scholarly journals Fentanyl, Acetylfentanyl, and Carfentanil in Impaired Driving Cases: A Review of 270 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kiely ◽  
Matthew Juhascik
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Impaired Driving ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fentanyl Analogs ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Overdose Deaths

Abstract The detection of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs has been widely communicated throughout the scientific community. While most of the reporting has been in relation to overdose deaths, these drugs are commonly detected in impaired driving cases. A retrospective study of impaired driving cases analyzed between 2017 and 2019 produced 270 cases positive for fentanyl, carfentanil, and/or acetylfentanyl. Fentanyl was the predominant drug found in these 270 cases (65.5%) with concentrations ranging from less than 1.0 ng/mL to 64 ng/mL. Carfentanil was found alone in 6.6% cases with three concentrations above 1.0 ng/mL. Acetylfentanyl was always found when fentanyl was positive with concentrations ranging from less than 1.0 ng/mL to 9.2 ng/mL. Detailed case histories are provided with corresponding toxicology results. Toxicology results show impaired drivers using multiple drugs with a wide range of observed behaviors. The inclusion of these drugs in routine impaired driver toxicology testing is extremely important when attempting to determine their overall prevalence.

Heterocycle Compounds with Antimicrobial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fesatidou ◽  
Anthi Petrou ◽  
Geronikaki Athina
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms

Background: Bacterial infections are a growing problem worldwide causing morbidity and mortality mainly in developing countries. Moreover, the increased number of microorganisms, developing multiple resistances to known drugs, due to abuse of antibiotics, is another serious problem. This problem becomes more serious for immunocompromised patients and those who are often disposed to opportunistic fungal infections. Objective: The objective of this manuscript is to give an overview of new findings in the field of antimicrobial agents among five-membered heterocyclic compounds. These heterocyclic compounds especially five-membered attracted the interest of the scientific community not only for their occurrence in nature but also due to their wide range of biological activities. Method: To reach our goal, a literature survey that covers the last decade was performed. Results: As a result, recent data on the biological activity of thiazole, thiazolidinone, benzothiazole and thiadiazole derivatives are mentioned. Conclusion: It should be mentioned that despite the progress in the development of new antimicrobial agents, there is still room for new findings. Thus, research still continues.

A Comprehensive Review on C-3 Functionalization of β-Lactams

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Nagpal ◽  
Jitender Bhalla ◽  
Shamsher S. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Organometallic Reagent ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Synthetic Utility ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Equivalent Method ◽  
Made In

Background:A lot of advancement has been made in the area of β-lactams in recent times. Most of the research is targeted towards the synthesis of novel β-lactams, their functionalization and exploring their biological potential. The C-3 functionalization of β-lactams has continued to attract considerable interest of the scientific community due to their utility as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis and their therapeutic applications. This has led to the significant increase in efforts towards developing efficient and economic strategies for C-3 functionalized β-lactams.Objective:The present review aims to highlight recent advancement made in C-3 functionalization of β-lactams.Conclusion:To summarize, functionalization of β-lactams at C-3 is an essential aspect of β-lactam chemistry in order to improve/modify its synthetic utility as well as biological potential. The C-3 carbocation equivalent method has emerged as an important and convenient strategy for C-3 functionalization of β-lactam heterocycles which provides a wide range of β-lactams viz. 3-alkylated β-lactams, 3-aryl/heteroarylated β-lactams, 3- alkoxylated β-lactams. On the other hand, base mediated functionalization of β-lactams via carbanion intermediate is another useful approach but their scope is limited by the requirement of stringent reaction conditions. In addition to this, organometallic reagent mediated α-alkylation of 3-halo/3-keto-β-lactams also emerged as interesting methods for the synthesis of functionalized β-lactams having good yields and diastereoselectivities.

Explanation Beyond Causation

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Causal Information ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Wide Range

Explanations are very important to us in many contexts: in science, mathematics, philosophy, and also in everyday and juridical contexts. But what is an explanation? In the philosophical study of explanation, there is long-standing, influential tradition that links explanation intimately to causation: we often explain by providing accurate information about the causes of the phenomenon to be explained. Such causal accounts have been the received view of the nature of explanation, particularly in philosophy of science, since the 1980s. However, philosophers have recently begun to break with this causal tradition by shifting their focus to kinds of explanation that do not turn on causal information. The increasing recognition of the importance of such non-causal explanations in the sciences and elsewhere raises pressing questions for philosophers of explanation. What is the nature of non-causal explanations—and which theory best captures it? How do non-causal explanations relate to causal ones? How are non-causal explanations in the sciences related to those in mathematics and metaphysics? This volume of new essays explores answers to these and other questions at the heart of contemporary philosophy of explanation. The essays address these questions from a variety of perspectives, including general accounts of non-causal and causal explanations, as well as a wide range of detailed case studies of non-causal explanations from the sciences, mathematics and metaphysics.

Hippocrates and Early Greek Medicine

2018 ◽  
pp. 214-232
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Craik
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Writing ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Hippocratic Corpus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Medical Writers

The chapter surveys early Greek medicine, primarily the works attributed to Hippocrates, but also evidence for other medical writing, such as that in the Anonymus Londinensis papyrus, and in the fragments of the pre-Socratics. It is noted that the fragments of Alcmaeon indicate experience in dissection of animals, that Diogenes of Apollonia gives a detailed account of the vascular system, and that Plato has an extensive biomedical section in Timaeus. In general, early medical writers show concern with the relation of microcosm to macrocosm and of human life to the universe; also, with opposing principles (hot and cold, wet and dry, thick and thin, rare and dense) such that health is commonly seen in terms of bodily balance and avoidance of excess. The seventy or so works of the Hippocratic corpus cover a wide range of subjects, notably prognostic signs, surgery, gynecology, case histories and aphoristics lore.

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913): evolution and medicine

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-216
Author(s):  
Henry P O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Linnean Society ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolution And Medicine

The theory we now know simply as ‘evolution’ was first presented to the scientific world one and a half centuries ago, on 1 July 1858, when the work of two men, Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Robert Darwin (1809–82), was jointly read at the Linnean Society. While Charles Darwin has rightly taken his place in history as one of the greatest scientists of all time, Alfred Russel Wallace has been largely forgotten outside of the scientific community. However, Wallace was a prolific researcher and writer with interests in a wide range of topics, from medicine to economics.

A descriptive study of juvenile delinquents

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Barnes ◽  
Noel O'Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Assessment Centre ◽  
High Degree

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to describe the social, physical, intellectual and psychological characteristics of juvenile delinquents in Dublin.Method: One hundred consecutive admissions to the St. Michael's Assessment Centre between March 1,1989 and May 31, 1991 were studied. Information was gathered on a wide range of personal, family and social aspects of the delinquents' lives, together with data on their physical, intellectual and psychological profiles.Results: The majority of subjects came from deprived social and economic backgrounds. 62% of the delinquents were below the 50th percentile for height while 21% were classified as mentally handicapped. The most common psychiatric diagnoses were socialised conduct disorder and mixed disorder of conduct and emotions. Depressive symptoms were endorsed by 12% of the boys and this subgroup tended to engage in more serious offences.Conclusions: This retrospective study demonstrates the high degree of social, physical, intellectual and psychological disadvantage experienced by Dublin juvenile delinquents and underscores the need for further prospective studies in this poorly understood section of our society.

A Clinicopathological Review of Adnexal Masses in a Tertiary Care Centre of Rural Haryana - A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 2719-2723
Author(s):  
Shivani Khandelwal ◽  
Lakra Pinkey ◽  
Sangwan Vijayata ◽  
Mahendru Rajiv ◽  
Siwach Sunita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Serous Cystadenoma ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Adnexal Masses ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies

BACKGROUND There is a wide range of adnexal masses ranging from functional cyst to infection and even malignancy. Epithelial ovarian tumours are the most common benign ovarian lesion. The purpose of this study was to study the pattern of adnexal masses in rural area and plan the preventive steps according to the pattern. METHODS It was a retrospective study of patients who presented with adnexal masses in Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College (Women), Khanpur, Sonepat, Haryana, India over a period of 5.5 years from September 2012 to August 2018. The file records of the patients who underwent surgery for adnexal masse were evaluated to identify the risk factors, presenting complaints, examination findings, serological markers and radiological findings. The histopathological reports were reviewed. The cases excluded were ectopic pregnancies. Frequency distribution tables were used and data was analyzed using percentages. RESULTS Out of total 180 adnexal masses, 167 (92.77 %) cases were of ovarian origin. Out of these, 150 (83.33 %) cases were benign and 17 (9.44 %) were malignant. Among the benign lesions, serous cystadenoma was the most common lesion counting for 54 cases i.e., 30 %. In our study, most common symptom was vague abdominal pain- 63.88 %. Maximum adnexal masses were in the age group of 41 - 50 years i.e., 53 (29.44 %). Different types of surgeries were done. Maximum were bilateral oophorectomies with transabdominal hysterctomy 88 (48.88 %). CONCLUSIONS By proper education about personal and perineal hygiene, use of contraceptives, we can at least prevent some sexually transmitted diseases causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and adnexal masses. KEYWORDS Adnexal Mass, Benign, Malignant, Serous Cystadenoma

scholarly journals Obituary: Georges Matheron

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1190-1192
Author(s):  
Dominique Jeulin
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Coding ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Random Media ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Artificial Vision ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Major Figure

The scientific community is saddened to learn of the death of Professor Georges Matheron on 7 August 2000. As a major figure in applied mathematics over four decades, he leaves an outstanding scientific heritage, covering a wide range of domains where probabilistic tools and models are implemented. He also trained more than one generation of researchers, engineers and teachers. In the fields of theoretical and applied random media and image analysis his work has inspired many researchers worldwide: mathematicians, statisticians, physicists, experimentalists, earth scientists, mining engineers and also users of image analysis and synthesis in all its applications (materials, biology, artificial vision, CAD, remote sensing, geophysics, biometry, image coding etc.).

MANAGEMENT OF UNCERTAINTY AND RISK IN OFFSHORE PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
P. Behrenbruch
Keyword(s):  
Development Planning ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Petroleum Development ◽  
Petroleum Reserves ◽  
Management Of Uncertainty

Uncertainty in petroleum development projects is most often associated with petroleum reserves. It is the limited amount of subsurface data typically available during the time of development planning that creates this situation. Risks are associated not only with reservoir uncertainty but also with wells and production facilities. Risks for offshore projects, as compared to those onshore, are further compounded by very large capital expenditures and less flexibility in catering for subsurface surprises, or remedial action in case of engineering blunders.These concepts are illustrated using case histories of successful and failed projects. Lessons learned from these and other projects are then summarised and processes for uncertainty and risk management are outlined. Risk and uncertainty cover a wide range of issues, and relate to geoscience, reservoir engineering, well technology, facilities engineering, operations, and project planning and evaluation.

scholarly journals Computer-aided prediction and design of IL-6 inducing peptides: IL-6 plays a crucial role in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Dhall ◽  
Sumeet Patiyal ◽  
Neelam Sharma ◽  
Salman Sadullah Usmani ◽  
Gajendra P S Raghava
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Independent Validation ◽  
Immune Epitope ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immune Epitope Database

Abstract Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that stimulates acute phase responses, hematopoiesis and specific immune reactions. Recently, it was found that the IL-6 plays a vital role in the progression of COVID-19, which is responsible for the high mortality rate. In order to facilitate the scientific community to fight against COVID-19, we have developed a method for predicting IL-6 inducing peptides/epitopes. The models were trained and tested on experimentally validated 365 IL-6 inducing and 2991 non-inducing peptides extracted from the immune epitope database. Initially, 9149 features of each peptide were computed using Pfeature, which were reduced to 186 features using the SVC-L1 technique. These features were ranked based on their classification ability, and the top 10 features were used for developing prediction models. A wide range of machine learning techniques has been deployed to develop models. Random Forest-based model achieves a maximum AUROC of 0.84 and 0.83 on training and independent validation dataset, respectively. We have also identified IL-6 inducing peptides in different proteins of SARS-CoV-2, using our best models to design vaccine against COVID-19. A web server named as IL-6Pred and a standalone package has been developed for predicting, designing and screening of IL-6 inducing peptides (https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/il6pred/).

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