scholarly journals PSI-7 Prevalence and distribution of Senecavirus A in United States swine feed mills

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 243-244
Author(s):  
Shannon P Ney ◽  
Vlad Petrovan ◽  
Savannah C Stewart ◽  
Shania Davis ◽  
Megan C Niederwerder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Swine Feed ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Feed Mill

Abstract There is limited information about Senecavirus A (SVA) transmission in the feed supply chain. The objective of this experiment was to determine the prevalence and distribution of SVA in U.S. swine feed mills. A total of 375 samples were collected from 11 surfaces + one feed sample collected from 11 different feed mills in 8 different states. Due to the seasonality associated with pathogenic hazards, the same locations in feed mills were swabbed in Late Fall 2016, Winter 2016/17, and Summer 2017. Surfaces were swabbed according to the Centers for Disease Control protocols for collecting environmental samples using pre-moistened environmental swabs in 5 mL of neutralizing broth. Detection of SVA was performed via RT-PCR and reported in Cycle threshold (Ct). Data were analyzed using the freq procedure of SAS, with chi-square test to determine the prevalence of SVA within season or distribution among feed mill locations. Notably, no mills were manufacturing feed for SVA-positive herds at the time of analysis. Five of 375 samples analyzed positive for SVA, with Ct ranging from 37.4 to 39.9. There was a tendency (P = 0.069) for SVA prevalence to be greater in winter than late fall or summer. There was no detected impact (P = 0.409) of SVA distribution varying across location within feed mill. A sow farm being fed by the mill with SVA on worker shoes was subsequently diagnosed with SVA after the sample as collected. These results indicate that SVA was not widespread throughout the swine feed mills analyzed in this experiment. However, we are unaware of any other studies evaluating presence in feed mills. Little is known about SVV transmission, but the clinically affected farm fed out of the mill with SVV presence suggest further investigation, as feed or feed delivery may be a route of entry into farms.

Abstract 177: Credentials of Staff Performing Echocardiography in the United States: Insights from the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W Parker ◽  
Diana Sobieraj ◽  
Mary Beth Farrell ◽  
Craig I Coleman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
National Board ◽  
Formal Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Medical Directors

Background: Little has been published on the practice of echocardiography (echo) in the United States. We used the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission-Echocardiography (IAC-Echo) applications database to describe the personnel in echo laboratories seeking accreditation. Methods: We used de-identified data provided on IAC-Echo applications to characterize facilities by hospital association, census region, annual volume, number of sites, previous accreditation, and numbers of physicians and sonographers as well as National Board of Echocardiography (NBE) testamur status of physicians and registered credential status of sonographers. We categorized Medical Directors by board certification in cardiovascular diseases, internal medicine, other specialty, or none. Medical Director echo training could be formal Level 2 or 3 or experiential by ≥3 years of practice. Frequencies, means, and medians were compared between groups using the chi-square test, t-test, or Mann Whitney test, respectively. Results: From 2011 to 2013, 1926 echo labs representing 10618 physicians and 6870 sonographers applied for IAC-Echo accreditation or re-accreditation. The majority of medical directors were board certified in cardiovascular diseases and 34.1% of medical directors and 27.2% of staff physicians held NBE testamur status; 79.5% of sonographers held registered credentials. Most echo labs were in the Northeast or South census regions, have an average of 1.75 sites, and are based outside of hospitals (Table). Compared to nonhospital echo labs, medical directors of hospital-based echo labs were more likely to be Level 3 trained (19.8% versus 30.8%, p<0.01) and be NBE testamurs (28.9% versus 45.6%, p<0.01). Markers of echo lab size, region, previous accreditation, and credentialed sonographers were associated with accreditation versus delay decisions; there was a trend toward accreditation among facilities with NBE medical directors. Conclusion: Among facilities seeking IAC-Echo accreditation, the minority of echo physicians hold NBE testamur status. Hospital and nonhospital facilities are different in the credentials of their personnel.

scholarly journals Proposed virulence-associated genes of Streptococcus suis isolates from the United States serve as predictors of pathogenicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
April A. Estrada ◽  
Marcelo Gottschalk ◽  
Aaron Rendahl ◽  
Stephanie Rossow ◽  
Lacey Marshall-Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Multiple Production ◽  
Pan Genome ◽  
Protein Factor

Abstract Background There is limited information on the distribution of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) in U.S. Streptococcus suis isolates, resulting in little understanding of the pathogenic potential of these isolates. This lack also reduces our understanding of the epidemiology associated with S. suis in the United States and thus affects the efficiency of control and prevention strategies. In this study we applied whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based approaches for the characterization of S. suis and identification of VAGs. Results Of 208 S. suis isolates classified as pathogenic, possibly opportunistic, and commensal pathotypes, the genotype based on the classical VAGs (epf, mrp, and sly encoding the extracellular protein factor, muramidase-release protein, and suilysin, respectively) was identified in 9% (epf+/mrp+/sly+) of the pathogenic pathotype. Using the chi-square test and LASSO regression model, the VAGs ofs (encoding the serum opacity factor) and srtF (encoding sortase F) were selected out of 71 published VAGs as having a significant association with pathotype, and both genes were found in 95% of the pathogenic pathotype. The ofs+/srtF+ genotype was also present in 74% of ‘pathogenic’ isolates from a separate validation set of isolates. Pan-genome clustering resulted in the differentiation of a group of isolates from five swine production companies into clusters corresponding to clonal complex (CC) and virulence-associated (VA) genotypes. The same CC-VA genotype patterns were identified in multiple production companies, suggesting a lack of association between production company, CC, or VA genotype. Conclusions The proposed ofs and srtF genes were stronger predictors for differentiating pathogenic and commensal S. suis isolates compared to the classical VAGs in two sets of U.S. isolates. Pan-genome analysis in combination with metadata (serotype, ST/CC, VA genotype) was illustrated to be a valuable subtyping tool to describe the genetic diversity of S. suis.

scholarly journals NASOPHARYNGEAL SPECIMEN COLLECTION FROM SUSPECTED COVID-19 CASES, MAKING THE PROCEDURE SAFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽  
pp. S432-36
Author(s):  
Sohail Aslam ◽  
Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir Bukhari ◽  
Adnan Asghar ◽  
Naeem Riaz ◽  
Iftekhar Yousaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To comparison was made between standard (control group) nasopharyngeal sample collection technique for RTPCR and modified technique and the outcome was compared in terms of the proportion of positive results of Rt-PCR tests. Study Design: Double blinded randomized clinical trial. Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital Karachi Pakistan, from June and July 2020. Methodology: This study was a newly developed modified technique for nasopharyngeal sampling for RT-PCR tests of COVID-19 suspects. Target population included all patients who developed COVID-19 related symptoms and/or also had history of recent travel or closed contact with Covid-19 patients. Total 1500 nasopharyngeal PCR tests were done by a team of trained technicians. Systemetic probability sampling technique was utilized. Subjects were divided into two groups by using even and odd serial numbers. Proportion of positive test results were compared between two groups by using chi square test. Results: Results were collected for 3000 nasopharyngeal swab sample for RT-PCR testing. Mean age was 31.68 ± 11.89 years. In study group with modified technique, 470 tests were found positive for a total of 1500 samples while only 297 out of 1500 samples were detected positive in control group with standard technique. Chi square test applied to assess the difference between this proportion and it proved that the difference was highly statistically significant (p-value <0.00). Conclusion: we interpret that modified samples collection technique is relatively safe for sample collector of Covid-19 PCR which has got potential benefits to get more genuine results of these......

scholarly journals Headache associated with COVID-19: Frequency, characteristics and association with anosmia and ageusia

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (13) ◽  
pp. 1443-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Augusto Sampaio Rocha-Filho ◽  
João Eudes Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objectives To assess the frequency and characteristics of headache in patients with COVID-19 and whether there is an association between headache and anosmia and ageusia. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, were assessed by neurologists. Results Seventy-three patients were included in the study, 63% were male; the median age was 58 years (IQR: 47–66). Forty-seven patients (64.4%) reported headaches, which had most frequently begun on the first day of symptoms, were bilateral (94%), presenting severe intensity (53%) and a migraine phenotype (51%). Twelve patients (16.4%) presented with headache triggered by coughing. Eleven (15%) patients reported a continuous headache. Twenty-eight patients (38.4%) presented with anosmia and 29 (39.7%) with ageusia. Patients who reported hyposmia/anosmia and/or hypogeusia/ageusia experienced headache more frequently than those without these symptoms (OR: 5.39; 95% CI:1.66–17.45; logistic regression). Patients with anosmia and ageusia presented headache associated with phonophobia more often compared to those with headache without these complaints (Chi-square test; p < 0.05). Headache associated with COVID-19 presented a migraine phenotype more frequently in those experiencing previous migraine ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Headaches associated with COVID-19 are frequent, are generally severe, diffuse, present a migraine phenotype and are associated with anosmia and ageusia.

Voices of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Parents: The Case of Korean-American Parents

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Sook Koh ◽  
Sunwoo Shin ◽  
Kay C. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Korean Immigrant ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Parent Questionnaire ◽  
Korean Parents ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Children's Schooling

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate attitudes and perspectives of Korean immigrant parents in rearing and educating their children in the United States. One hundred nineteen Korean parents from three cities in the United States were surveyed using the Korean Parent Questionnaire. The responses of the questionnaire were analyzed using Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and content analysis. Major findings of this study were (1) Korean parents’ limited English skills prevented them from communicating effectively with their children’s school personnel or getting actively involved in their children’s schooling, (2) the parents believe that rearing a child in America had its benefits, and (3) the parents spoke only Korean in the home and did not become immersed in the American culture.

Effect of time to treatment and comprehensive care at commission on cancer-accredited practices on survival in rural patients with colorectal cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
Suneel Deepak Kamath ◽  
Katherine Tullio ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Gregory S. Cooper ◽  
Alok A. Khorana
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Time To First Treatment ◽  
Rural Patients

109 Background: Rural cancer care in the United States has unique challenges from variable access to care. This study examined differences in time to first treatment (TTT), a surrogate for access, and predictors of overall survival (OS) between rural and non-rural colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: Patients with stage I-III CRC from 2004-2012 in the National Cancer Database of Commission on Cancer (CoC)-accredited facilities were included and categorized into rural and non-rural groups. Differences in demographic, disease characteristics, socioeconomic (SE) factors and TTT (< 4 weeks, 4-8 weeks and > 8 weeks) between rural and non-rural patients were assessed by Chi-square test. The effect of demographics, SE factors, and TTT on OS were assessed using Cox models. Results: The study population comprised 605,913, 11,649 (2%) of whom were rural. Compared to non-rural patients, rural patients were more likely to be age > 65, male, Caucasian, receive care at non-academic centers, have government insurance, have lower income and less education (p<0.0001 for all). Significant demographic and SE differences are shown in Table. Rural patients had similar mean TTT compared to non-rural patients (2.76 vs. 2.84 weeks, p = 0.35). Slightly more rural patients had TTT < 4 weeks (77% vs. 75%, p <0.0001). Shorter TTT (both <4 weeks vs. 8 weeks and 4-8 weeks vs. > 8 weeks) was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.85-0.89, p<0.0001 and HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.73-0.76, p<0.0001, respectively). After adjusting for demographic, disease and SE factors, rural status was associated with modestly better OS compared to non-rural status (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, p=0.006). Conclusions: Despite several adverse demographic and socioeconomic factors, rural CRC patients had modestly better OS compared to non-rural patients. Rural and non-rural CRC patients had similar TTT in this cohort. These data suggest the comprehensive cancer care delivered by CoC-accredited practices is associated with rapid TTT and improved OS in rural CRC patients. It is unclear whether our data apply to non-CoC-accredited facilities in rural United States. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Assessing the effectiveness of Chagas disease education for healthcare providers in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Stigler Granados ◽  
Gerardo J. Pacheco ◽  
Evangelina Núñez Patlán ◽  
Jose Betancourt ◽  
Lawrence Fulton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background Chagas disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which affects an estimated 8–11 million people globally. Chagas disease is almost always associated with poverty in rural areas and disproportionately impacts immigrants from Latin America living in the United States. Approximately 20–30% of people who are infected with Chagas disease will develop a chronic form of the infection that can be fatal if left untreated. Chagas disease is vastly underestimated in the United States, often goes undiagnosed and is not well understood by most U.S. healthcare providers. One of the most important ways at reducing barriers to improving diagnostics of Chagas disease in the U.S. is giving healthcare providers the most up-to-date information and access to leading experts. Methods An online webinar was conducted for healthcare providers, veterinarians and public health professionals using Chagas disease expert panelists. Pre and post tests were administered to participants (n = 57) to determine the efficacy in raising awareness and to determine key focus areas for improving knowledge. A Wilcoxon rank-sum was used for non-parametric variables equivalent and for questions that assessed knowledge the McNemar’s Chi-Square test was used. Results There were statistically significant learning increases in multiple categories including transmission (p = <.001), clinical presentation (p = 0.016), diagnostics (p = <.001), and treatment (p = <.001). Conclusion Providing easily accessible learning opportunities using validated testing and evaluations should be further developed for rural healthcare providers in the U.S. as well as healthcare providers serving under represented populations such as immigrants. There is a clear lack of knowledge and awareness surrounding Chagas disease in the United States and just by raising awareness and providing education on the topic, lives will be saved.

scholarly journals Adverse events following the first dose of Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccination among health workers in selected districts of central and western Nepal: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260638
Author(s):  
Prativa Subedi ◽  
Gopal Kumar Yadav ◽  
Binod Paudel ◽  
Anu Regmi ◽  
Prajjwal Pyakurel
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Introduction The study aimed at exploring the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and their incidences among health workers in three different districts of central and western Nepal following the first dose of Covishield vaccine,. It also aimed at studying the association of AEFI with demographic and clinical characteristics of vaccinees, pre-vaccination anxiety level and prior history of COVID-19 infection (RT- PCR confirmed) status. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out via face-to-face or telephonic interview among 1006 health workers one week after receiving their first dose of the Covishield vaccine. Incidence of adverse events was calculated in percentage while Chi-square Test was used to check the association of AEFI with independent variables. Logistic regression was used to find out the adjusted odd’s ratio at 95% CI. Results Incidence of AEFI was 79.8% with local and systemic AEFI being 68.0% and 59.7% respectively. Injection site tenderness was the commonest manifestation. Local and systemic symptoms resolved in less than one week among 96.8% and 98.7% vaccinees respectively. Females were more likely to develop AEFI than males (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2–2.4). Vaccinees aged 45–59 years were 50% less likely to develop AEFI as compared to those aged less than 30 years (AOR 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.8). Most of the vaccinees had not undergone RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 (59.8%). Those who were not tested for COVID-19 prior were 1.5 odds more likely to develop AEFI compared to those who were negative (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1). Conclusion More than two-third of the vaccinees developed one or more forms of adverse events, but most events were self-limiting. Females and young adults were more prone to develop AEFI.

scholarly journals A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Three Risk Tolerance Measures: Turkey and the United States Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ruiz-Menjivar ◽  
Amanda Blanco ◽  
Zeynep Copur ◽  
Michael S. Gutter ◽  
Martie Gillen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Financial Risk Tolerance

An individual’s attitude toward financial risk tolerance (FRT) is an important preference that influences financial decision-making under uncertainty. FRT involves inter-temporal resource allocation. Accurate and reliable measures of FRT are essential for professionals advising consumers as well as researchers who are trying to predict, and understand consumer behavior. This study explores cross-cultural risk tolerance by comparing random samples from Turkey, and the United States. Similar and distinctive attitudes and patterns regarding FRT are identified. Three subjective measures of FRT are employed in this study: Grable and Lytton (1999), Hanna, Gutter and Fan’s (2001) improved version of Barsky, Juster, Kimball and Shapiro (1997), and the Survey of Consumer Finance’s item on risk tolerance. Data was collected via an online survey that used the above-mentioned FRT measures. There were two versions: the original American English version, and a culturally translated Turkish version. To explore the correlation of FRT among measures, we use bivariate analysis by individually employing Pearson Chi-square test of independence, and cross tabulations analysis to each sample. In addition, by pooling both samples, we conduct cumulative logistic regression. We delineate FRT differences and consistencies between countries across subjective financial risk tolerance measures.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness of Chagas Disease Education for Healthcare Providers in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Stigler Granados ◽  
Gerardo J Pacheco ◽  
Evangelina Núñez Patlán ◽  
Jose Betancourt ◽  
Lawrence Fulton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background Chagas disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the parasite Trypanasoma cruzi, which affects an estimated 8–11 million people globally. Chagas disease is almost always associated with poverty in rural areas and disproportionately impacts immigrants from Latin America living in the United States. Approximately 20–30% of people who are infected with Chagas disease will develop a chronic form of the infection that can be fatal if left untreated. Chagas disease is vastly underestimated in the United States, often goes undiagnosed and is not well understood by most U.S. healthcare providers. One of the most important ways at reducing barriers to improving diagnostics of Chagas disease in the U.S. is giving healthcare providers the most up-to-date information and access to leading experts. Methods An online webinar was conducted for healthcare providers, veterinarians and public health professionals using Chagas disease expert panelists. Pre and post tests were administered to participants (n = 57) to determine the efficacy in raising awareness and to determine key focus areas for improving knowledge. A Wilcoxon rank-sum was used for non-parametric variables equivalent and for questions that assessed knowledge the McNemar’s Chi-Square test was used. Results There were statistically significant learning increases in multiple categories including transmission (p = < .001), clinical presentation (p = 0.016), diagnostics (p = < .001), and treatment (p = < .001). Conclusion Providing easily accessible learning opportunities using validated testing and evaluations should be further developed for rural healthcare providers in the U.S. as well as healthcare providers serving under represented populations such as immigrants. There is a clear lack of knowledge and awareness surrounding Chagas disease in the United States and just by raising awareness and providing education on the topic, lives will be saved.

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