PSIV-B-24 Dietary supplementation of botanicals changed blood profiles and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 393-394
Author(s):  
Braden Wong ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Sharon Xu ◽  
Christopher Lingga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Blood Profiles

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary botanical supplementation on blood profiles and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets experimentally infected with a pathogenic F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Sixty weaned piglets (around 21 days old; 7.15 ± 0.97 kg) were individually housed and randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments (n = 12): negative control (NC), positive control (PC), high dose of botanicals blend 1 (BB1, 100 mg/kg), and low or high dose of botanicals blend 2 (BB2, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg). The experiment lasted 28 days: from day -7 to +21 relative to E. coli inoculation. All piglets except the NC group were orally inoculated with F18 E. coli (10 cfu per dose, 3 doses) for 3 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 5, 14, and 21 post-inoculation (PI) to perform complete blood count test. Intestinal segments were collected on d 5 and 21 PI for intestinal morphology analysis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED of SAS with a randomized complete block design. E. coli infection reduced (P < 0.05) neutrophils and lymphocytes, but increased (P < 0.05) monocytes on d 4 PI. Pigs supplemented with 100 mg/kg BB2 had less (P < 0.05) lymphocytes than pigs in PC on d 4 PI. Pigs fed with 50 mg/kg BB2 had lower (P < 0.05) lymphocytes and monocytes then pigs in PC on d 21 PI. Pigs supplemented with 100 mg/kg BB2 had the greatest (P < 0.05) duodenal villi width, jejunum villi height and area, and colon crypt depth then pigs in PC on d 5 PI. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of botanicals tended to affect systemic immunity and enhance intestinal morphology of weaned pigs infected with E. coli.

19 Dietary Supplementation of Botanicals Enhanced Growth Performance and Disease Resistance of Weaned Pigs Experimentally Infected with a Pathogenic E. coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
Braden T Wong ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Sharon Xu ◽  
Christopher Lingga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary botanical supplementation on growth performance and frequency of diarrhea of weaned piglets experimentally infected with a pathogenic F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Sixty weaned piglets (around 21 days old; 7.15 ± 0.97 kg) were individually housed and randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments (n = 12): negative control (NC), positive control (PC), high dose of botanicals blend 1 (BB1, 100 ppm), low dose of botanicals blend 2 (BB2, 50 ppm), and high dose of botanicals blend 2 (BB2, 100 ppm). The experiment lasted 28 days: from day -7 to +21 relative to E. coli inoculation. All piglets except the pigs in the NC group were orally inoculated with F18 E. coli (1010 cfu per dose, 3 doses) for 3 consecutive days. Growth performance was recorded throughout the experiment and diarrhea scores were recorded daily. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED of SAS with a randomized complete block design. E. coli challenge reduced (P < 0.05) pig body weight and growth rate throughout the experiment. Pigs supplemented with high dose BB1 or BB2 tended (P < 0.10) to have greater body weight (19.52 and 19.10 vs. 18.00 kg) on d 21 PI and greater average daily gain from d 0 to 21 PI (554 and 557 vs. 515 g/d) than PC. No differences were observed in pig performance between high dose BB1 or BB2 in comparison with NC. Supplementation of high dose BB1 or BB2 also reduced (P < 0.05) frequency and severity of diarrhea of challenged pigs during the entire experimental period. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of botanicals reduced diarrhea and tended to improve growth performance of weaned pigs infected with E. coli.

478 Dietary Butyrate and Valerate Glycerides: Effects on Growth and Systemic Immunity of Weanling Piglets Coinfected with F4 and F18 Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 211-212
Author(s):  
Lauren L Kovanda ◽  
Jungjae Park ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Sangwoo Park ◽  
Ruochen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Systemic Immunity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Weanling Piglets

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 and F18 are the two most dominant pathogenic strains in weaned pigs. The objective of this experiment was to test the effects of dietary monobutyrin and monovalerin on performance and systemic immunity of weanling piglets coinfected with F4/F18 ETEC. Twenty weaned pigs (8.21 ± 1.23 kg) were individually housed and were randomly allotted to one of three diets: control (n = 6), 0.1% monobutyrin (n = 7), or 0.1% monovalerin (n = 7). The experiment was conducted 14 days, including 7 days’ adaption and 7 days post-inoculation (PI). On d 0, d 1, and d 2 PI, pigs were inoculated with 0.5 × 109 CFU/1.5 mL each of F4 and F18 ETEC for three consecutive days. Diarrhea score was recorded daily to determine frequency of diarrhea. Piglets and feeders were weighed throughout the trial to analyze growth performance. Fecal cultures from pigs on d 0, 2, and 4 PI were inspected to identify the absence or presence of hemolytic coliforms. Blood was collected on d 0, 4, and 7 PI for complete blood cells count. All data were analyzed by the Proc Mixed of SAS with randomized complete block design. Pigs supplemented with monovalerin and monobutyrin had numerically higher ADG (249 and 282 g/day) from d 0 to d 7 PI than pigs in control (198 g/day). Supplementation of monovalerin reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment. Pigs fed monovalerin had lower (P < 0.05) neutrophil counts on d 4 PI compared with control. Hemolytic coliforms were observed in all fecal cultures from d 2 and d 4 PI, confirming fecal shedding of ETEC. Results of this study indicate the potential benefits of monovalerin supplementation on performance and disease resistance of weaned pigs coinfected with F4 and F8 ETEC.

scholarly journals Understanding the transmission dynamics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 super-shedding infections in feedlot cattle

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12524
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Antaki-Zukoski ◽  
Xunde Li ◽  
Bruce Hoar ◽  
John M. Adaska ◽  
Barbara A. Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Definition Of

Background The presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) super-shedding cattle in feedlots has the potential to increase the overall number (bio-burden) of E. coli O157:H7 in the environment. It is important to identify factors to reduce the bio-burden of E. coli O157 in feedlots by clarifying practices associated with the occurrence of super-shedders in feedlot cattle. Methods The objective of this study is to (1) identify host, pathogen, and management risk factors associated with naturally infected feedlot cattle excreting high concentrations of E. coli O157:H7 in their feces and (2) to determine whether the ingested dose or the specific strain of E. coli O157:H7 influences a super-shedder infection within experimentally inoculated feedlot cattle. To address this, (1) pen floor fecal samples and herd parameters were collected from four feedlots over a 9-month period, then (2) 6 strains of E. coli O157:H7, 3 strains isolated from normal shedder steers and 3 strains isolated from super-shedder steers, were inoculated into 30 one-year-old feedlot steers. Five steers were assigned to each E. coli O157:H7 strain group and inoculated with targeted numbers of 102, 104, 106, 108, and 1010 CFU of bacteria respectively. Results In the feedlots, prevalence of infection with E. coli O157:H7 for the 890 fecal samples collected was 22.4%, with individual pen prevalence ranging from 0% to 90% and individual feedlot prevalence ranging from 8.4% to 30.2%. Three samples had E. coli O157:H7 levels greater than 104 MPN/g feces, thereby meeting the definition of super-shedder. Lower body weight at entry to the feedlot and higher daily maximum ambient temperature were associated with increased odds of a sample testing positive for E. coli O157:H7. In the experimental inoculation trial, the duration and total environmental shedding load of E. coli O157:H7 suggests that the time post-inoculation and the dose of inoculated E. coli O157:H7 are important while the E. coli O157:H7 strain and shedding characteristic (normal or super-shedder) are not. Discussion Under the conditions of this experiment, super-shedding appears to be the result of cattle ingesting a high dose of any strain of E. coli O157:H7. Therefore strategies that minimize exposure to large numbers of E. coli O157:H7 should be beneficial against the super-shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in feedlots.

scholarly journals Effects of Forsythia Suspense Extract as an Antibiotics Substitute on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Antioxidant Capacity, Fecal Escherichia coli Concentration and Intestinal Morphology of Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long ◽  
Liu ◽  
Liu ◽  
Mahfuz ◽  
Piao
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
E Coli

The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of Forsythia suspense extract (FSE) as an antibiotics substitute on performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant capacity, fecal Escherichia coli concentration and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets. A total of 108 Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) weaned piglets (28 days (d) weaned, average body weight of 8.68 ± 1.36 kg) were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments, six pens per treatment, three barrows and three gilts per pen. The treatments contained a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CTR), an antibiotic diet (basal diet + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline; CTC), and an FSE diet (basal diet + 200 mg/kg FSE; FSE). The experiment included phase 1 (d 1 to 14), phase 2 (d 15 to 28) and phase 3 (d 29 to 35). Compared with CTR, piglets fed FSE show improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake in phase 2, as well as enhanced (p < 0.05) ADG from day 15 to 35 and day 1 to 28. Piglets supplemented with CTC and FSE showed a reduced (p < 0.05) diarrhea rate in phase 1, while piglets fed FSE showed enhanced (p < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and gross energy, as well as lower (p < 0.05) nitrogen output in phase 2 compared with CTR and CTC. The content in the form of Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) of fecal E. coli on day 14 and 28 was lower (p < 0.05) in piglets fed FSE in comparison with CTR. The contents of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and catalase in serum are enhanced (p < 0.05) compared with CTR and CTC, whereas the concentration of malondialdehyde in serum was decreased (p < 0.05) for piglets fed FSE on day 28 compared with CTC. The villus height to crypt depth ratio in ileum was numerically higher (p < 0.05) in piglets fed FSE in comparison with CTR. In conclusion, dietary FSE supplementation could substitute CTC in improving antioxidant capacity, nutrients digestibility and reducing fecal E. coli content, so as to reduce nitrogen output and diarrhea rate, and eventually improve performance in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals PSII-13 Effects of antibiotics on serum metabolomic profiles in weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Minho Song ◽  
Peng Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that exposure to low-dose antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) may exacerbate the negative effects of Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection on weaned pigs. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of low-dose AGP on serum metabolomic profiles of weaned pigs experimentally infected with F18 E. coli. Thirty-four pigs (6.88 ± 1.03 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of three treatments with 9–13 replicate pigs per treatment. The three dietary treatments were control diet (control) and 2 additional diets supplemented with 0.5 or 50 mg/kg of AGP (carbadox), respectively. The experiment lasted 18 d [7 d before and 11 d after first inoculation (d 0)]. The F18 E. coli inoculum was orally provided to all pigs with the dose of 1010 cfu/3 mL for 3 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected on d 0 before E. coli inoculation and on d 5 and 11 post-inoculation (PI). Serum metabolomics were analyzed for untargeted metabolomics by gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometer (GC-TOF-MS). All processed data were statistically analyzed and evaluated by online MetaboAnalyst tool. No significant differences were observed in serum metabolites between control and low-dose AGP throughout the experiment. Supplementation of high-dose AGP changed the concentrations of several serum metabolites (P &lt; 0.05; arabitol, guanine, and xylitol) compared with control pigs on d 5 PI. Further metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that low-dose AGP modified (P &lt; 0.05) pentose phosphate pathway, DNA synthesis in T and B lymphocytes, bile acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in E. coli infected pigs, compared with high-dose AGP. In conclusion, the modification of serum metabolites and metabolic pathways by low-dose AGP may be involved in reduced growth performance, exacerbated diarrhea and systemic inflammation of weaned pigs induced by E. coli infection.

scholarly journals PSVIII-7 Effects of Bacillus subtilis on colon digesta metabolomic profiles in weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Yanhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lysine Degradation

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that supplementation of Bacillus subtilis enhanced growth rate, improved gut barrier function, and modified colon microbiome of weaned pigs infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on colon digesta metabolomic profiles of weaned pigs experimentally infected with F18 E. coli. Forty-eight pigs (6.73 ± 0.77 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of the four treatments (12 pigs/treatment). Four treatments included negative control (NC), positive control (PC), low-dose (1.28 × 109 CFU Bacillus subtilis/kg feed), and high-dose (2.56 × 109 CFU Bacillus subtilis/kg feed). The experiment lasted 18 d [7 d before and 11 d after first inoculation (d 0)]. The F18 E. coli inoculum was orally provided to all pigs with the dose of 1010 cfu/3 mL for 3 consecutive days, except NC. Twenty-four pigs (6 pigs/treatment) were euthanized on d 5 post-inoculation (PI) and the remained pigs were euthanized on d 11 PI to collect colon digesta for the analysis of metabolomic profiles by gas chromatography time of flight-mass spectrometer (GCTOF-MS). All processed data were statistically analyzed and evaluated by online MetaboAnalyst tool. No significant differences were observed in the metabolites between NC and PC on d 5 and 11 PI. Compared with PC, low- and high-dose Bacillus subtilis reduced (Fold change &gt; 1.5; FDR &lt; 0.20) four metabolites (proline, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, lysine, and glutamic acid) and two metabolites (ribose, and D-xylulose) in colon digesta on d 5 PI, respectively. These metabolites were related to aminoacyl-tRNA-biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and lysine degradation. In conclusion, supplementation of Bacillus subtilis modified the levels of microbial metabolites associated with amino acid metabolism in colon digesta of pigs.

scholarly journals 142 Effects of antibiotics on blood profiles in weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Seijoo Yang ◽  
Minho Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Profiles

Abstract The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of antibiotics on blood profiles and serum inflammatory mediators of weaned pigs experimentally infected with F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Twenty-six pigs (6.88 ± 1.03 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of three treatments with 8–12 replicate pigs per treatment. The three dietary treatments were control diet and 2 additional diets supplemented with 0.5 or 50 mg/kg carbadox, respectively. The experiment lasted 18 d (7 d before and 11 d after first inoculation [d 0]). F18 E. coli inoculum was daily and orally as 1010 cfu/3 mL for 3 d. Blood samples were collected before E. coli inoculation and on d 2, 5, 8, and 11 post-inoculation (PI). Total and differential blood cell count were analyzed by CBC test. All data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED of SAS. Supplementation of low-dose antibiotics had greatest (P < 0.05) neutrophils but lowest (P < 0.05) monocytes on d 2 PI, compared with control and high-dose antibiotics groups. Pigs in the low-dose antibiotics group still had higher (P < 0.05) white blood cell counts and lymphocytes than pigs in the other groups on d 11 PI. In consistent with CBC results, pigs supplemented with low-dose antibiotics had greatest (P < 0.05) serum C-reactive protein on d 2 and 5 PI and serum TNF-α on d 5 PI, compared with pigs in the control and high-dose antibiotics groups. No differences were observed in the red blood cell profiles between pigs in control and low-dose antibiotics groups, whereas supplementation of high-dose antibiotics had lowest (P < 0.05) packed cell volume but highest (P < 0.05) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration among three treatments. In conclusion, low-dose antibiotic supplementation may exacerbate systemic inflammation caused by F18 E. coli infection.

scholarly journals 171 Young Scholar Presentation: Dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis influenced intestinal health and metabolomic profiles of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Xia Xiong ◽  
Amy Ehrlich ◽  
Xunde Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

Abstract There is growing evidence to support the beneficial effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials (DFM) on performance, health status, and immune responses of weaned pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis (DSM 25841) on growth performance, diarrhea, gut permeability, immunity and metabolomic profiles of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). E. coli infection reduced (P &lt; 0.05) growth performance and intestinal villi height, whereas increased (P &lt; 0.05) diarrhea and permeability in the jejunum compared with non-challenged control. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly enhanced average daily gain of E. coli infected pigs (d 0 to 5 post-inoculation (PI), P &lt; 0.05; d 0 to 11 PI, P = 0.058). Inclusion of high dose Bacillus subtilis reduced (P &lt; 0.05) jejunal permeability on d 5 and d 11 PI compared with the E. coli challenged control. E. coli challenged control pigs up-regulated (P &lt; 0.05) the mRNA expression of SLC5A10 and MUC2 on d 5 PI, but down-regulated (P &lt; 0.05) expression of SLC5A10, MUC2, and CLDN1 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly up-regulated (P &lt; 0.05) the mRNA expression of CFTR and ZO1 on d 5 PI and SLC5A10 and MUC2 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs. E. coli infection increased (P &lt; 0.05) the mRNA expression of several immune genes in the ileal mucosa, while inclusion of Bacillus subtilis linearly down-regulated gene expression of IL1A on d 5 PI (P = 0.07) and IL6 on d 11 PI (P &lt; 0.05) in ileal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis modified (Fold change &gt; 1.5; FDR &lt; 0.20) metabolomic profiles in colon digesta, related to pathogenesis and amino acid metabolism. In conclusion, supplementation of Bacillus subtilis enhanced growth rate, improved gut health, and modified metabolomic profiles of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli.

scholarly journals PSIV-11 Effects of very low-dose antibiotics on gene expression profiles in ileal mucosa of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic E. coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 286-286
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Sungbong Jang ◽  
Yanhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that supplementation of low-dose antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) exacerbated growth performance and systemic inflammation of weaned pigs infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). The objective of this experiment, which is extension of our previous report, was to investigate the effect of low-dose AGP on gene expression in ileal mucosa of weaned pigs experimentally infected with F18 E. coli. Thirty-four pigs (6.88 ± 1.03 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of three treatments (9 to 13 pigs/treatment). The three dietary treatments were control diet (control), and 2 additional diets supplemented with 0.5 or 50 mg/kg of AGP (carbadox), respectively. The experiment lasted 18 d [7 d before and 11 d after first inoculation (d 0)]. The F18 E. coli inoculum was orally provided to all pigs with the dose of 1010 cfu/3 mL for 3 consecutive days. Total RNA [4 to 6 pigs/treatment on d 5; 5 to 7 pigs/treatment on 11 post-inoculation (PI)] was extracted from ileal mucosa to analyze gene expression profiles by Batch-Tag-Seq. The modulated differential gene expression were defined by 1.5-fold difference and a cutoff of P &lt; 0.05 using limma-voom package. All processed data were statistically analyzed and evaluated by PANTHER classification system to determine the biological process function of genes in these lists. Compared to control, supplementation of recommended-dose AGP down-regulated genes related to inflammatory responses on d 5 and 11 PI; whereas, feeding low-dose AGP up-regulated genes associated with negative regulation of metabolic process on d 5, but down-regulated the genes related to immune responses on d 11 PI. The present observations support adverse effects of low-dose AGP in our previous study, indicated by exacerbated the detrimental effects of E. coli infection on pigs’ growth rate, diarrhea and systemic inflammation.

scholarly journals Molecular surveillance of shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in selected beef abattoirs in Osun State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femi Ayoade ◽  
Judith Oguzie ◽  
Philomena Eromon ◽  
Omolola E. Omotosho ◽  
Tosin Ogunbiyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Representative Isolate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Toxigenic Strains

AbstractShiga toxigenic strains of E. coli (STEC) known to be etiological agents for diarrhea were screened for their incidence/occurrence in selected abattoirs sources in Osogbo metropolis of Osun State, Nigeria using a randomized block design. Samples were plated directly on selective and differential media and E. coli isolates. Multiplex PCR analysis was used to screen for the presence of specific virulence factors. These were confirmed serologically as non-O157 STEC using latex agglutination serotyping kit. Sequence analysis of PCR products was performed on a representative isolate showing the highest combination of virulence genes using the 16S gene for identification purposes only. Results showed that the average cfu/cm2 was significantly lower in the samples collected at Sekona-2 slaughter slab compared with those collected at Al-maleek batch abattoir and Sekona-1 slaughter slab in ascending order at P = 0.03. Moreover, the average cfu/cm2E. coli in samples collected from butchering knife was significantly lower when compared with that of the workers’ hand (P = 0.047) and slaughtering floor (P = 0.047) but not with the slaughter table (P = 0.98) and effluent water from the abattoir house (P = 0.39). These data suggest that the abattoir type may not be as important in the prevalence and spread of STEC as the hygiene practices of the workers. Sequence analysis of a representative isolate showed 100% coverage and 96.46% percentage identity with Escherichia coli O113:H21 (GenBank Accession number: CP031892.1) strain from Canada. This sequence was subsequently submitted to GenBank with accession number MW463885. From evolutionary analyses, the strain from Nigeria, sequenced in this study, is evolutionarily distant when compared with the publicly available sequences from Nigeria. Although no case of E. coli O157 was found within the study area, percent occurrence of non-O157 STEC as high as 46.3% at some of the sampled sites is worrisome and requires regulatory interventions in ensuring hygienic practices at the abattoirs within the study area.

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