scholarly journals 14 Effect of implant status and non-hormone treated cattle status on sale price of beef calves-Superior Livestock Video Auction

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Esther D McCabe ◽  
Mike E King ◽  
Karol E Fike ◽  
Maggie J Smith ◽  
Kevin L Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Procedure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
A Value ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract The objective was to determine the sale prices of beef calf lots enrolled in the non-hormone treated cattle (NHTC) program and those that received implants, sold through summer video auctions from 2010 through 2018. Data analyzed were collected from 67 summer livestock video auctions from 2010 through 2018. There were 40,941 lots of beef calves used in the analyses. All lot characteristics that could be accurately quantified or categorized were used to develop multiple regression models that evaluated the effects of independent factors on sale price each year using a backwards selection procedure. A value of P < 0.05 was used to maintain a factor in the final models. The NHTC program is a USDA-approved program created in 1999, when the European Union and the United States agreed to control measures for trade of non-hormone treated beef. By definition, these cattle could not receive growth-promoting implants. The percentage of lots enrolled in the NHTC program grew from 5.2% to 23.8% from 2010 through 2018 (Table 1). The largest increase was 8 percentage points from 2017 to 2018. For seven of the nine years, premiums were associated with NHTC lots. The added value for a lot of beef calves enrolled in the NHTC program ranged from $1.02/45.36 kg in 2013 to $4.04/45.36 kg in 2014. In the nine years of analysis, implant status did not result in price reduction in any year. While the percentage of NHTC lots grew, we did not see a corresponding decline in the value of implanted lots.

scholarly journals 242 Effect of trucking distance on sale price of beef calf and feeder cattle lots sold through video auctions from 2010 through 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
Esther D McCabe ◽  
Mike E King ◽  
Karol E Fike ◽  
Maggie J Smith ◽  
Glenn M Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Feeder Cattle ◽  
A Value ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Determine Effect

Abstract The objective was to determine effect of trucking distance on sale price of beef calf and feeder cattle lots sold through Superior Livestock Video Auctions from 2010 through 2018. Data analyzed were collected from 211 livestock video auctions. There were 42,043 beef calf lots and 19,680 feeder cattle lots used in these analyses. Six states (Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) of delivery comprised 70% of calf lots and 83% of feeder cattle lots and were used in these analyses. All lot characteristics that could be accurately quantified or categorized were used to develop multiple regression models that evaluated effects of independent factors using backwards selection. A value of P &lt; 0.05 was used to maintain a factor in the final models. Based upon reported state of origin and state of delivery, lots were categorized into one of the following trucking distance categories: 1) Within-State, 2) Short-Haul, 3) Medium-Haul, and 4) Long-Haul. Average weight and number of calves in lots analyzed was 259.2 ± 38.4 kg BW and 100.6 ± 74.3 head, respectively. Average weight and number of feeder cattle in lots analyzed was 358.4 ± 34.3 kg BW and 110.6 ± 104.1 head, respectively. Beef calf lots hauled Within-State sold for more ($169.24/45.36 kg; P &lt; 0.0001) than other trucking distance categories (Table 1). Long-Haul calf lots sold for the lowest (P &lt; 0.0001) price ($166.70/45.36 kg). Within-State and Short-Haul feeder cattle lots sold for the greatest (P &lt; 0.0001) price ($149.96 and $149.81/45.36 kg, respectively; Table 2). Long-Haul feeder cattle lots sold for the lowest (P &lt; 0.0001) price, $148.43/45.36 kg. These results indicate there is a price advantage for lots expected to be hauled shorter distances, likely because of cost and risk associated with transportation.

A Comprehensive Review of Spirit Drink Safety Standards and Regulations from an International Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Na Pang ◽  
Zhao-Jie Li ◽  
Jing-Yu Chen ◽  
Li-Juan Gao ◽  
Bei-Zhong Han
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Standards And Regulations

ABSTRACT Standards and regulations related to spirit drinks have been established by different countries and international organizations to ensure the safety and quality of spirits. Here, we introduce the principles of food safety and quality standards for alcoholic beverages and then compare the key indicators used in the distinct standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the European Union, the People's Republic of China, the United States, Canada, and Australia. We also discuss in detail the “maximum level” of the following main contaminants of spirit drinks: methanol, higher alcohols, ethyl carbamate, hydrocyanic acid, heavy metals, mycotoxins, phthalates, and aldehydes. Furthermore, the control measures used for potential hazards are introduced. Harmonization of the current requirements based on comprehensive scope analysis and the risk assessment approach will enhance both the trade and quality of distilled spirits. This review article provides valuable information that will enable producers, traders, governments, and researchers to increase their knowledge of spirit drink safety requirements, control measures, and research trends.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Functional Food Regulations in Japan and Globally

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Mohamed Farid ◽  
Kota Kodama ◽  
Teruyo Arato ◽  
Takashi Okazaki ◽  
Tetsuaki Oda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Food Regulations

Since its inception in Japan, functional food has continued to deliver a true added value to a wide spectrum of customers, especially in aging subpopulations. Japanese companies have strong &quot;R&amp;D&quot; capabilities and strong know-how in the field of functional foods. They have the opportunity to grow overseas by promoting and marketing their products. The main challenge is to understand the foreign markets and their regulations to be able to promote Japanese products overseas. To achieve this goal, the study reports a scientific review of the relevant literature and official legislative reports published by the authorized entities in several countries to create a comparison between the rules and regulations in different countries such as China, the European Union, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. The study results provide suggestions for entry strategies to recommended foreign markets based on regulatory situations. The study also provides a comparison for the different functional food regulations in Japan (FOSHU, FNFC, FFC), along with an introduction for the new local government certification system.

On the development of deep grain processing in Russia and abroad: an innovative aspect

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
I.S. Sandu ◽  
◽  
V.G. Bykov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
New Products ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article analyzes the current state and prospects for the development of deep processing of corn and wheat in Russia and abroad – in the United States, the European Union, Brazil and China. It is emphasized that despite the presence of some constraining factors in recent years, the development of this direction in the grain complex has intensified in Russia. This is due to the commissioning of a number of large specialized factories for the production of new products with high added value: starch, gluten, glucose-fructose syrups, amino acids, and others, which reduces the cost of foreign currency funds for their import due to import substitution. The essence of the biotechnological process and its three main fractions in the production of deep grain processing products, as well as its economic component, are considered on the example of the design solution of a plant with a capacity of 500 t/day. Additional measures of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation to enhance support for the development of deep grain processing in the country and to increase the export of new products are presented.

scholarly journals 198 Sale price of Holstein feeder steer lots relative to other breed descriptions sold through Superior Livestock video sales from 2010 through 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Esther D McCabe ◽  
Maggie J Smith ◽  
Micheal E King ◽  
Karol E Fike ◽  
Glenn M Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Final Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Value ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Beef Steer

Abstract The objective was to determine relative value of Holstein feeder steer lots compared to steer lots of other breed descriptions sold through video auctions while adjusting for all other factors that significantly influenced sale price. Data were analyzed from 14,075 lots of feeder steers sold through 211 livestock video auctions from 2010 through 2018. All lot characteristics that could be accurately quantified or categorized were used to develop a multiple regression model that evaluated effects of independent factors on sale price using a backwards selection procedure. A value of P &lt; 0.05 was used to maintain a factor in the final model. A lot was categorized into one of four breed descriptions: 1) English, English crossed, 2) English-Continental crossed, 3) Brahman influenced, 4) Holstein. Average weight and number of steers in lots analyzed was 363.2 ± 50.6 kg BW and 121.1 ± 110.3 head, respectively. English, English crossed lots sold for the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) sale price ($152.39/45.36 kg). English-Continental crossed lots sold for the second greatest (P &lt; 0.05) sale price ($150.61/45.36 kg). Brahman influenced sold for the third greatest (P &lt; 0.05) sale price ($148.75/45.36 kg). Holstein lots sold for the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) sale price ($110.56/45.36 kg). To determine potential change in relative value of Holstein feeder steers from 2010 to 2018, data were analyzed in three-year increments. In all three-year increments, Holstein feeder lots sold for the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) sale price compared to the other breed descriptions of beef steer lots. The average discount of Holstein feeder lots relative to other breed descriptions was $33.19/45.36 kg BW in 2010–2012, $42.96/45.36 kg BW in 2013–2015, and was the greatest in 2016–2018 at an average discount of $46.24/45.36 kg BW, likely indicating lessening interest in the feedlot sector to feed Holstein steers to harvest.

scholarly journals Modelling and predicting the spatio-temporal spread of COVID-19 in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Giuliani ◽  
Maria Michela Dickson ◽  
Giuseppe Espa ◽  
Flavio Santi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in China at the end of 2019 and it has since spread in few months all over the World. Italy was one of the first Western countries who faced the health emergency and is one of the countries most severely affected by the pandemic. The diffusion of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy has followed a peculiar spatial pattern, however the attention of the scientific community has so far focussed almost exclusively on the prediction of the evolution of the disease over time. Methods Official freely available data about the number of infected at the finest possible level of spatial areal aggregation (Italian provinces) are used to model the spatio-temporal distribution of COVID-19 infections at local level. An endemic-epidemic time-series mixed-effects generalized linear model for areal disease counts has been implemented to understand and predict spatio-temporal diffusion of the phenomenon. Results Three subcomponents characterize the fitted model. The first describes the transmission of the illness within provinces; the second accounts for the transmission between nearby provinces; the third is related to the evolution of the disease over time. At the local level, the provinces first concerned by containment measures are those that are not affected by the effects of spatial neighbours. On the other hand, the component accounting for the spatial interaction with surrounding areas is prevalent for provinces that are strongly involved by contagions. Moreover, the proposed model provides good forecasts for the number of infections at local level while controlling for delayed reporting. Conclusions A strong evidence is found that strict control measures implemented in some provinces efficiently break contagions and limit the spread to nearby areas. While containment policies may potentially be more effective if planned considering the peculiarities of local territories, the effective and homogeneous enforcement of control measures at national level is needed to prevent the disease control being delayed or missed as a whole. This may also apply at international level where, as it is for the European Union or the United States, the internal border checks among states have largely been abolished.

scholarly journals 15 Factors affecting the sale price of bred heifers sold through Superior Livestock video auctions from 2010 through 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Maggie J Smith ◽  
Esther D McCabe ◽  
Mike E King ◽  
Karol E Fike ◽  
Kevin L Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
North Central ◽  
South Central ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Central South

Abstract The objective was to evaluate potential factors influencing sale price of bred heifers sold through a video auction service. Descriptive characteristics of lots were obtained through a livestock video auction service. Data were available on 1,779 lots of bred heifers sold through video auctions from 2010 through 2017. Multiple regression with a backwards selection procedure was used to determine factors influencing sale price. Eleven factors were included in the original model. These were year, weight (linear and quadratic), region, breed description, weight variation, origin, frame score, flesh score, and size of lot (linear and quadratic). Size of lot (linear and quadratic) and weight (quadratic) did not affect sale price (P > 0.05) and therefore were not included in the final model. Breed description of the lots was characterized into five groups: English-English cross, English-Continental cross, Black Angus sired out of dams with no Brahman influence, Red Angus sired out of dams with no Brahman influence, and Brahman influenced. The United States was divided into five regions: West Coast, Rocky Mountain/North Central, South Central, South East, and Northeast, which was excluded from analysis due to few lots originating from this region. Lots of bred heifers sold for the lowest sale price (P < 0.05) in 2010 at $955/head (Table 1). In 2015, lots sold for the highest price (P < 0.05) compared with all other years ($2,725/head). Those lots originating from the Rocky Mountain/North Central region sold for the highest price (P < 0.05, $1,677/head). Red Angus sired lots sold for the highest price (P < 0.05, $1,711/head) compared with all other breed descriptions. There was an $85.00 increase in price for every 45.36 kg increase in weight. Understanding factors influencing sale price of bred heifers will allow producers to make more informed decisions.

scholarly journals The costs of soil erosion

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Santos Telles ◽  
Maria de Fátima Guimarães ◽  
Sonia Carmela Falci Dechen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Site Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
A Value

The aim of this study was a survey of the estimated costs of soil erosion, an issue of fundamental importance in view of the current worldwide discussions on sustainability. A list was drawn up of research papers on erosion (on-site and off-site effects) and their respective costs. The estimates indicate the amount of resources spent in the process of soil degradation, raising a general awareness of the need for soil conservation. On-site costs affect the production units directly, while off-site costs create a burden borne by the environment, economy and society. In addition, estimating the costs of soil erosion should be effective to alert the agricultural producers, society and government for the need for measures that can be implemented to bring erosion under control. Among the various estimates of soil erosion costs between 1933 a 2010, the highest figure was 45.5 billion dollars a year for the European Union. In the United States, the highest figure was 44 billion dollars a year. In Brazil, estimates for the state of Paraná indicate a value of 242 million dollars a year, and for the state of São Paulo, 212 million dollars a year. These figures show, above all, that conservation measures must be implemented if crop and livestock farming production are to be sustainable.

scholarly journals Innovative creative activities of Russian companies in the global business environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 05016
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Samoylov ◽  
Irina A. Zhulega ◽  
Evelina Sycheva
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
The Face

Research background: Analytical research is needed to manage innovation development, which is the relevant background of this work. Purpose of the article: The aim of this study is to analyse and evaluate the use of innovative creative technologies to create added value in the face of globalization change. The aim of the study is to compare the dynamics of innovative creative development of Russia and the world leaders. Methods: The Global Innovation Index (GII-2020) is used as a scientific and methodological approach to monitoring and analysing the level of innovative creative processes, based on the study of available statistical sources and studies conducted by Cornell University, INSEAD and WIPO. Findings & Value added: At present, in the conditions of the global crisis and the strengthening of economic sanctions against Russia by the United States and the European Union, the innovative direction of the economic policy of the state is of paramount importance. This is because advances in innovative technologies, more than ever, determine the dynamics of economic growth, the level of well-being of the population. Global innovation indices create an area of research in which innovative factors, including creative activity, are under constant evaluation. This assessment is a key tool for making a decision to improve the development of modern business processes and to determine strategically the priority of the development vectors in the future in order to strengthen the country’s economic position and competitiveness in the face of globalization.

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