329 Supplementing Native Rumen Microorganisms Improves Feedlot Steer Digestive Health and Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 186-186
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Jordan Embree ◽  
Sean Gilmore ◽  
Mallory Embree
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Digestive Health

Abstract The rumen microbiome functions as a synchronized entity that digests feed in order to provide nutrients for its host. High-concentrate diets destabilize the rumen microbiome by biasing the community towards microorganisms that readily ferment simple carbohydrates resulting in decreased pH, increased CO2, and an increased solvent concentration in the rumen content. This chemical shift interrupts rumen fermentation and can lead to the development of metabolic diseases that negatively impact animal performance. This study evaluated the benefit of a daily, in-feed microbial feed supplement (MFS; Magnius, Native Microbials Inc, San Diego, CA) containing three native rumen microbes (Chordicoccus ruminifurens ASCUSBF65, Prevotella albensis ASCUSBF41, and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens ASCUSBF53) on commercial feedlot steer performance and rumen microbiome composition. The trial was conducted by HMS Veterinary Development in Reedley, CA using 200 steers in 20 pens over 109 days with a 2x2 factorial design (with and without step-up period x with and without MFS). The without step-up group was directly fed the finisher ration (94% concentrate, 0.95 Mcal/lb NEm), while the step-up group was adapted to the finisher ration over a period of 21 days. Rumen microbiome samples were collected via stomach tubing periodically throughout the trial. At the end of 109 days, the FCR of the animals receiving MFS were significantly lower than the control animals (7.67% improvement, P = 0.013) in the step-up group, although no significant differences were observed in ADG and DMI. No significant performance differences were observed in the group without a step-up (Table 1). The relationship between rumen pH, dissolved CO2, and the observed changes in the microbiome suggest a potential interplay between acetogenesis and methanogenesis where CO2 consuming bacteria may be important in improving rumen digestive health. Collectively, these results suggest that feeding native rumen microorganisms can improve rumen resilience and health of high-grain consuming cattle.

scholarly journals PSII-11 Effect of a feed supplement composed of native rumen microorganisms on feedlot steer digestive health

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 407-408
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Jordan Embree ◽  
Sean Gilmore ◽  
Mallory M Embree
Keyword(s):  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Digestive Health

Abstract Feedlot cattle that receive high grain diets are prone to developing rumen acidosis. The rumen microbiome is a critical part of feed digestion, and thus naturally occurring, native rumen microorganisms may alleviate digestive distress. A daily, in feed microbial feed supplement (MFS) (Magnius, ASCUS Biosciences Inc, San Diego, CA) containing three native rumen microbes (Chordacoccus ruminofurens, Prevotella albensis, and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens) was evaluated. Seventy-five commercial feedlot steers (Johnson Research, LLC, Parma, Idaho) were split into three treatment groups, 25 control, 25 low-dose (3E8 cells/steer/day), and 25 high-dose (3E9 cells/steer/day). The study included three periods: acclimation (28 days), grow-out period 1 (68 days), and grow-out period 2 (73 days). The animals were individually penned for the acclimation and grow-out period 1, and were collapsed into 7–9 steers per pen for grow-out period 2. The finishing ration for grow-out period 2 was also adjusted to 89.77% concentrate (DM) from 85.56% during grow-out period 1. No significant performance differences among treatment groups were observed during grow-out period 1. In grow-out period 2, the average daily weight gain of mid-weight steers was significantly higher (P = 0.04) in animals receiving a high-dose of MFS than controls. Additionally, the rumen pH of experimental steers were significantly higher than the controls (P < 0.001) during grow-out period 2. The rumen microbiome shifts further supported the observed pH differences. A strong (R2 >0.6) and significant negative correlation (P < 0.001) was observed between rumen pH and rumen dissolved %CO2 in all three treatment groups throughout the study. This is consistent with literature reporting that rumen CO2 accumulation may contribute significantly to rumen acidosis. These findings demonstrate the promise of using microbial based feed supplements in the improvement of feedlot cattle digestive health and performance.

PSX-A-22 Late-Breaking: Rumen microbiome composition and microbe network dynamics in beef cattle predict finishing performance under different backgrounding systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
Bobwealth O Omontese ◽  
Ashok Sharma ◽  
Samuel Davidson ◽  
Emily Jacobson ◽  
Megan Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Early Developmental

Abstract Backgrounding (BKG) impacts growth and finishing performance in beef cattle. However, specific microbiome contributions to growth performance during this period, considering different BKG systems, remain unknown. A longitudinal study was designed to characterize the rumen microbiome and average daily gain (ADG) of Angus and Angus x Simmental calves (n = 38) placed under different BKG systems for 55 d after weaning: DL: a high roughage diet within a dry lot and CC: annual cover crop within a strip and PP, while a third group, PP: remained on perennial pasture vegetation within rotational paddocks, just as before weaning. After BKG, calves went to a feedlot for 142 d and finished with a high energy ration. Rumen bacterial communities were profiled by collecting fluid samples via oral probe, and sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene, at weaning, during backgrounding and finishing. For calves moved to CC and DL BKG, bacterial composition diverged drastically, including sharp decreases in bacterial diversity (P < 0.001), while PP claves conserved more stable diversity patterns. During BKG, DL calves also showed the greatest ADG (P < 0.05), which coincided with increased abundance of taxa affiliated to the Aeromondales (Succinivibrio, Succcinimonas and Ruminobacter) (P < 0.001). However, once in the finishing phase, PP calves showed compensatory ADG, with significantly higher values, particularly compared with calves on DL BKG (v = 0.02). Network theory analyses were concordant with these patterns, highlighting the importance of understanding microbe-microbe interactions at early developmental stages to predict finishing performance. These results indicate that rumen microbes and their network interactions during backgrounding successfully predict finishing performance in beef cattle, underscoring the importance of early post weaning stages as potential targets for feeding interventions that can modulate the rumen microbiome to enhance lifelong animal performance.

Fuzzy System for DOA Estimation of Coherent Signals

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 575-581
Author(s):  
Ya Ling Chen ◽  
Chien Chou Lin
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Doa Estimation ◽  
Coherent Signals ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Systems ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Resolution Estimation

This paper presents an efficient direction-of-arrival (DOA) Estimator for dealing with coherent signals. The empirical results show that significant performance degradation occurs when coherent signals coexist. Therefore, an utilizes the low sensitivity of Bartlett algorithm in estimation of DOAs for coherent signals to yield a low-resolution estimation of DOAs as initial search angle and uses fuzzy logic systems with incorporating expert knowledge to improve the resolution and performance of estimation of DOAs in coherent signals environment. Finally, numerical example was analyzed to illustrate high performance of the proposed method and to confirm the designed procedure.

PSIX-3 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene profiles of rumen microbiome from Raramuri Criollo, European and Criollo x European lineages

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 441-442
Author(s):  
Adrian Maynez-Perez ◽  
Francisco Jahuey-Martinez ◽  
Jose A Martinez-Quintana ◽  
Michael E Hume ◽  
Robin C Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Chihuahuan Desert ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Rumen Microbiome

Abstract Raramuri Criollo cattle from the Chihuahuan desert in northern Mexico have been described as an ecological ecotype due to their enormous advantage in land grass utilization and their capacity to diversify their diet with cacti, forbs and woody plants. This diversification in diet utilization, could reflect upon their microbiome composition. The aim of this study was to characterize the rumen microbiome of Raramuri criollo cattle and to compare it to other lineages that graze in the same area. A total of 28 cows representing three linages [Criollo (n = 13), European (n = 9) and Criollo x European Crossbred (n = 6)] were grazed without supplementation for 45 days. DNA was extracted from ruminal samples and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced on an Illumina platform. Data were analyzed with the QIIME2 software package and DADA2 plugin and the amplicon sequence variants were taxonomically classified with naïve Bayesian using the SILVA 16S rRNA gene reference database (version 132). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and PERMANOVA for alpha and beta diversity indexes, respectively, and the non-strict version of linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to determine significantly different taxa among lineages. Differences in beta diversity indexes (P < 0.05) were found in ruminal microbiome composition between Criollo and European groups, whereas the Crossbred showed intermediate values when compared to the pure breeds (Table 1). LEfSe analysis identified a total of 20 bacterial groups that explained differences between lineages, including one for Crossbreed, ten for European and nine for Criollo. These results show ruminal microbiome differences between Raramuri criollo cattle and the mainstream European breeds used in the northern Mexico Chihuahuan desert and reflect that those differences could be a consequence of dissimilar grazing behavior.

scholarly journals Data of bacterial community dynamics resulting from total rumen content exchange in beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke A. Clemmons ◽  
Madison T. Henniger ◽  
Phillip R. Myer
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Community Dynamics

Abstract Objectives Extensive efforts have been made to characterize the rumen microbiome under various conditions. However, few studies have addressed the long-term impacts of ruminal microbiome dysbiosis and the extent of host control over microbiome stability. These data can also inform host-microbial symbioses. The objective was to develop preliminary data to measure the changes that occur in the rumen bacterial communities following a rumen content exchange to understand the effects major perturbations may impart upon the rumen microbiome, which may be host-driven. Data description We report here an initial rumen content exchange between two SimAngus (Simmental/Angus) non-pregnant, non-lactating cows of ~ 6 years of age weighing 603.4 ± 37.5 kg. To measure bacterial community succession and acclimation following the exchange, rumen content was collected via rumen cannula at the beginning of the study immediately prior to and following the rumen content exchange, and weekly for 12 weeks. The V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was targeted for DNA sequencing and bacterial analysis. Over 12 weeks, numerous genera and diversity varied, before partial return to pre-exchange metrics. These preliminary data help support potential host control for the rumen microbiome, aiding in efforts to define bovine host-microbe relationships.

Significant Performance Improvement with MPD in HPHT Narrow Drilling Window Campaign in the North Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babar Kamal ◽  
Abdul Saboor ◽  
Graeme MacFarlane ◽  
Frank Kernche
Keyword(s):  
Precise Determination ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
The North ◽  
Fracture Pressure ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Infill Drilling ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Formation Pore Pressure

Abstract Significant depletion in reservoir pressure, huge uncertainties in pore and fracture pressure, high overburden pressure on top of reservoir, Narrow Mud Weight Window (NMWW) and Partial/Total losses whilst entering the reservoir made these HPHT (High Pressure High Temperature) wells conventionally un-drillable. Due to these substantial challenges these wells were considered not only costly but also carry a high probability of failure to reach well TD (Total Depth). MPD (Managed Pressure Drilling) is a safer and more effective drilling technique as compared to conventional drilling, especially in wells with NMWW and downhole hazards. The precise determination and dynamic downhole pressure management was imperative to complete these wells without well control incidents. The Constant Bottom Hole Pressure (CBHP) variant in combination of automated MPD system was deployed with a mud weight statically underbalanced while dynamically managed above formation pore pressure to minimize the overbalance across the open hole. MPD enabled the operator to efficiently navigate Equivalent Circulation Density (ECD) through the pore and fracture pressure window, allowed significant improvements throughout the entire campaign. This paper discusses the challenges faced during the last three wells drilled in the campaign which includes equipment issues, commissioning delays, losses whilst drilling, Managed Pressure Cementing (MPC), 7" drill-in-liner and plugged/blocked lines due to weather and mud conditions. The paper describes HPHT infill drilling experience, specific techniques, practices as well as lessons learned from each well during the campaign were implemented to address challenges and to improve performance. The MPD system commissioning was optimized by repositioning the lines which saved significant critical rig time. The blowdown points were added on the lines that were not operational continuously therefore a procedure was developed for flushing to avoid plugging. Optimized drilling strategy was also developed where MW was further reduced to avoid losses as observed in previous wells and CBHP was maintained by manipulating Surface Back Pressure (SBP) from surface. This paper also discusses continuous improvements /upgrades in MPD operating software which assisted the operator in accurate monitoring of flow, SBP and BH-ECD to save significant rig cost in terms of invisible Non-Productive Time (NPT). MPD is a drilling enabler and performance enhancer which saved 80 days of Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) on this challenging HPHT campaign.

Influence of the digestive/reproductive tract microbiota on chicken egg production beyond host genetics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diyan Li ◽  
Shilin Tian ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
Yuan Su ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Chicken Egg ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Major Factors

Abstract Background: The microbiota of the digestive and reproductive systems has a prominent role in animal health and performance, but the extent of its contribution is difficult to determine. In chickens, the effect of host genetics on the reproductive and digestive tract microbiota is unclear, and the means by which digestive/reproductive microbiomes help improve egg production in chicken are unknown.Results: To gain insight into this, we examined genomes from 128 chickens reared under identical conditions and described their digestive (crop, gizzard and small intestine) and reproductive tract (vagina, uterus and isthmus) microbiota. Although the diversity, composition and predicted function of the digestive and reproductive tract microbiota exhibited notable microbiota variation substantially between different parts, host genetics had limited effects on the reproductive and digestive tract microbial community. The digestive and reproductive tract microbiota had a significant effect on egg production (accounting for 52.31% - 98.86% of the variance), after correcting for host genetic effects; in particular, the uterus and isthmus microbiota accounted for an average of 93.59% and 98.86%, respectively, of variance in egg production. We further identified four reproductive tract microbial species which were related to immune system, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides salanitronis, Bacteroides barnesiae and Clostridium leptum, that were significantly positively correlated with egg production. Chickens with a lower abundance of these species had produced significantly fewer eggs at 300 days of age (37.13 vs. 113.75) than those with a higher abundance of these microorganisms. These taxa indicate potential roles play in promoting reproductive performance. Especially uterus and isthmus tract microbiota were major factors in regulating the chicken egg production.Conclusions: Host genetics has limited effect on digestive/reproductive microbiome composition. The distinct site-associated chicken microbiome may be determined by the differences of their physical function. These findings may help design strategies for controlling and altering the digestive/reproductive tract microbiota in chickens to improve egg production.

Cow responses and evolution of the rumen bacterial and methanogen community following a complete rumen content transfer

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (8) ◽  
pp. 1047-1058
Author(s):  
T. De Mulder ◽  
L. Vandaele ◽  
N. Peiren ◽  
A. Haegeman ◽  
T. Ruttink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Methanogen Community ◽  
New Community

AbstractUnderstanding the rumen microbial ecosystem requires the identification of factors that influence the community structure, such as nutrition, physiological condition of the host and host–microbiome interactions. The objective of the current study was to describe the rumen microbial communities before, during and after a complete rumen content transfer. The rumen contents of one donor cow were removed completely and used as inoculum for the emptied rumen of the donor itself and three acceptor cows under identical physiological and nutritional conditions. Temporal changes in microbiome composition and rumen function were analysed for each of four cows over a period of 6 weeks. Shortly after transfer, the cows showed different responses to perturbation of their rumen content. Feed intake depression in the first 2 weeks after transfer resulted in short-term changes in milk production, methane emission, fatty acid composition and rumen bacterial community composition. These effects were more pronounced in two cows, whose microbiome composition showed reduced diversity. The fermentation metrics and microbiome diversity of the other two cows were not affected. Their rumen bacterial community initially resembled the composition of the donor but evolved to a new community profile that resembled neither the donor nor their original composition. Descriptive data presented in the current paper show that the rumen bacterial community composition can quickly recover from a reduction in microbiome diversity after a severe perturbation. In contrast to the bacteria, methanogenic communities were more stable over time and unaffected by stress or host effects.

Process-Induced Thermal Effect on Packaging Yield of RF MEMS Switches

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei L. Mercado ◽  
Shun-Meen Kuo ◽  
Tien-Yu Tom Lee ◽  
Russ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Rf Mems ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Mems Switches ◽  
Rf Mems Switches ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Lower Temperature

RF MEMS switches offer significant performance advantages in high frequency RF applications. The switches are actuated by electrostatic force when voltage was applied to the electrodes. Such devices provide high isolation when open and low contact resistance when closed. However, during the packaging process, there are various possible failure modes that may affect the switch yield and performance. The RF MEMS switches were first placed in a package and went through lid seal at 320°C. The assembled packages were then attached to a printed circuit board at 220°C. During the process, some switches failed due to electrical shorting. More interestingly, more failures were observed at the lower temperature of 220°C rather than 320°C. The failure mode was associated with the shorting bar and the cantilever design. Finite element simulations and simplified analytical solutions were used to understand the mechanics driving the behaviors. Simulation results have shown excellent agreement with experimental observations and measurements. Various solutions in package configurations were explored to overcome the hurdles in MEMS packaging and achieve better yield and performance.

Being Mindful of Perfectionism and Performance among Collegiate Gymnasts: A Person-Centered Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Erika D. Van Dyke ◽  
Aaron Metzger ◽  
Sam J. Zizzi
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Collegiate Gymnasts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Person Centered Approach ◽  
Size Estimates

Little research has integrated mindfulness and perfectionism, particularly within sports wherein athletes are judged on performance to a standard of perfection. The current study had two primary aims: (a) to explore profiles of mindfulness and perfectionism among intercollegiate gymnasts through a person-centered approach and (b) to analyze differences in objective performance across the resulting profiles. The analytic sample consisted of 244 NCAA gymnasts who completed self-report measures of mindfulness and perfectionism. Competitive performance records (i.e., national qualifying scores) were then gathered for participating gymnasts. Cluster analyses revealed a three-cluster solution; however, significant performance differences were not observed across the three profiles due to lower than desired power. Small to moderate effect size estimates provided some evidence that perfectionism may be adaptive to gymnastics performance. Elite-level athletes were represented across three distinct profiles, suggesting that more than one profile of characteristics may be adaptive for reaching high levels of performance.

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