It was found that 1.97% of samples were contaminated with DON at concentrations from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg of feed, in the rest, the content of mycotoxin was below the sensitivity of the method (< 0.2 mg/kg), which does not exceed the limit permissible concentration. It was recommended to exclude feed contaminated with mycotoxin from the diet of animals, since at the established concentrations, DON is not the main etiological factor in the death of animals, but due to the presence of carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic and immunosuppressive properties, together with other factors, it is contributing.

scholarly journals Scientific-methodological approach for standardization of herbal raw materials and herbal preparations using high-performance thin-layer chromatography procedure

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
К. О. Хохлова
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Related Species ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is widely used for quality control of herbal raw materials (HRM). The purpose of this work were to define the problematic issues of quality control of herbal drugs in Ukraine and to develop a systematic scientific and methodological approach for the standardization of HRM and herbal drugs using the modern analytical technique of HPTLC: to optimize the existing and develop new methods of identification and determination of adulterations, and to develop alternative methods of quantitative determination, as well as studying of the stability. As a result of a critical evaluation of existing approaches for the standardization of HRM and herbal drugs of Ukraine’s flora, numerous problematic issues were identified, including the existence of a limited number of national monographs / national parts of monographs on the HRM of the Ukraine’s flora, which were not previously standardized by other pharmacopeias; non-consideration of Ukraine’s flora species (non-pharmacopoeial) in monographs on closely related species that introduced in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine; lack of specificity of combinations of physical and chemical methods used for quality control; lack of specificity and reproducibility, the labor intensity of methods; necessity of usage of toxic solvents and precursors; use of different groups of markers and methods for the HRM and its finished product or HRM and its closely related species, etc. The proposed systematic scientific and methodological approach includes: a preliminary collection of information about the object of study, markers/groups of bioactive substances, approaches to its standardization; theoretical evaluation of existing techniques of quality control in monographs on HRM and experimental approbation using samples of domestic plants, determination of the need for optimization of existed methods by the parallel development of specific, reproducible and documented methods for identification, adulterations’ detection, quantification, and bio-detection (if necessary) by HPTLC method. The approach is illustrated with examples. The proposed approach can be used for comprehensive HPTLC analysis of domestic HRM and herbal drugs for research, prevention of adulteration, standardization of initial HRM and its finished product, pharmaceutical development, and stability studies.

scholarly journals Justification of the Recipe Composition of Biscuit Using Functional Additives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Arctic Region

Increased production of processed foods, rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles have led to a shift in dietary patterns. Nowadays, people consume more foods high in calories, fat, free sugars, and salt/sodium, and many do not consume enough fruits, vegetables, and other types of fiber such as whole grains. The article describes the principles of healthy nutrition, which are justified by the World Health Organization (WHO). The recipe composition of the biscuit using a mixture of potato and corn starches, oat bran replace part of the sugar on stevioside with the addition of functional additives in the Arctic region, namely black currant juice, grown in Lovozero. It is known that black currant contains vitamins, organic acids, sugars (fructose and glucose), flavonoids, pectin, minerals and adding it to the formulation can increase nutritional and functional value. The article shows the results of the study of biscuit quality using functional additives of the Arctic region. The composition of the biscuit: the ratio of the added vegetable raw materials is scientifically proved. A point scale of quality of functional biscuit products with the use of additives from the raw materials of the Arctic region was developed. The composition of the finished product was investigated.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Visual, Minicolumn, and Thin Layer Chromatography Methods to Test Farmers Stock Peanuts for Aflatoxin1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Whitaker ◽  
J. W. Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
Aflatoxin Concentration ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract This study estimated the efficacy of the visual A. flavus (VAF), minicolumn (MCL), and thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods to detect farmers stock peanuts which contain aflatoxin. Aflatoxin tests on grade samples from each of 2300 lots of farmers stock peanuts was used to estimate the distribution of farmers stock lots according to their aflatoxin concentration (lot distribution). This lot distribution (with an average aflatoxin concentration of 59.5 parts per billion) was incorporated into each of the 3 computer models that simulate the testing of farmers stock peanuts for aflatoxin when the VAF, MCL, and TLC methods are used. The number of lots accepted and the average aflatoxin concentration (AA) in the accepted lots was predicted. Results indicate that when a given percentage of the lots are accepted, lots accepted by the VAF method have less aflatoxin than those lots accepted by either the MCL or TLC methods. When the present visual method was used to test the above lot distribution, 75.8% of the lots tested were accepted and the AA in the accepted and rejected lots were 4.1 and 232.8 parts per billion, respectively.

scholarly journals Cysticercus bovis in cattle slaughtered in North Egypt: Overestimation by the visual inspection method

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Mona Hassan El-Sayad ◽  
Hoda Farag ◽  
Hend El-Taweel ◽  
Reda Fadly ◽  
Nahla Salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Cysticercus Bovis ◽  
Health Organization

Background and Aim: The World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization list Taenia saginata, a foodborne cestode, as the most widely distributed human tapeworm worldwide. The larval stage of T. saginata, Cysticercus bovis, causes cysticercosis in bovines and infects humans who eat raw or undercooked beef. The existing detection methods of C. bovis in cattle depend on the visual inspection of meat. This study aimed to confirm the identification of C. bovis through visual inspection at the slaughterhouses in North Egypt with a molecular diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 687 locally bred cattle (Baladi), including 428 cows and 259 buffaloes, slaughtered in four slaughterhouses in North Egypt from April 2018 to February 2019 were inspected for C. bovis using the traditional meat inspection method. Positive samples were verified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and HDP2 gene sequencing. Results: Through visual inspection, C. bovis was detected in 4.2% and 12.4% of the slaughtered cows and buffaloes, respectively. Molecular analysis confirmed that 1.9% of the animals, all of which were cows, had C. bovis infection. DNA sequencing verified the identity of the PCR-amplified product. Conclusion: The rate of C. bovis infection in slaughterhouses detected through meat inspection is overestimated compared with that through PCR. Although meat inspection can be used as a primary screening tool for C. bovis, a more specific molecular method is required to achieve an accurate diagnosis.

scholarly journals ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS E VEGETAIS: MATÉRIAS-PRIMAS PARA FABRICAÇÃO DE BIOPRODUTOS NAS AULAS DE QUÍMICA ORGÂNICA EXPERIMENTAL

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Bruno ◽  
Márcia Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Layer Chromatography

ESSENTIAL AND VEGETABLE OILS: RAW MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BIOPRODUCTS IN CLASSES IN EXPERIMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. A schedule was prepared for three undergraduate classes for the discipline of experimental organic chemistry for obtaining bioproducts. As natural raw materials, lavender flowers and cinnamon peels were used to obtain hydrolates and essential oils (Class 1), coconut and avocado pulp to obtain vegetable oils and annatto seeds to obtain a natural dye (Class 2 ). Cosmetic bioproducts (Class 3), body emulsions similar to those found on the market, were obtained from the mixture of essential and vegetable oils and the addition of natural dye. The raw materials obtained can also be used in other classes of the discipline, complying with the principles of Green Chemistry. Essential oils, for example, can be used as samples for Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) classes and vegetable oils for the production of biodiesel.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document