PSXIII-34 Effect of supplementation with corn DDGS on intake and ruminal fermentation parameters by beef steers fed a tropical grass hay.

Abstract Six ruminally cannulated steers (average BW = 791 + 71 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment to determine the effects of roughage type on rumination, fiber mat characteristics, and rumen fermentation variables. Three roughages were included at 7% (DM basis) in a steam flaked corn-based diet; cotton burrs (CB), wheat silage (WS), or corn stalks (CS). Steers were fitted with a sensory collar to record rumination behaviors in 2-h intervals at the beginning of the experiment. Each 30-d period consisted of a 7-d of recovery, 14-d of diet adaptation, 7-d of rumination data collection (daily and bi-hourly average rumination), 1-d of rumen fluid collection, and 1-d of rumen evacuations. In situ degradation of individual roughages was determined for 4-d after period 3 evacuations. During rumen evacuations, ruminal contents were removed; the rumen fiber mat (RF) was separated from the liquid portion with a 2 mm sieve, weighed, and a subsample was dried. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with steer as the experimental unit and roughage (CB, WS, and CS) as the main effect. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not different for CB and WS (P = 0.25) and greatest for steers consuming CS diet (P < 0.01). Roughage type did not influence the weight of the RF dry matter (%; DM; P = 0.92), RF weight (P = 0.69), or RF:DMI ratio (P = 0.29). Daily rumination (min/d) did not differ among roughages (P = 0.40), but min of rumination/kg of DMI was greatest for CS (18.0 min), min/kg of NDF was greatest for WS (89.8 min; P = 0.02), and min/kg of peNDF was greatest for CS (132.4 min; P < 0.01). Wheat silage had the greatest percentage of soluble DM and CB-R and CS-R (P < 0.01) had the greatest ruminal degraded DM fraction. Rumen fiber mat did not differ for roughages, although rumination min/kg of DMI and peNDF was greatest for steers consuming CS and WS. In situ degradation determined that CB-R and CS-R had the greatest percentage of ruminal degraded DM. Based on the objective of the experiment, roughage type did not influence daily rumination or fiber mat characteristics.

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537 Intake and ruminal fermentation parameters of beef steers consuming bahiagrass hay treated with calcium oxide

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/asasann.2017.537 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽

pp. 263-263

Author(s):

F. M. Ciriaco ◽

D. D. Henry ◽

T. M. Schulmeister ◽

P. L. P. Fontes ◽

N. Oosthuizen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxide ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Parameters

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PSI-2 Evaluation of feed by-products on in vitro DMD, methane production and ruminal fermentation parameters

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.585 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 289-290

Author(s):

Sidonie P Robinson ◽

Kim Ominski ◽

Karin Wittenberg ◽

Emma McGeough

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Block Design ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Mitigation Potential ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

By Products ◽

Corn Ddgs

Abstract In-vitro batch culture assessment was used to examine DMD, ruminal fermentation parameters and CH4 production associated with a range of by-products feeds including pea hulls, pea screenings, soybean, soybean meal, wheat bran, wheat screenings, wheat DDGS, wheat corn DDGS, corn DDGS, coarse hemp powder, hemp hulls, flax screenings, nexera canola, commodity canola, sunflower screenings, quinoa and dogwood in a randomized complete block design. By-products were obtained from various locations across Manitoba at 3 monthly timepoints to account for sample variability. By-products (0.5g DM) were weighed individually into jars and incubated at 39°C in jars containing buffered medium and rumen fluid for 48 hrs. Gas samples were collected at 3,6,9,12,18,24,36 and 48 hr and CH4, DM disappearance, pH, VFA and ammonia concentrations were measured. Data were analysed using the MIXED procedure of SAS including treatment as a fixed effect and run, block, month and location as random effects. Methane output was regressed on CP and NDF to determine the effect of these constituents. Treatment had a significant effect (P < 0.0001) on CH4 (ml/g DMD) produced, with dogwood having the lowest cumulative CH4 (11.13 ml/g DMD) compared to all other treatments. Methane (ml/g DMD) decreased (P < 0.0005) as pH decreased. An inverse relationship between protein and CH4 was apparent, which explained 31% (R2= 0.31) of the CH4 (ml/g DMD) produced. Further, NDF (%) had a significant effect (P < 0.0001) on CH4 and explained 25% (R2=0.25) of the CH4 (ml/g DMD) produced. Overall, by-products higher in crude protein and lower in NDF produced lower (P < 0.001) CH4 ml/g DMD. Although the addition of dogwood to cattle diets is novel, it does show potential CH4 mitigation potential using in vitro assessment.

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Ruminal fermentation, methanogenesis and nitrogen utilization of sheep receiving tropical grass hay-concentrate diets offered with Sapindus saponaria fruits and Cratylia argentea foliage

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800054643 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 177-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

H. D. Hess ◽

R. A. Beuret ◽

M. Lötscher ◽

I. K. Hindrichsen ◽

A. Machmüller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin Square ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Body Protein ◽

Protein Retention ◽

Methane Release ◽

Grass Hay ◽

Sapindus Saponaria ◽

Tropical Grass

AbstractThe effects of supplementing a tropical, low-quality grass hay (Brachiaria dictyoneura) with legume foliage (Cratylia argentea) or fruits of the multipurpose tree Sapindus saponaria on ruminal fermentation, methane release and nitrogen (N) utilization were evaluated. Six Swiss White Hill lambs were used in a 6 ✕ 6 Latin-square design with a 3 ✕ 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with measurements of energy metabolism being conducted using open-circuit respiratory chambers. Treatments consisted of three basal diets, either grass alone or legume: grass ratios of 1: 2 or 2: 1. These basal diets were supplemented (1: 3) with a control concentrate or with a concentrate containing 250 g/kg dry matter of S. saponaria fruits. The apparent total tract digestibilities of organic matter (OM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) were reduced and the proportionate crude protein (CP) losses through faeces were increased (P 0·01) by supplementation with S. saponaria, and digestibilities of OM and NDF were linearly reduced (P 0·001) with increasing legume proportion. Body energy retention, however, was similar in all diets. Along with CP intake, the proportionate CP losses through faeces decreased (P 0·001) with increasing legume proportion which was associated with improved (P 0·001) body protein retention and reduced (P 0·1) fat retention. Ruminal fluid ammonia concentration was not significantly affected (P > 0·1) by the inclusion of S. saponaria in the concentrate, but increased linearly (P 0·001) as dietary legume proportion was elevated. Supplementation with fruits of S. saponaria increased (P 0·01) total bacteria count, and decreased (P 0·001) total ciliate protozoa count by more than proportionately 0·50. Daily methane release was reduced (P 0·01) by S. saponaria supplementation in all basal diet types. Although being not clearly affected on a daily basis, methane release relative to body protein retention decreased linearly (P 0·05) with increasing legume proportion. The fact that interactions were mostly non-significant (P > 0·05) indicates that supplementation with S. saponaria fruits is a useful means to reduce methane emission from sheep given both tropical grass-based and grass-legume-based diets. Likewise, including legumes in N-limited tropical diets seems to represent an environmentally friendly way to improve animal productivity.

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Effect of protein supplementation on tropical grass hay utilization by beef steers drinking saline water1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas.2013-7138 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 2152-2160 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. López ◽

J. I. Arroquy ◽

A. V. Juárez Sequeira ◽

M. García ◽

M. Nazareno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Supplementation ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Grass Hay ◽

Tropical Grass

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Ruminal degradation kinetics, intake, digestibility, and feeding behavior of beef steers offered annual or perennial grass-hay with or without supplementation

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab168 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J D Sugg ◽

J O Sarturi ◽

D D Henry ◽

F M Ciriaco ◽

C P West ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Latin Square ◽

Eragrostis Tef ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Grass Hay ◽

Ruminal Degradation

Abstract Effects of dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) on ruminal fermentation, degradation kinetics, and feeding behavior of steers offered annual (Eragrostis tef; TEFF) or perennial (Bothriochloa bladhii; OWB) grass-hay were evaluated. Ruminally-cannulated Angus crossbred steers [n = 6; body weight (BW) = 304 ± 11 kg] were assigned to a 4 × 6 unbalanced Latin square design with 4 treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial: hay type (OWB or TEFF) and DDGS supplementation {0 or 0.5% BW [dry matter (DM) basis]}. Steers had ad libitum access to hay. Periods consisted of a 14-d adaptation followed by 7 d of collection. Residues from the in situ incubations (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h post-feeding) were fitted to a first-order kinetics model using the NLIN procedure of SAS. The DDGS decreased (P < 0.01) TEFF DM intake (DMI) by 11.3%, while not affecting DMI of OWB. The greatest DMI was observed for steers supplemented with DDGS, regardless of forage, and least in steers consuming OWB without DDGS (hay type × DDGS; P = 0.03). Non-supplemented steers spent more (P < 0.01) time eating hay. Digestibility of DM tended (P = 0.06) to increase with DDGS supplementation. A hay type × DDGS interaction was observed (P ≤ 0.05) on ruminal effective degradable fractions. The rate of degradation, soluble fraction, and the potentially degradable fraction of OM, NDF, and ADF increased (P ≤ 0.05), while the undegradable fraction of all components decreased (P ≤ 0.01) when steers were offered TEFF compared to OWB. Ruminal DM, OM, and ADF degradation lag-time increased (P ≤ 0.02) in steers offered OWB. Ruminal degradation kinetics were not (P ≥ 0.17) independently affected by DDGS supplementation. Average ruminal pH of steers offered TEFF (P < 0.01) and those offered DDGS (P < 0.01) were lower than OWB and non-supplemented steers. Total concentration of VFA tended (P = 0.09) to increase when DDGS was provided with OWB, while decreasing when TEFF was offered. The acetate:propionate increased (P < 0.01) with DDGS supplementation due to a decrease (P = 0.03) in propionate. Ruminal NH3-N was greater (P = 0.03) in steers offered TEFF compared to OWB, and those supplemented with DDGS (P = 0.03). An annual, in place of a conventional, perennial hay improved intake and digestion of nutrients, without affecting feeding behavior. The supplementation with DDGS appears to affect forage intake, ruminal degradation, and feeding behavior, although not independent of forage quality.

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PSXIII-6 Effects of cyclic monensin feeding on ruminally cannulated beef steers consuming low-quality forage

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.828 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 467-467

Author(s):

Natasha L Bell ◽

Daisy A Gonzalez ◽

Kayla Hook

Keyword(s):

Bos Taurus ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Animal Health ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Dried Distillers Grains ◽

Treatment Interaction ◽

Fermentation Parameters

Abstract The loss of monensin efficacy when fed continuously requires further study for development of novel feeding strategies that may prolong its effectiveness. In the present study, effects of cyclic monensin feeding on utilization of low-quality forage (LQF; 4.9%CP) were evaluated using ruminally cannulated steers (12 Bos taurus; 260 kg BW). Steers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) CON (0 mg∙hd-1∙d-1 monensin; Rumensin® 90, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN), 2) MON (200 mg∙hd-1∙d-1 monensin) or 3) CYC (200 mg∙hd-1∙d-1 monensin for 14 d and 0 mg∙hd-1∙d-1 monensin for subsequent 14 d). Dried distillers grains (1 kg∙hd-1∙d-1) were fed for monensin inclusion. Each of four periods were 28 days in length. Hay, ort, and fecal samples were collected d 10–14 of each period for measures of digestion. Rumen fluid was collected with a suction strainer 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h after feeding on d 14 for VFA analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). A period × treatment interaction was not observed for any measure of digestion (DMD, OMD, NDFD; P ≥ 0.39). A period × treatment interaction (P < 0.01) was observed for acetate, propionate, and A:P. An hour effect was observed for all ruminal fermentation parameters (acetate, propionate, A:P ratio, total VFA; P ≤ 0.01). No treatment effects or interactions were observed for any ruminal fermentation parameters by period 4 (P ≥ 0.15), but an hour effect was observed for all parameters (P ≤ 0.03) in period 4. Exploration of novel feeding strategies results in knowledge beef cattle producers can apply in their operations. This data is particularly relevant in cow-calf operations where LQF is often consumed. Although cyclically feeding monensin was similar to continuous feeding, this research furthers our knowledge and understanding of monensin.

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Dried distiller´s grains plus solubles supplementation improves low-quality tropical grass utilization on beef steers

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20201127 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Olegario Hernández ◽

Agustín López ◽

Elisa Mariana García ◽

Mónica Azucena Nazareno ◽

José Ignacio Arroquy

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Live Weight ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Total Volatile ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Fatty Acids Profile ◽

Guinea Grass ◽

Corn Ddgs

ABSTRACT: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of corn dried distiller´s grains (DDGS) supplementation on feed intake, total tract digestibility, and ruminal fermentation of beef steers fed low-quality Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus, cv. Gatton panic). Twelve Braford crossbred steers were housed in individual pens (n = 4 steers/treatment), provided with three levels of DDGS supplement: 0%, 0.6%, or 1.2% BW. Steers were blocked by live weight and randomly assigned to treatments within the block. Corn DDGS supplementation increased total OM intake (21.55, 40.23, and 56.69 g/kg BW0.75) and tract OM digestibility (46.33, 49.03, and 72.39 % DM). Total tract digestible OM, CP, NDF and EE intake also increase in response to DDGS supplementation. Forage OM intake decreased when supplementation level reached 1.2 % BW. Also, ruminal pH decreased with DDGS supplementation level (6.88, 6.47, and 6.27). No differences were observed in total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration; however, the molar proportion of acetate decreased (77.98, 73.90, and 67.29 % Total VFA) as well as acetate: propionate ratio (4.38, 3.48, and 2.74). On the contrary, propionate proportions increased (18.32, 21.86, and 24.81 % Total VFA). Levels of ammonia and lactate were within suggested values for optimal fermentation and bacterial growth. Low-quality grass supplementation with corn DDGS increased total OM intake and digestibility. Also, DDGS inclusion favorably altered volatile fatty acids profile by reducing the acetate to propionate ratio regarding forage-only diets.

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Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 788

Author(s):

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽

Juan J. Loor ◽

Philip C. Garnsworthy

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Trans Fatty Acids ◽

Latin Square ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Plasma Lipoproteins ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Short Term ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows, each with a ruminal cannula, were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three-day pulsing periods and four-day washout intervals between treatments. Cows were treated with single ruminal pulses of: (1) control (skimmed milk (SM); 500 mL); (2) soybean oil (SO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM) and (3) partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM). Time changes after infusion in TFA contents were only observed for plasma C18:1 trans-4, trans-5 and trans-12, and high-density lipoprotein fraction C18:1 trans-9. After ruminal pulses, concentration of acetate decreased linearly; molar concentrations of propionate and valerate increased linearly; molar concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate changed quadratically and were greater at 1 h than at other times. There was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Overall, naturally occurring C18:1 TFA isomers (produced during ruminal biohydrogenation of SO) and preformed TFA (supplied by PHVO) elicited differential TFA partitioning and transport in plasma and lipoproteins.

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PSXIII-26 Supplementation with a polyphenolic pine bark extract reduces ammonia nitrogen production in a RUSITEC system as determined by principal component analysis

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 435-436

Author(s):

Nelson Vera ◽

Constanza Gutierrez ◽

Pamela Williams ◽

Cecilia Fuentealba ◽

Rodrigo Allende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Parameters

Abstract The aim of the study was to correlate the effects of supplementation with a polyphenolic pine bark extract (PBE) in diets with different forage to concentrate (F:C) ratio on methane (CH4), ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) production and ruminal fermentation parameters using the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC). The experimental diets were F:C 70:30 (HF) or F:C 30:70 (HC) with or without 2% PBE on a DM basis. The four diets were isoproteic (15% CP), with similar OM (HF 94% and HC 96%), but different NDF (HF 40% and HC 25%). The treatments, in duplicate, were assigned in an 8 fermenter RUSITEC apparatus. Incubations were run twice, with 5 days of sampling after 10 days adaptation. The experimental design was a 2x2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block with repeated measures. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted to elucidate relationships among PBE total polyphenols (TP) and the variables evaluated. The TP was highly correlated with NH3–N (r = –0.98; P < 0.001) and butyrate (r = –0.85; P < 0.001), and had a high correlation with propionate (r = 0.75; P < 0.001) and acetate (r = 0.68; P = 0.001). Correlation with total VFA was moderate (r = –0.59; P = 0.006), and CH4 yield and IVDMD there were not correlated (r ≤ –0.07; P ≥ 0.188). The PCA (KMO = 0.655; BTS < 0.001) shows that 75.2% of the total variation is explained by the first two principal components (PC1 = 46.5% and PC2 = 28.7%). In the score plot, PC1 discriminated between diets with and without PBE, while the PC2 separated based on NDF. The loading plot showed that TP and propionate were clustered, and had inverse directions to NH3–N. In conclusion, the PBE supplementation reduces NH3–N production in a RUSITEC system without decreasing CH4 yield or negatively affecting ruminal fermentation parameters.

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