94 The Effects of Weather, Body Weight, and Dry Matter Intake on Total Daily Water Intake in Beef Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Zach S McDaniel ◽  
Zachary K Smith ◽  
Cody Wright ◽  
Michael Gonda ◽  
Himali Wickremasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water System ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water

Abstract Weaned angus steers (n = 26; 272.92 + 21.29 kg) were selected to study the effects of weather, predicted daily BW, and DMI on total daily water intake (TDWI) from December 2019 to May 2020 (181 days). Calves were provided with ad libitum access to feed and water, under a monoslope barn, for the duration of the study. In periods of cold stress, cattle were provided with corn stalk bedding within the dry lot, away from the monoslope barn. Measurements of feed and water disappearance were obtained by utilizing an automated feed and water system (Insentec RIC, Hokofarm, Marknesse, Netherlands), where disappearance was assumed to be caused by intake. Calves were weighed every 28 days in order to calculate ADG and therefore predict daily BW for each calf. Daily weather records, including windchill (°C), solar radiation (W/m2), and maximum relative humidity (%), were obtained through the South Dakota Mesonet automated weather station located 3.86 km from where the calves were housed. A linear mixed effects model with both random intercept and slope were used to account for the within subject correlations. Increased TDWI was associated with increased wind chill (0.38-kg per 1°C; P < 0.0001), increased solar radiation (1.04-kg per 1 W/m2; P < 0.0001), and decreased maximum relative humidity (-0.14 kg per 1%; P < 0.0001). For every kg increase in DMI, TDWI increased by 1.07 kg (P < 0.0001). Lastly, for every kg increase in BW, TDWI increased by 0.05 kg (P < 0.0001). Effects of DMI, BW, SRAD, windchill, RHMax were predictive of TDWI in beef calves fed during the winter. This model will be useful for predicting TDWI during the winter months where calves are raised in regions where temperatures are regularly below freezing.

scholarly journals 368 Effects of average temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation on daily water intake of beef bulls in winter and early spring in Eastern South Dakota

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
Dorothea Clark ◽  
Cody Wright ◽  
Michael Gonda
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Beef Bulls

Abstract Few studies have estimated effects of weather on water intake in beef cattle, and most of these studies estimated effects during summer months. Our objective was to estimate effects of temperature, wind speed, and sunlight on daily water intake (DWI) of beef bulls in winter and early spring. Angus and SimAngus® bulls (n = 36; average starting BW = 369.5 ± 81.8 kg) were sampled from the South Dakota State University Cow-Calf Education and Research Facility (CCERF, Brookings, SD) from December 22, 2017 through April 5, 2018 (104 d total). Bulls were fed a diet (51.97% DM, 14% CP, and 1.08 Mcal NEg/kg DM) of high-moisture corn, corn silage, alfalfa hay, and supplement pellet. Individual feed and water intake were measured with an Insentec RIC system (Hokofarm, Marknesse, The Netherlands). Weather data, including average temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation were obtained from a Mesonet station located 3.9 km from the CCERF. Body weights were collected before feeding at four time points: December 13-14 (averaged), January 23, February 20, and April 2. Average daily gain was calculated from BW and used to predict BW on each day of the trial. Daily water and feed intakes were summed across all bulls each day; total DWI for all 36 bulls was the dependent variable. Average DWI per bull was 17.8 ± 7.05 kg/d and average total DWI per bull (including feed) was 28.9 ± 10.1 kg/d. Effects of average temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation were estimated with a linear model including a covariate of ADFI as percent predicted BW. Increased average temperature (P < 0.001) and solar radiation (P = 0.032) were associated with increased DWI, while increased average wind speed was associated with decreased DWI (P = 0.009). Temperature, wind speed, and amount of sunlight were associated with water intake of beef bulls fed from December until early April in Eastern South Dakota.

scholarly journals Water intake of pigs consuming tiamulin during the nursery phase1

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A Vonnahme ◽  
Adam Mueller ◽  
Daniel A Nelson ◽  
Manuel Alexander Vasquez-Hidalgo ◽  
Deborah Amodie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Original Product ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Abstract Mass medication to manage population health can be achieved by providing therapeutics in the drinking water. Young nursery pigs are highly sensitive to the flavor and smell of water. Medications that reduce water palatability often lead to an interruption in water and feed intake. With the availability of several generic water-soluble antimicrobials for pigs, questions have arisen about their palatability compared with the original product. In this study, we compared the intake of water containing tiamulin hydrogen fumarate from two different manufacturers with the intake of unmedicated water. The hypothesis was that the intake of tiamulin-containing water would be similar to unmedicated water. Water intake was monitored upon entry into the nursery and just prior to leaving the nursery. Also, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were determined. A total of 300 pigs were individually weighed (4.2–10.9 kg; avg = 6.8 kg) for randomization to pen (n = 30 pens). The experiment had two time points: 1) early nursery (periods 1–3) and 2) late nursery (period 4). Pens were randomly assigned to a sequence (period 1–3) in a crossover experimental design containing three 10-d periods, with 5 d for the resetting of baseline where unmedicated water was provided followed by 5 d on tiamulin source addition [i.e., TriamuloxTM (Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ); Denagard (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN)] or unmedicated water. After period 3 was concluded, all pens were given unmedicated water (via nipple waterers) and the number of pigs per pen was reduced to six pigs to maintain adequate space per pig. Ten days prior to pigs leaving the nursery, a fourth period was performed. After a 5-d water baseline was achieved, pens were treated with either unmedicated water or Triamulox- or Denagard-containing water. Pigs had ad libitum access to water and feed. During the testing periods, daily water intake was measured by a cup water system in each pen. Feed intake was measured every 5 d. There was no effect of treatment on initial body weights or weights at the beginning or end of each period (P ≥ 0.51). Therefore, there was no effect of treatment on ADG (P ≥ 0.23). Water intake (P ≥ 0.16) and FE (P ≥ 0.35) were not affected by treatment. Water consumption was similar among all treatments in each of the four periods. There appears to be no aversion to water intake when tiamulin hydrogen fumarate is added to the drinking water.

Self-reported quantity of daily water intake and urine output in healthy young

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
İnsaf Altun ◽  
Nursan Dede Çınar ◽  
Mağfiret Kara Kaşıkçı
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water

Calculation method for daily water intake components using doubly labeled water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Daiki Watanabe ◽  
Hiroyuki Sagayama ◽  
Aya Itoi ◽  
Tsukasa Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Metabolic Water

Abstract Daily water intake (DWI) is essential for survival in humans; however, accurate assessment of DWI from drinks and beverages (Wdrinks) or food moisture (Wfoods) is difficult as it depends on self-reported intakes that are prone to inaccuracy. Here, we established an objective method to assess DWI components using doubly labeled water (DLW). Deuterium and H218O were orally administered, and the dilution space and elimination rate of 2H and 18O were measured. DWI was calculated from the deuterium turnover corrected for metabolic water production and insensible water absorption from humidity. Wfoods was estimated using dietary record (Wfoods-DR) or calculated from the total energy expenditure assessed by DLW (Wfoods-DLW). The current results underscore Wfoods-DR underestimation using self-reported dietary assessments, which underestimates food intake. This study proposes novel methods for calculating each DWI component using DLW.

Question About Fluoride in Formulas

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-572
Author(s):  
M. Balasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water

The articles on dental caries in children in the August 1974 issue of Pediatrics are interesting and made me think about the following aspect of fluoridation. As far as I can find out, none of the presently available formulas have any fluoride in them. Would it not be a good idea to add an appropriate quantity of fluoride to all the formulas so that we can make sure that babies do get fluoride from birth? Even though a majority of the babies live in areas where the water is fluoridated, the amount of daily water intake (as plain water) in the first six months of life is negligible.

Pulmonary vein-atrial junction stretch receptors and the inhibition of drinking

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (5) ◽  
pp. R452-R457 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Moore-Gillon ◽  
J. T. Fitzsimons
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrium ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Balloon Inflation ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Left Pulmonary Vein ◽  
First Time ◽  
Conscious Animals ◽  
Isoproterenol Infusion

A chronically implanted inflatable balloon was used to produce distension of a left pulmonary vein at its junction with the left atrium in trained conscious dogs. Balloon inflation caused a fall in the amounts of water drunk in response to injection of isoproterenol, infusion of hypertonic NaCl, or overnight water deprivation. There was also a significant increase in heart rate, but arterial, central venous, and left atrial pressures were unaltered. Blockade of the left vagosympathetic nerve prevented the inhibitory action of distension of a pulmonary vein on water intake in response to injection of isoproterenol. In experiments where the balloon was left inflated for 24 h, distension also caused a fall in the spontaneous daily water intake, whereas food intake was unaffected. Despite the fall in water intake, urine flow increased so that the dog went into negative fluid balance. In conclusion, distension of a pulmonary vein at its junction with the left atrium causes reduction in both spontaneous and induced water intake, and this inhibition is not secondary to circulatory changes or fluid retention by the kidney. The action of the receptors concerned may complement the actions of the same or similar receptors on renal function whose effects have been observed previously in acute experiments in anesthetized animals and here for the first time in conscious animals.

scholarly journals Effect of Increased Daily Water Intake and Hydration on Health in Japanese Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Nakamura ◽  
Hiroshi Watanabe ◽  
Aiko Tanaka ◽  
Masato Yasui ◽  
Jun Nishihira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Water Supplementation

Increased hydration is recommended as healthy habit with several merits. However, supportive data are sparse. To assess the efficacy of increased daily water intake, we tested the effect of water supplementation on biomarkers in blood, urine, and saliva. Twenty-four healthy Japanese men and 31 healthy Japanese women with fasting blood glucose levels ranging from 90–125 mg/dL were included. An open-label, two-arm, randomized controlled trial was conducted for 12 weeks. Two additional 550 mL bottles of water on top of habitual fluid intake were consumed in the intervention group. The subjects drank one bottle of water (550 mL) within 2 h of waking, and one bottle (550 mL) 2 h before bedtime. Subjects increased mean fluid intake from 1.3 L/day to 2.0 L/day, without changes in total energy intake. Total body water rate increased with associated water supplementation. There were no significant changes in fasting blood glucose and arginine vasopressin levels, but systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in the intervention group. Furthermore, water supplementation increased body temperature, reduced blood urea nitrogen concentration, and suppressed estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction. Additionally, existence of an intestinal microbiome correlated with decreased systolic blood pressure and increased body temperature. Habitual water supplementation after waking up and before bedtime in healthy subjects with slightly elevated fasting blood glucose levels is not effective in lowering these levels. However, it represents a safe and promising intervention with the potential for lowering blood pressure, increasing body temperature, diluting blood waste materials, and protecting kidney function. Thus, increasing daily water intake could provide several health benefits.

Regulatory and secondary water intake in rats with lesions of the zona incerta

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Evered ◽  
GJ Mogenson
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Zona Incerta ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Daily Water

Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the zona incerta (ZI) permanently reduced daily water intake of rats by 20-30%. Lesioned rats did not differ from controls in daily food intake, body weight, hematocrit, or serum osmolality, Na+ or K+ levels. The hypodipsia was not caused by changes in water requirements or excretory function or by a nonspecific depression of behavior. Compensatory reductions in water losses maintained fluid balance. Lesioned rats drank as much water as controls in response to intracellular and extracellular dehydration, but unlike controls, appeared to restrict their daily water intake to these regulatory responses. Lesions of the ZI attenuated the ingestion of extra water observed when rats were maintained on a liquid diet adequate to meet fluid requirements, and daily water intake of lesioned but not control rats closely followed changes in water needs. It was concluded that lesions of the ZI reduce daily water intake towards minimal requirements for fluid balance by attenuating secondary drinking (drinking independent of water needs for fluid homeostasis.

Impairment in fluid ingestion in rats with lesions of the zona incerta

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. R53-R58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Evered ◽  
G. J. Mogenson
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Zona Incerta ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
Fluid Ingestion ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Excessive Water

Rats with lesions of the zona incerta (ZI) dorsal to the lateral hypothalamus drink as much water as controls following intracellular or extracellular dehydration but restrict their daily water intake to minimal requirements for fluid balance, suggesting a specific impairment in secondary drinking. Following water deprivation, however, rats with ZI lesions responded to changes in palatability of the water as if they were experiencing slightly greater difficulty or aversiveness in drinking than controls. The cause appears to be an impairment in the ability to lick fluids from a spout. When water was available ad libitum or when water or liquid diet were provided after water or food deprivation, rats with ZI damage were unable to obtain as much fluid per lick as controls. It is concluded that lesions in this region of the brain impair the motor act of drinking and that the subsequent reduction in the efficiency of drinking is the cause of the attenuation of excessive water intake.

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