Orthogonal Learning Firefly Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Kadavy ◽  
Roman Senkerik ◽  
Michal Pluhacek ◽  
Adam Viktorin
Keyword(s):  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Swarm Dynamics ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Proven Method ◽  
Hybrid Modification ◽  
Orthogonal Learning ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The primary aim of this original work is to provide a more in-depth insight into the relations between control parameters adjustments, learning techniques, inner swarm dynamics and possible hybridization strategies for popular swarm metaheuristic Firefly Algorithm (FA). In this paper, a proven method, orthogonal learning, is fused with FA, specifically with its hybrid modification Firefly Particle Swarm Optimization (FFPSO). The parameters of the proposed Orthogonal Learning Firefly Algorithm are also initially thoroughly explored and tuned. The performance of the developed algorithm is examined and compared with canonical FA and above-mentioned FFPSO. Comparisons have been conducted on well-known CEC 2017 benchmark functions, and the results have been evaluated for statistical significance using the Friedman rank test.

scholarly journals Does daily wear time of Twin Block reliably predict its efficiency of class II treatment?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Sarul ◽  
Marek Nahajowski ◽  
Grzegorz Gawin ◽  
Joanna Antoszewska-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Twin Block ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Class Ii Treatment

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate how daily wear time (DWT) influences class II malocclusion treatment efficiency. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 55 patients (mean age 10.4 years) diagnosed with a class II/1 malocclusion. Twin block appliances, with built-in Theramon® microsensors (MC Technology, Hargelsberg, Austria) to monitor patients’ cooperation (daily wear time assessment), were used for treatment. Cephalograms were taken and the following initial and final measurements were compared: Co-Gn, Co-Go, Co-Olp, Pg-Olp, WITS, SNA, SNB, ANB, Co-Go-Me, overjet, molar and canine relationships. The Shapiro–Wilk test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Student’s t-test, Levene’s test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, χ2 test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient with p < 0.05 set as the statistical significance level were used to determine the correlation of the outcomes with DWT; a ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve was calculated to illustrate diagnostic ability of the binary classifier system. Results DWT was very highly positively correlated with change of the Pg-Olp parameter and highly with an improvement in the ANB, SNA, and SNB angles, an increase in the WITS parameter and an increase in Co-Gn distance. DWTs < 7.5 h correlated with significantly less improvement of the investigated variables. However, DWT > 7.5 h did not significantly correlate with the improvement of the overjet and most of the linear parameters in the mandible. The ROC curve and its AUC (area under curve) allowed the determination of a DWT of 7 h and 48 min to be capable of establishing a class I relationship with 83% probability. Conclusions Class II treatment efficiency was influenced by DWT; an 8 h threshold value had an 83% probability of establishing a class I relationship.

scholarly journals Machine Learning and Sensor Fusion for Estimating Continuous Energy Expenditure

AI Magazine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisarg Vyas ◽  
Jonathan Farringdon ◽  
David Andre ◽  
John Ivo Stivoric
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
System A ◽  
Multi Sensor Data Fusion ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Insight Into

In this article we provide insight into the BodyMedia FIT armband system — a wearable multi-sensor technology that continuously monitors physiological events related to energy expenditure for weight management using machine learning and data modeling methods. Since becoming commercially available in 2001, more than half a million users have used the system to track their physiological parameters and to achieve their individual health goals including weight-loss. We describe several challenges that arise in applying machine learning techniques to the health care domain and present various solutions utilized in the armband system. We demonstrate how machine learning and multi-sensor data fusion techniques are critical to the system’s success.

scholarly journals Effect of epidemiology batch posting in improving attitude towards research among medical students

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Aparnavi P. ◽  
Venkatesh U. ◽  
Priyanka S. ◽  
Shalini S.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
Wilcoxon Sign Rank

Background: Epidemiology batch posting (EBP) is conducted only in a few Indian medical colleges for undergraduate students to orient them with research methodologies. EBP is designed to overcome the lacuna in knowledge on attitude towards scientific research amongst medical students. The objective of the study was to study the effect of EBP in improving attitude towards research among medical students.Methods: A pre-post study was conducted on a batch of 40 students (consecutive sampling technique) posted for EBP in Department of Community Medicine, at VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi during October-November 2017. This was well above the required sample size of 16 calculated using G Power 3.1. Data was collected using R-ATR (revised attitude towards research) Data was found to be non-parametric by applying tests of normality. Hence Wilcoxon sign rank test was used to find the statistical significance in change of attitude between pre and post-tests.Results: Participants mean age was 20.50±1.58 yrs and 75% of them were males. The median attitude towards research usefulness increased from 5.25 to 6.75 following EBP. In the domain of positive predisposition towards research, there was an overall positive change in attitude from a median of 4.00 to 5.25. A negative change was shown in ‘research anxiety’ domain, from a median score of 5.00 to 3.00.Conclusions: Authors recommend that Indian medical curriculum should mandate a small group learning model such as EBP for all undergraduate medical students to bring about a positive attitude towards research and to reduce their anxiety levels.

scholarly journals Research on threat detection in cyber security based on machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2113 (1) ◽  
pp. 012074
Author(s):  
Qiwei Ke
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Information Privacy ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Threat Detection ◽  
Vulnerability Detection ◽  
New Information ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The volume of the data has been rocketed since the new information era arrives. How to protect information privacy and detect the threat whenever the intrusion happens has become a hot topic. In this essay, we are going to look into the latest machine learning techniques (including deep learning) which are applicable in intrusion detection, malware detection, and vulnerability detection. And the comparison between the traditional methods and novel methods will be demonstrated in detail. Specially, we would examine the whole experiment process of representative examples from recent research projects to give a better insight into how the models function and cooperate. In addition, some potential problems and improvements would be illustrated at the end of each section.

Temperature and Time of Development of the Two Sexes in Drosophila

1926 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERT BONNIER
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

1. The time of development at 25°C. up to the moment of pupation is found to be for females and males respectively 116.62 ± 0.19 and 116.78 ± 0.20 hours. During the pupal stage the two times are 111.36 ± 0.15 and 115.46 ± 0.13 hours. 2. At 30° C. the corresponding figures are (in the same order): 99.95 ± 0.49, 103.37 ± 0.43, 78±15 ± 0.50 and 84.26 ± 0.34 hours. 3. These figures show that there is a statistical significance in the differences of the times of development of the two sexes for both the periods at 30°C. but only for the pupal stage at 25° C. It is pointed out that the fact that the longer time of male development as compared with female development at 25° C. is confined to the pupal stage, may be correlated with the other fact that the essential parts of the secondary sexual characters are developed during this stage. 4. It is shown that there is a negative correlation between the pre-pupal and pupal times of development, indicating that the longer the first time is, the shorter is, as a rule, the other time and vice versa. 5. With the aid of statistical methods it is shown that the shortening of the time of development at 30°C. as compared with the time at 25° C. is much more pronounced for the pupal than for the pre-pupal stage. 6. This last fact is discussed and it is emphasised that the ordinary methods of studying the influence of temperature on development are too rough to be of more than of a descriptive value, the only way of getting a deeper insight into the processes of development by temperature studies being the separate studies of a number of short intervals.

G8 as a screening tool for comprehensive geriatric assessment in patients with breast cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24010-e24010
Author(s):  
Rocio Grajales ◽  
Alicia Gutierrez Mata ◽  
José Enrique Martínez Hernández ◽  
Alejandro Zavala-Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Geriatric Screening

e24010 Background: G8 is a geriatric screening tool designed to identify elderly cancer patients who benefit from a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Despite the increase in the incidence of cancer in the geriatric patients, there is absence of trials targeting this population. Decisions are often made based on their age and ECOG/Karnofsky scales, which does not reflect the actual role of an elderly patient. It is necessary to identify patients who require a CGA for an accurate evaluation and optimal oncological management. The routine implementation of the G8 geriatric screening tool in the oncology consultation consumes little time and is useful for timely referral of vulnerable patients to specialized care, in order to generate a positive impact on oncological therapy decision-making, improving their outcomes. Our main objective was to determine, using the geriatric screening tool G8, the percentage of patients aged >65 years with breast cancer, which require a CGA. Methods: The G8 questionnaire was applied to patients >65 yo with a diagnosis of breast cancer from December 2019 to May 2020. The baseline characteristics were prospectively collected and included clinical and demographic characteristics. The prognostic value of the functional status of the ECOG was evaluated and compared with that obtained from the G8. The difference between groups was assessed using Pearson's chi square with Yates correction. Additional scores were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups using the log rank test. The hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards analysis, considering an abnormal G8 score as an exposure variable. Spearman correlation was made between age and the G8 score obtained. SPSS v22 software (IBM, USA) was used for all analyzes. Results: From December 2019 to May 2020, 357 patients were recruited. The mean age was 73.57 years (SD+7.02 y). The most frequent clinical stage was IIA (27.7%), followed by I (21.8%). 74.2% had an ECOG 1. Regarding treatment, 317 patients (88.8%) were on hormone therapy. The percentage of patients requiring a CGA was 44.3% (n = 158), of which only 55.1% (n = 87) were performed. We found no significant association between the requirement of CGA and clinical stage (p = 0.27) or treatment received (p = 0.345); but according to the ECOG, we obtained statistical significance p < 0.0001. Spearman correlation was performed between age and the G8 score, a correlation of 0.422 was obtained with p < 0.0001.The most affected domains of G8 were polypharmacy (51%) and ingestion (28.3%). Disease-free survival analysis was performed, without finding differences between vulnerable-frail and healthy patients. Conclusions: The G8 is a tool that allows to discern which patients require a CGA, in order to carry out interventions to improve comprehensive cancer treatment, so it should be implemented routinely in the oncology consultation.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on the weight and length of infants in the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil: associations with sociodemographic variables and breastfeeding

2009 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Laura Delbue Bernardi ◽  
Regina Esteves Jordão ◽  
Antônio de Azevedo Barros Filho
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Significance Level

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Increasing obesity is starting to occur among Brazilians. The aim of this study was to investigate the weight and length of children under two years of age in relation to sociodemographic variables and according to whether they were breastfed. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional randomized study conducted in 2004-2005, based on the declaration of live births (SINASC) in Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: 2,857 mothers of newborns were interviewed and answered a questionnaire seeking socioeconomic and breastfeeding information. The newborns' weights and lengths were measured at the end of the interviews and the body mass index was calculated. Percentiles (< 15 and > 85) and Z-scores (< -1 and > +1) were used for classification based on the new growth charts recommended by WHO (2006). The log-rank test, multiple linear regression and binomial test (Z) were used. The statistical significance level used was 5%. RESULTS: The predominant social level was class C. The median for exclusive breastfeeding was 90 days; 61.25% of the children were between P15 and P85 for body mass index and 61.12% for length, respectively. Children whose mothers studied for nine to eleven years and children whose mothers were unemployed presented lower weight. Children whose mothers worked in health-related professions presented lower length when correlated with breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: The breastfeeding, maternal schooling and maternal occupation levels had an influence on nutrition status and indicated that obesity is occurring in early childhood among the infants living in the municipality.

Randomized clinical trial of tamoxifen alone or combined with fluoxymesterone in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer.

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
J N Ingle ◽  
D I Twito ◽  
D J Schaid ◽  
S A Cullinan ◽  
J E Krook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

A randomized clinical trial was performed to determine if combination hormonal therapy with tamoxifen (TAM) and fluoxymesterone (FLU) was more efficacious than TAM alone for the treatment of postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Patients failing TAM could subsequently receive FLU. The dose of both drugs was 10 mg orally twice daily. Objective responses were seen in 50 of 119 TAM patients (42%) and 63 of 119 TAM plus FLU patients (53%) (one-sided P = .05). Time to disease progression distributions were better for TAM plus FLU (median, 350 days v 199 days), but the log rank test only approached statistical significance (one-sided P = .07). Duration of response and survival distributions were similar between the two treatment arms. Toxicities, in terms of androgenic side effects, were greater on the TAM plus FLU regimen. Fifty-two patients are evaluable for response with FLU following TAM and 21 (40%) have achieved a response. We conclude that the advantages in terms of response rate and time to progression observed with TAM plus FLU probably represent a biological effect, but are not of sufficient magnitude to justify the routine clinical use of this combination given the lack of survival advantage and side effects encountered.

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