328 The Potential Role of Two Red Seaweeds That Promote Anti-methanogenic Activity and Rumen Fermentation Profiles Under Laboratory Conditions

Abstract Ruminal methane (CH4) production results from carbohydrate fermentation by ruminal microbiota (methanogens) to produce CH4, volatile fatty acids (VFA), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and hydrogen (H2) in a reduction pathway. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of two red seaweed (RSW) species (Asparagopsis taxiformis and A. armata; collected from Messina, Italy). The two RSW were identified by DNA barcoding and genetic data were deposited in BOLD Systems (REAPP006-21, REAPP004-21, respectively). The two RSW were used at dietary inclusion levels (0, 2, and 4% as-fed basis) in an anaerobic in vitro study (39°C for 48-h) to examine greenhouse gas (GHG) production and VFA profiles. Gases were collected using an ANKOM Gas Production system and analyzed for CH4 and N2O by gas chromatography. Asparagopsis taxiformis contained higher levels of bromoform (201 vs. 7.0 mg/kg DM), iodine (4820 vs. 3260 ppm), and crude protein (16 vs. 15.6% DM), than A. armata, which contained higher levels of acid detergent fiber (ADF; 7.7 vs. 19.0%) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 13.2 vs. 19.2%), respectively. RSW supplementation increased total gas, butyrate and valerate production (P < 0.01), while production of CH4 (mg/g DM), acetate (A), propionate (P), A/P ratios and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD; % DM) were reduced (P < 0.01) as RSW supplementation increased. In the presence of A. taxiformis, production of N2O (µg/g DM), tended to be less (P = 0.1) at 2% DM, but increased (P < 0.01) N2O production with A. armata at the 2 and 4% DM. Therefore, it may be possible to suppress methanogenesis both directly and indirectly by addition of RSW. To efficiently use seaweeds as feed ingredients with nutritional and environmental benefits, more research is required to determine the mechanisms underlying seaweed and dietary substrate interactions.

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The potential of tropical grass as a feed in ruminant by using an in vitro gas production

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201819706005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 06005

Author(s):

Nevyani Asikin ◽

Anuraga Jayanegara ◽

Muhamad Ridla ◽

Anjas Asmara Samsudin

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Block Design ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Gas Production ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tropical Grass

Pennisetum purpoides is one of the most widely cultivated tropical forages and it is often used as animal feed in Indonesia. However, grass feeding could not fulfill the need of nutrients if served as single feed because it contained of high crude fiber and low protein. In terms of nutritional adequacy, animal feed should contain complete nutritional value in order to achieve an optimum productivity. This experiment aimed to elucidate the potential of tropical grass as a feed in ruminant by using an in vitro gas production technicque. The grasses were determined for proximate analysis, Van Soest fiber fractions (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin), and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. This study was conducted from January until April 2018 at Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. This study used a randomized block design with 3 replications. There were three treatments tested in this study, i.e. (1) Pennisetum purpoides (T1), (2) Setaria splendida (T2), (3) Setaria anceps (T3). Parameters measured in the in vitro study is total gas production. Data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan test if there was a significant difference among treatments. The data showed that gas production is not significantly different (P>0,05).

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Biodiesel Co-products Modified the Rumen Parameters of Feedlot Lambs but did not Change Methane Production In Vitro*

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.100003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

Author(s):

Eliéder Prates Romanzini ◽

Américo Garcia Da Silva Sobrinho ◽

Roberta De Lima Valença ◽

Thiago Henrique Borghi ◽

Fernanda De Almeida Merlim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Production ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Crude Glycerin ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Feedlot Lambs

Background: Intensification of livestock is a strategy that increases productivity, but the diets used to increase animal production efficiency are composed mainly of corn and soybean, thereby increasing competition between animals and humans for the same food crops. This study evaluated nutrient intake, apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, kinetics of gas production, and concentration of volatile fatty acids on diets with or without inclusion of biodiesel co-products formulated for feedlot lambs. So, the hypothesis is that replace of traditional ingredients by biodiesel co-products changes rumen parameters and methane emissions.Material, Methods & Results: The experiment was developed in São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil, in Sheep Production Laboratory, which is owned to Animal Science Department. All trials developed in this study used a feedlot system, where animals were kept in individual pen. Forty Ile de France lambs male non-castrated were used in in vivo trial. To obtain rumen fluid, that was used in in vitro trial, four Santa Inês lambs with rumen cannula were used. The treatments evaluated were four diets: Control diet: roughage + concentrate; PM20: roughage + concentrate with peanut meal (PM) at 20% of DM; CG25: roughage + concentrate with crude glycerin (CG) at 25% of DM; and PMCG: roughage + concentrate with PM at 10% of DM and CG at 12.5% of DM. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 40:60 for all these diets. The parameters of the in vitro and in vivo experiments used were completely randomized with four treatments. When significant, the means between treatments were compared using Tukey test (P < 0.05). There was no effect of co-product inclusion on intake, except ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, which were higher for PM20 compared with CG25 diet. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (79.87%) and some nutrients (organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber) was higher (P < 0.05) with CG25 diet. In vitro cumulative gas production was greater in CG25 and PMCG compared to the other diets, at early measurement points (2, 4, 6, and 10 h). The concentrations of methane, volatile fatty acids, and acetate:propionate ratio in vitro did not differ (P > 0.05) among diets.Discussion: Probably the high quality of the glycerin used (83.9% glycerol, 12.01% humidity, 3.79% salts, and 0.28% organic matter, no fat, as described by the manufacturer) may explain the low EE concentration observed in the diet using only crude glycerin and the observed lack of DMI effects in all diets. About apparent digestibility, the greater values measured for crude protein can be explained by superior synchronism during fermentation of the proteins and carbohydrates in the diet. The data showed that treatment CG25 obtained higher initial gas production, followed by treatment PMCG which contained 12.5% crude glycerin. Probably these results were caused by the greater apparent digestibility of DM in treatments that included crude glycerin. Our results of volatile fatty acid concentration are different from the decrease in molar proportion of acetic acid and increase of propionic acid described by several authors, with the inclusion of glycerin in the diet. However, the absence of effect by co-product inclusion on the molar proportion of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids measured in this trial reinforce the report from other authors that affirmed the same situation. Hence, the inclusion of PM at 20% of DM and CG at 25% of DM could successfully replace the traditional diets of feedlot lambs such as soybean and corn, respectively, without damages to intake and ruminal parameters in vitro.

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Screening of Cyanide-Utilizing Bacteria from Rumen and In Vitro Evaluation of Fresh Cassava Root Utilization with Pellet Containing High Sulfur Diet

10.20944/preprints202012.0042.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rittikeard Prachumchai ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Metha Wanapat

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Gas Production ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Cassava Root ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The current work aimed to screen the ruminal cyanide-utilizing bacteria and evaluate the influence of fresh cassava root (FCR) and pellets containing high sulfur (PELFUR) on cyanide content, kinetics of gas, in vitro degradability, and ruminal fermentation. The experiment was conducted in a Completely randomized design (CRD) for a screening of cyanide-utilizing bacteria and the dietary treatments were the level of cyanide at 0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm. A 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a Completely randomized design was used for in vitro study. Factor A was the level of FCR at 0, 260, 350, 440, and 530 g/kg of 0.5 g dry matter (DM) substrate, and factor B was the level of PELFUR at 0, 15, and 30 g/kg DM substrate. Adding different doses of cyanide significantly affected cyanide-utilizing rumen bacterial growth (p < 0.05). Increasing the concentration of cyanide from 0 to 150 and 150 to 300 ppm, resulted in an increase in cyanide-utilizing rumen bacteria of 38.2% and 15.0%, respectively. Increasing the FCR level to more than 260 g/kg of 0.5 g substrate could increase cumulative gas production (p < 0.05), whereas increasing doses of PELFUR from 15 to 30 g/kg increased the cumulative gas production when compared with that of 0 g/kg PELFUR (p < 0.05). Cyanide concentration in rumen fluid decreased with PELFUR (p < 0.05) supplementation. Degradability of in vitro dry matter and organic matter following incubation increased at 12 and 24 h due to PELFUR supplementation with FCR and increased additionally with 15 g/kg PELFUR (p < 0.05) in 440 g/kg FCR. Proportions of the total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), and butyric acid, as well as the ratio of C2 to C3 among supplementations with FCR (p < 0.05) were significantly different. As the proportion of FCR increased to 530 g/kg of the substrate, the volume of C3 increased by 14.6%. This is the first finding of bacteria in the rumen capable of utilizing cyanide, and cyanide might function as a nitrogen source for bacterial cell synthesis. Inclusion of FCR of 530 g/kg with 30 g/kg PELFUR could increase the cumulative gas production, the bacterial population, the in vitro degradability, the proportion of C3, and the rate of the disappearance of cyanide.

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In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Mitigation Responded to Flavonoid Extract Levels from Alternanthera sissoo and Dietary Ratios

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7030109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Sukruthai Sommai ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Chanon Suntara ◽

Sarong So ◽

Metha Wanapat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Production ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Fermentation

Two experiments were conducted under this study: Experiment 1 was to study production yield, chemical composition, and in vitro degradability of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo; BS) leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk at various maturity ages of 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after plantation and regrowth and Experiment 2 was to evaluate the effect of flavonoid extract from BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk and dietary ratios on ruminal gas production, fermentation characteristics, and in vitro degradability. Experiment 1 showed that maturity ages after planting and regrowth increased, the yield significantly increased. Increasing maturity ages significantly (p < 0.05) increased neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content and decreased crude protein content, total flavonoid (TF) content, and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Maturity ages from 15 to 30 days after plantation and regrowth resulted (p < 0.05) the highest TF content and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Thus, BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk samples from 15 to 30 days of age were used for flavonoid extraction and used in the Experiment 2. Experiment 2 was conducted according to a 3 × 5 factorial experiment. Three roughage to concentrate (R:C) ratios at 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70 were used, and five levels of flavonoid extract (FE) at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg of substrate dry matter (DM) were supplemented. Experiment 2 showed that R:C ratio and FE had an interaction effect only on acetate to propionate ratio. Varying R:C ratios significantly increased (p < 0.05) in vitro DM degradability, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate (C3) concentration. FE supplementation linearly (p < 0.05) increased total VFA and C3 concentration and decreased methane production and protozoal population. This study could conclude that FE from BS could effectively modulate ruminal fermentation and decrease methane production. However, in vivo study needs to elucidate in order to validate the present results.

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Screening of Cyanide-Utilizing Bacteria from Rumen and In Vitro Evaluation of Fresh Cassava Root Utilization with Pellet Containing High Sulfur Diet

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8010010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Rittikeard Prachumchai ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Metha Wanapat

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Gas Production ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Production Parameters ◽

Cassava Root ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Two experiments were undertaken to screen for ruminal cyanide-utilizing bacteria (Experiment 1), and to evaluate the influence of fresh cassava root (FCR) and pellets containing high sulfur (PELFUR) on cyanide content, gas production parameters, in vitro degradability, and ruminal fermentation (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) for the screening of cyanide-utilizing bacteria and the dietary treatments consisted of cyanide at 0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm. In Experiment 2, a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design was used for the in vitro study. Factor A was the level of FCR at 0, 260, 350, 440, and 530 g/kg of dry matter (DM) substrate, and factor B was the level of PELFUR at 0, 15, and 30 g/kg DM substrate. In Experiment 1, adding different doses of cyanide significantly affected cyanide-utilizing rumen bacterial growth (p < 0.05). Increasing the concentration of cyanide from 0 to 150 and 150 to 300 ppm resulted in increases in cyanide-utilizing rumen bacteria of 38.2% and 15.0%, respectively. In Experiment 2, no interaction effects were found between FCR and PELFUR doses on gas production parameters (p > 0.05). Increasing the FCR level to more than 260 g/kg of DM substrate could increase cumulative gas production (p < 0.05). Increasing doses of PELFUR from 15 to 30 g/kg increased the cumulative gas production when compared with that of 0 g PELFUR/kg of DM substrate (p < 0.05). The cyanide concentration in rumen fluid decreased with PELFUR (p < 0.05) supplementation. Degradability of in vitro DM and organic matter following incubation increased at 12 and 24 h due to PELFUR supplementation with FCR and increased additionally with 15 g PELFUR/kg of DM substrate (p < 0.05) in 440 g FCR/kg of DM substrate. Proportions of the total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), and butyric acid among supplementations with FCR (p < 0.05) were significantly different. In conclusion, the present results represent the first finding of bacteria in the rumen that are capable of utilizing cyanide, and suggests that cyanide might function as a nitrogen source for bacterial cell synthesis. The inclusion of FCR of 530 g/kg with 30 g PELFUR/kg of DM substrate could increase the cumulative gas production, the bacterial population, the in vitro degradability, the proportion of C3, and the rate of the disappearance of cyanide.

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Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Yichong Wang ◽

Sijiong Yu ◽

Yang Li ◽

Shuang Zhang ◽

Xiaolong Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

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Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽

Jia Yu ◽

Young Gyu Song ◽

Shida Li ◽

Jong-Wook Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Gas Production ◽

Nutrient Composition ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Amaranthus Cruentus ◽

Amaranthus Caudatus ◽

Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

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Preserving Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima as Silages for Ruminant Feeding

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10111957 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1957

Author(s):

Margarita Novoa-Garrido ◽

Carlos Navarro Marcos ◽

María Dolores Carro Travieso ◽

Eduarda Molina Alcaide ◽

Mogens Larsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Production ◽

Saccharina Latissima ◽

Porphyra Umbilicalis ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Ruminal Degradability ◽

Kinetics Of

The study analyzed the characteristics, chemical composition, and in vitro gas production kinetics of Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima silages. Each seaweed was ensiled in vacuum bags (three bags/silage) following a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two pre-treatments (unwilted or pre-wilted) and three silage types: unwashed seaweed ensiled without additive; seaweed washed and ensiled without additive; and seaweed washed and ensiled with 4 g of formic acid (FAC) per kg seaweed. Silages were kept for 3 months in darkness at 20 °C. Pre-wilting prevented (p < 0.001) effluent formation and reduced (p ≤ 0.038) the production of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids for both seaweeds. Both pre-wilting and washing increased (p < 0.05) the ruminal degradability of P. umbilicalis silages but not of S. latissima silages. The pH of the FAC-treated silages was below 4.0, but ranged from 4.54 to 6.23 in non FAC-treated silages. DL-lactate concentrations were low (≤23.0 g/kg dry matter) and acetate was the predominant fermentation product, indicating a non-lactic fermentation. The estimated ruminal degradability of the P. umbilicalis and S. latissima silages was as average, 59.9 and 86.1% of that for high-quality rye-grass silages, respectively, indicating a medium-low nutritional value of these seaweed silages for ruminants.

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Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation ofBrassicastraw treated with the aerobic fungus,Trametes versicolor

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas2011-067 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 695-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. E. Ramirez-Bribiesca ◽

Y. Wang ◽

L. Jin ◽

T. Canam ◽

J. R. Town ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mutant Strain ◽

Trametes Versicolor ◽

Lignin Degradation ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Lignin Degradation Products

Ramirez-Bribiesca, J. E., Wang, Y., Jin, L., Canam, T., Town, J. R., Tsang, A., Dumonceaux, T. J. and McAllister, T. A. 2011. Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation of Brassica straw treated with the aerobic fungus, Trametes versicolor . Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 695–702. Brassica napus straw (BNS) was either not treated or was treated with two strains of Trametes versicolor; 52J (wild type) or m4D (a cellobiose dehydrogenase-deficient mutant) with four treatments: (i) untreated control (C-BNS), (ii) 52J (B-52J), (iii) m4D (B-m4D) or (iv) m4D+glucose (B-m4Dg). Glucose was provided to encourage growth of the mutant strain. All treatments with T. versicolor decreased (P<0.05) neutral-detergent fibre and increased (P<0.05) protein and the concentration of lignin degradation products in straw. Ergosterol was highest (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J, suggesting it generated the most fungal biomass. Insoluble lignin was reduced (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J and B-m4D, but not with B-m4Dg. Mannose and xylose concentration were generally higher (P<0.05) in straw treated with fungi, whereas glucose and galactose were lower as compared with C-BNS. The four treatments above were subsequently assessed in rumen in vitro fermentations, along with BNS treated with 2 mL g−1of 5 N NaOH. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids after 24 and 48h were lower (P<0.05) in incubations that contained BNS treated with T. versicolor as compared with C-BNSor NaOH-treated BNS. Compared with C-BNS, in vitrodry matter disappearance and gas production were increased (P<0.05) by NaOH, but not by treatment with either strain of T. versicolor. Although treatment with T. versicolor did release more lignin degradation products, it did not appear to provide more degradable carbohydrate to in vitro rumen microbial populations, even when a mutant strain with compromised carbohydrate metabolism was utilized. Production of secondary compounds by the aerobic fungi may inhibit rumen microbial fermentation.

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The nutritional evaluation of forage-based mixed rations in New Zealand using an in vitro gas production technique. 1: analytical survey

Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition ◽

10.3920/jaan2021.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

N.D. Meads ◽

R. Tahmasbi ◽

N. Jantasila

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Environmental Science ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Real Data ◽

Gas Production ◽

Production Technique ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock are an important consideration in environmental science. Estimating GHG production can be problematic at a farm or animal level, and requires controlled conditions to produce real data. An in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) was developed to evaluate forage-based total mixed rations in digestion kinetics and GHG production. Two hundred and sixty samples of complete mixed rations (MR), which included a pasture component used in commercial lactating dairy herds, were collected around NZ across three calendar years, 2017-2019. Twenty of the 260 samples were 100% total mixed rations (TMR) with no pasture content. The samples were submitted for proximate analysis as well as IVGPT to generate GHG production figures. The results showed an average total gas production (TGP) of 129.82 ml/g dry matter (DM), 78.6% true digestibility (TDMD), 125.06 mg/g DM microbial biomass (MB), 20.16 g CH4/kg DM, and 12.8 MJME/kg DM. The average nutrient composition was dry matter (DM) 31.55%, crude protein (CP) 21.85%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 44.35%, and starch 7.03%. The IVGPT CH4 production was negatively correlated to NDF (r=-0.312), ADF (r=-0.193), TGP (r=-0.216), and was positively correlated with TDMD (r=0.250), apparent digestibility (ADMD) (r=0.614), starch (r=0.117) and volatile fatty acids (r=0.538). The MR diet showed a strong positive relationship with ADMD digestibility (P=0.01) and a negative relationship with fibre content (NDF, P=0.01 and ADF, P=0.01). However, CH4 production reduced linearly with increasing TGP (P=0.01). The results indicated that a greater CH4 production may be related to higher digestibility of mixed ration.

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