scholarly journals 166 The effect of late lactation and pre-breeding nutrition on reproductive outcomes in an accelerated lambing system

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 173-173
Author(s):  
Richard A Ehrhardt ◽  
Jordan Moody ◽  
Barbara Makela ◽  
Veiga-Lopez Almudena
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Embryonic Loss

Abstract Productivity and seasonal constraints in lamb production can be overcome with accelerated systems. Accelerated adoption, however, has been limited by seasonal constraints in reproduction. Preliminary data suggest that periconceptional nutrition affects reproduction in the sub-optimal, long day breeding season. To evaluate this, we randomly assigned prolific, multiparous, Polypay x Dorset ewes at mid-lactation to nutritional treatments (5) over 2 periods: last 30 days of lactation (LACT) followed by the flushing period (FLUSH) consisting of the 21-day pre-breeding and the 34-day breeding period (total 55 days). During LACT, ewes were fed 100% (C), 70% (Low), or 150% (High) of late lactation energy requirements according to lamb rearing status (single or multiple). At FLUSH, Low or High ewes were fed either 70% (Low) or 150% (High) of energy requirements for maintenance (C ewes fed at 100% maintenance during FLUSH). This design was repeated over two seasons: optimal (SHORT day, n = 117) and suboptimal (LONG day, n = 108) breeding periods at 42.73°N and 84.5°W. Ewes were exposed to Dorset rams in 5 pens at 4–5% rotated every 12h. Reproductive outcomes were examined by ultrasound (transabdominal for litter size and conception rate; transrectal for early pregnancy loss). GLM analysis revealed changes in bodyweight and body condition score (BCS) consistent between seasons (Table 1). Regardless of dietary treatment, litter size was higher in SHORT (P < 0.05), while embryonic loss tended to be higher in LONG season (P = 0.08). Within season, treatment had no effect on reproductive outcomes, however prolonged undernutrition (Low-Low) reduced conception rate in LONG vs. SHORT season (100 vs.78%; P < 0.05). These results indicate that 1) high conception rates in LONG are attainable with natural mating and 2) chronic undernutrition hampers conception during long day periods. Finally, traditional flushing protocols are inadequate to invoke an optimal ovulation response regardless of season in accelerated systems.

scholarly journals Effects of parity and body condition score (BCS) on oestrus expressions and post breeding reproductive performance of Katjang crossbred goat

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Intan Sofienaz Ahmad Fuad ◽  
Khairiyah Mat ◽  
Nor Dini Rusli ◽  
Hasnita Che Harun
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Embryonic Loss

This experiment goal was to identify the effect of parity and body condition score (BCS) on oestrusexpressions (OE), post breeding reproductive performance (PBRP) of Katjang crossbred andchanges of progesterone (P4) concentration. Twenty-four does were treated with 14 dayssynchronisation followed by visual observation of oestrus expressions (standing heat (SH),mounted by other buck but not standing (MBNS), vocalization (VC), tail swaging (TW), andsniffing of the genital of other buck (SGB)) and blood sampling twice daily up to 72 hours followingControl Internal Drug Release (CIDR) removal. PBRP data was recorded for evaluation whichincluded pregnancy rate (PR), abortion rate (AR), mortality rate (MR), litter size (LS), litter birthweight (LBW) and gestation length (GL). Result revealed that there was no significant effect(P>0.05) of parity and BCS on OE, PBRP and progesterone concentration except for birth weightwhich had been affected by parity. Based on observation of OE of SH, it was found that accuracyof pregnancy prediction was up to 50%. Analysis of OE established reliability of OE in wassequence from SH>SGB>TW>MBNS>VC and onset of oestrus began approximately 33h post toCIDR removal. Analysis of PBRP shown parity?2 had heavier birth weight in single litter size thanparity?3 which was associated with no MR. Progesterone concentration indicated all of the doeswere on oestrus and highly susceptible as early as 48 h post to CIDR removal. In conclusion, thisstudy demonstrated that both non-genetic factors; parity and BCS are very poor in determining theeffect of OE, PBRP and P4 concentration due to limitation of sample size and greater influences ofexternal factors such as weather, extreme environmental condition and farm management. It isrecommended to improve program in future by focusing on enhancing the fertilization rate andreducing embryonic loss for optimum conception rate.

scholarly journals Ewe Wastage in New Zealand Commercial Flocks: Extent, Timing, Association with Hogget Reproductive Outcomes and BCS

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Kate J. Flay ◽  
Anne L. Ridler ◽  
Chris W. R. Compton ◽  
Paul R. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Interval Censored ◽  
Mortality Incidence ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
On Farm

Ewe wastage is the combination of on-farm mortality and premature culling. Internationally, there is limited research on actual wastage incidence and causes in commercial sheep flocks. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that reports both lifetime wastage and detailed annual wastage in a sample of commercial New Zealand flocks. This study utilized data collected from 13,142 ewes from four cohorts on three commercial New Zealand farms (Farm A 2010-born, Farm A 2011-born, Farm B, Farm C), during the period 2011–2017, as they aged from replacement hoggets to 6-year-old ewes (Farm A and Farm B) or 3-year-old ewes (Farm C). Data collection visits occurred at three or four key management times each year, namely pre-mating, pregnancy diagnosis, pre-lambing and weaning. At each visit, body condition score (BCS) was assessed and any ewes that were culled or had died on farm were recorded. As this was a lifetime study, each ewe was assigned an outcome and corresponding ‘exit age’. By the end of the study, all ewes that had exited their respective flocks, were classified as either prematurely culled, or dead/missing, or if still in the flock, as censored, and either the exact date or interval in which they exited the flock was recorded. Semi-parametric competing risk (premature culling vs. dead/missing), interval-censored survival models were developed to: 1. describe the association between hogget reproductive outcomes and risk of subsequent wastage, and 2. assess pre-mating BCS as a predictor of wastage in that production year. Of the 13,142 enrolled ewes, 50.4% exited their respective flocks due to premature culling and 40.0% due to on-farm dead/missing, giving a total of 90.4% that exited due to wastage. Annual mortality incidence ranged from 3.5 to 40.2%. As a hogget, wastage incidence ranged from 7.6 to 45.4%. Pregnancy or rearing a lamb as a hogget did not increase risk of subsequent wastage. In all years, pre-mating BCS was a predictor of ewe wastage, with odds of wastage lower with increasing BCS. Therefore, farmers should focus on improving pre-mating BCS to 3.5/5.0 by assessing ewe BCS at weaning, allowing poorer-BCS ewes to be managed to gain BCS before re-breeding.

Protein supplementation of silage for ewes in late pregnancy

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
J.E. Vipond ◽  
M. Lewis ◽  
G.M. Povey
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Uk

Ewes fed good quality grass silage need low levels (0.4-0.6 kg/d) of concentrate supplement to satisfy energy requirements in late pregnancy. However, the UK Metabolisable Protein (MP) system predicts that using a low level of a typical 180 g/kg crude protein (CP) compound will result in an undersupply of MP and therefore a higher digestible undegradable protein (DUP) content of compounds is required. Although the benefits of supplying additional DUP to lactating ewes are well established there is little or no experimental evidence to support the practice of supplementing silage based diets with supplementary DUP. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the response to supplementary DUP in silage based diets.One hundred and twenty five scanned Scotch Mule ewes were synchronised, mated to Texel rams and allocated to 5 treatments balanced for liveweight, condition score, litter size, and parity. Five supplements were formulated to supply varying amounts of DUP and eRDP.

scholarly journals Energy Requirement and Food Intake Behaviour in Young Adult Intact Male Cats with and without Predisposition to Overweight

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Wichert ◽  
Julia Trossen ◽  
Daniel Uebelhart ◽  
Marcel Wanner ◽  
Sonja Hartnack
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Feeding Station ◽  
Condition Score

Obesity is a common problem in cats. In the experimental cat family of the institute of animal nutrition besides a “normal” lean phenotype, cats with predisposition to an overweight phenotype are present. To investigate energy requirements and food intake behaviour of intact male cats of different phenotypes, six “normal” lean cats (GL) and six cats disposed to overweight (GO) were used. At the beginning of the experiment, all cats had an ideal body condition score of 5. To reach this the GO cats had to pass a weight-loss program. Energy requirements of the cats were determined using respiration chambers, whereas the amount and frequency of food intake was measured with a feeding station recording the data automatically. Energy requirement at weight constancy of the GO cats was even on fat-free mass (FFM) significantly (P=0.02) lower (162.6 kJ/kg FFM/d) than that of the “normal” lean cats (246 kJ/kg FFM/d). The GO cats also showed a higher food intake34.5±1.5 g dry matter/kg body weight0.67compared to the GL cats (24.0±2.1 g dry matter/kg body weight0.67)(P=0.001). In conclusion quantifiable differences in food intake and behaviour in cats predisposed to overweight compared to “normal” lean cats were found.

10 TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROTOCOLS TO SYNCHRONIZATION OF OVULATION IN BOS TAURUS TAURUS SUCKLING BEEF COWS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
G. A. Pessoa ◽  
A. P. Martini ◽  
J. M. Trentin ◽  
D. R. Dotto ◽  
H. L. D. Neri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
South Of Brazil

The aim of this study was to compare 3 methods for synchronization of ovulation in anestrous beef cows. The hypothesis of this study was to determine whether low doses of hCG has superior efficacy to cypionate to induce ovulation in anestrous cows and provide higher pregnancy rate in oestrus-synchronization programs. Synchronization of ovulation and conception rate to timed AI (TAI) were evaluated in anestrus Bos taurus taurus suckling beef cows 45 ± 15 days postpartum and with body condition score of 2.9 (1 to 5) maintained in a native pastured system in the south of Brazil. Females were evaluated with ultrasound on the Day 0 (D0) of the protocol (Day 0), day 8 (D8), immediately before TAI (D10), and 7 days after TAI (Day 17). All cows were synchronized with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (IPRD; 0.75 g of progesterone, Prociclar®, Hertape Calier Animal Health, Juatuba, Brazil) and 2 mg IM of oestradiol benzoate (EB; Benzoato HC®) on D0. On Day 8, the IPRD was removed and 150 μg of D (+) cloprostenol (Veteglan Luteolytic®), and 25 IU IM FSH/LH (Pluset®) were administered. Females of the EC (n = 84) group received 1 mg IM of oestradiol cypionate (EC; Cipionato HC®). Females on D8 of the hCG (n = 81) group received 500 IU IM of hCG (Vetecor®, Hertape Calier) at the time of TAI. The females of the EC + hCG group (n = 83) received both treatments. All cows were submitted to TAI 54 h after withdrawal of IPRD. A part of the cows (n = 102) had the ovulation evaluated every 12 h from the withdrawal of IPRD [EC (n = 34), hCG (n = 34), and hCG + EC (n = 33)]. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS PROC GLIMMIX. The dominant follicle diameter (FD) on Day 8 (8.7 ± 0.2, 8.8 ± 0.2, 8.6 ± 0.2) did not differ between treatments EC, EC + hCG, or hCG (P = 0.79). However, the FD on D10 was higher (P = 0.001) for cows treated with hCG (12.9 ± 0.3) compared with cows from the EC (11.3 ± 0.2) or EC + hCG group (11.8 ± 0.2). The interval (h) between the withdrawal of IPRD and ovulation was lower (P = 0.01) for the hCG group, (71.2 ± 1.7) compared with the groups treated with EC or EC + hCG (76.6 ± 2.18 and 74.2 ± 1.65), respectively. The ovulation rate did not differ (P = 0.61) among the EC (85.2%, 29/34), hCG (91.1%, 31/34), or EC + hCG groups (90.9%, 30/33). Corpus luteum diameter (mm) was higher (P = 0.04) on D17 for the hCG-treated group (21.4 ± 0.3) compared with others treatments (EC = 19.1 ± 0.8 or EC + hCG = 20.4 ± 0.8). However, the plasma progesterone levels on D17 were EC = 2.0 ± 0.1, hCG = 2.4 ± 0.1, and EC + hCG = 2.3 ± 0.1 ng mL–1 (P = 0.19), and the conception rate on the 28th day after TAI (EC = 43.0%; hCG = 47.0%, and EC + hCG = 48.8%; P = 0.76) was also similar. The hCG determined smallest ovulation interval, but similar rates of pregnancy were observed with both treatments.

scholarly journals Body Condition Score and Milk Production on Conception Rate of Cows under a Small-Scale Dairy System

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Luis Javier Montiel-Olguín ◽  
Felipe J. Ruiz-López ◽  
Miguel Mellado ◽  
Eliab Estrada-Cortés ◽  
Sergio Gómez-Rosales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

Management and production characteristics impact conception rate to first service (CR1S) in small-scale dairy farms, but the impact of body condition score (BCS) and milk production levels on cows’ fertility is unknown. Our objective is to determine the effect of BCS and milk production on CR1S in small-scale dairy farms of western Mexico. Logistic regression models are used to determine the effect of BCS (at calving and first service), 60-d and 305-d milk production, protein and fat production, lactation number, and days at first service on CR1S. BCS at calving does not affect CR1S in cows with three or more lactations (39.5%; p > 0.1). However, first-lactation cows with BCS < 3.0 at calving and second lactation cows with BCS ≤ 2.5 at calving have higher CR1S (63.2 and 67.9%, respectively; p < 0.1). This result is perhaps due to reduced milk production, which leads to lower metabolic stress. BCS ≤ 2.5 at calving is associated (p < 0.05) with a reduced milk yield, explaining partially the observed higher CR1S in these groups. Cows with BCS ≤ 2.5 at first service in the higher quartile of 60-d milk production (≥ 28kg/day) show lower CR1S (23.9 and 51.1%, respectively; p < 0.01). In conclusion, BCS at calving and at first service, 60-d milk production, and lactation number are factors associated with CR1S.

Variation in the Seasonal Oestrus Period in Three Breeds of Greek Sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
A. Vosniakou ◽  
P. Tsakalof ◽  
J.M. Doney
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Intermediate Activity ◽  
Natural Mating

The preferred mating period in Greece is spring and early summer. Conception rate to natural mating at the end of one oestrus period or early in the next is low, leading to a lengthy lambing period. Some 10% of flocks are synchronised during this period by a standard progestagen/PMSG treatment. There is considerable variation in ovulation rate, conception rate and litter size which could be related to within-flock variation in oestrous activity.Fourteen adult ewes from each of three breeds -Chios, Karagouniko and Serres - were maintained as a single flock at Diavata (latitude 40.5°N), without mating, from the end of the milking period in September. From the following April, oestrous activity was checked daily by vasectomised ram for 18 months. Live weight was maintained approximately constant at 59, 54 and 54 kg, respectively, for Chios, Karagouniko and Serres. Plasma progesterone was measured 10 days after detected oestrus and after 28 days when there was no intermediate activity. A silent oestrus in the breeding period was counted as oestrus but when it occurred prior to the first or after the last detected oestrus, it was not used to determine the breeding period.

scholarly journals Maternal nutrition in early-mid gestation and placental size in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Clarke ◽  
Lindsay Heasman ◽  
Darren T. Juniper ◽  
Michael E. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Condition Score

We investigated the influence of restricted maternal nutrition between 30 and 80 d gestation on placental growth. Singleton-bearing ewes were fed on either 0.6 (i.e. nutrient restricted) times their energy requirements or 2.25 times this amount (i.e. controls) up to 80 d gestation, when their placentas and fetuses were sampled and analysed. Nutrient-restricted ewes lost body condition score but not body weight and had lower plasma thyroid hormone concentrations than controls, but there were no differences in plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids or 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations between groups. There was no effect of maternal nutrient restriction on fetal weight, conformation or organ weights with the exception of brain weight which was lower in nutrient-restricted ewes. Nutrient restriction had no effect on total placental weight, or proportion of inverted placentomes, but was associated with an increased abundance of small placentomes and decreased weight of the fetal but not maternal components of the placenta. Fetal cotyledons from nutrient-restricted ewes also had a lower DNA but higher haemoglobin concentration than those sampled from controls. The plasma concentration of triiodothyronine in umbilical cord plasma was also increased in fetuses from nutrient-restricted ewes. In conclusion, maternal nutrient restriction during early-mid gestation is associated with a smaller placenta.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Conception Rate in AI Bred Cattle under Field Conditions of Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
VV Potdar ◽  
Sachin Joshi ◽  
Marimuthu Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sequence Number ◽  
Indigenous Breed ◽  
Condition Score

Data on 98336 artificial inseminations (AI) performed during 6 years (January 2010 to November 2015) on 56037 field animals owned by 29097 farmers’ from 44 cattle development centres spread across two districts of Maharashtra state were collected and analyzed. Whole data set was classified according to districts (Beed, Jalgaon), economic status of farmers (APL, BPL), animal breed (HF cross, Indigenous, Jersey cross, Non-descript), parity of animal (heifer, first, second, third, fourth, fifth calvers), animal body condition score (no rib exposed, one rib exposed, two ribs exposed, three ribs exposed), heat stage (early, mid, late), season of AI (rainy-June to September, winter-October to January, summer-February to May), bull breed used for AI ( HF, HF crossbreed, Jersey, Jersey crossbreed, Indigenous), AI sequence number (1,2,3) and AI Year (2010 to 2015). Least square analysis was used to compute conception rate. The results revealed overall mean conception rate as 46.2 ± 0.51% and it was significantly (p les than 0.01) higher in Beed district, Jersey crossbreed animals, animals having fourth parity, animals exhibiting one rib exposed, early heat and animals inseminated with Indigenous breed bulls semen, first AI sequence number and during the year 2015 compared with respective groups of parameters under study. However, effect of season of AI and economic condition of farmers did not affect conception rate in animals under field conditions of Maharashtra.

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