scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Collection and Analysis of Human Milk for Macronutrient Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1652-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela E Leghi ◽  
Philippa F Middleton ◽  
Merryn J Netting ◽  
Mary E Wlodek ◽  
Donna T Geddes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collection Methods

ABSTRACT Background As human milk (HM) composition varies by time and across even a single feed, methods of sample collection can significantly affect the results of compositional analyses and complicate comparisons between studies. Objective The aim was to compare the results obtained for HM macronutrient composition between studies utilizing different sampling methodologies. The results will be used as a basis to identify the most reliable HM sampling approach. Methods EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched for relevant articles. Observational and interventional studies were included, and at least 2 authors screened studies and undertook data extraction. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and previously published pragmatic score. Results A total of 5301 publications were identified from our search, of which 101 studies were included (n = 5049 breastfeeding women). Methods used for HM collection were divided into 3 categories: collection of milk from all feeds over 24 h (32 studies, n = 1309 participants), collection at one time point (62 studies, n = 3432 participants), and “other methods” (7 studies, n = 308 participants). Fat and protein concentrations varied between collection methods within lactation stage, but there were no obvious differences in lactose concentrations. There was substantial variability between studies in other factors potentially impacting HM composition, including stage of lactation, gestational age, and analytical method, which complicated direct comparison of methods. Conclusions This review describes the first systematic evaluation of sampling methodologies used in studies reporting HM composition and highlights the wide range of collection methods applied in the field. This information provides an important basis for developing recommendations for best practices for HM collection for compositional analysis, which will ultimately allow combination of information from different studies and thus strengthen the body of evidence relating to contemporary HM composition. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42017072563, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017072563

Burden of Morbidities Associated with Splenomegaly and From Existing Treatments In Patients with Myelofibrosis

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 5059-5059
Author(s):  
Claire N. Harrison ◽  
Benjamin R. Elkins ◽  
Kimberly Yee ◽  
Dave Nellesen ◽  
Sonia Pulgar
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Abstract 5059 Background: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that often presents with moderate to massive splenomegaly secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis. Symptoms such as cachexia and fatigue can occur as a consequence of anemia, splenomegaly, and potentially also due to the effects of circulating cytokines. MF may present de novo as primary (P)MF or following essential thrombocythemia or polycythemia vera (post ET/PV MF). Although there are no approved therapies for MF, treatments currently used in clinical practice include cytoreductive medications, splenectomy, and splenic irradiation as well as supportive care for disease related anemia and symptoms. As the burden of splenomegaly in MF has not been well documented, a critical review of the literature was conducted to describe associated morbidities and existing treatments for splenomegaly in patients with MF. Methods: A comprehensive search of Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ASH, ASCO, and EHA abstracts was conducted to identify studies that included PMF and post ET/PV MF patients with splenomegaly. Only primary reports of investigational or observational studies conducted among humans were retained. Studies that did not identify MF as a primary baseline condition or did not identify patients as having splenomegaly were excluded. Aggregate data on prevalence of splenomegaly, severity of splenomegaly (including assessment method), morbidities, and therapies investigated for treatment of splenomegaly were systematically extracted from included studies. Additional hand-searching was done to identify other potentially relevant publications. Results: The search yielded 688 studies, of which 100 were retained after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Retained studies varied in study type, including 1 pooled analysis, 29 clinical trials, 11 prospective studies, 18 retrospective studies, and 41 case reports, and included data on 3,402 patients. Among these patients, 50 unique baseline morbidities were identified; 66% (2,248) had splenomegaly. Other morbidities reported in ≥5% of patients included: anemia (25%), thrombocytopenia (14%), transfusion dependence (11%), and hepatomegaly (9%). Other less commonly reported but severe morbidities included cachexia, fecal incontinence, splenic infarction, and portal hypertension. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) studies of MF and other MPN also described a substantial burden due to pain, fatigue and weight loss, which may be in part due to splenomegaly. Of the 33 different therapies with an expected or observed effect on splenomegaly, the most commonly investigated therapies (≥5 studies) were alpha2 interferon (5 studies; 40 patients), thalidomide (8 studies; 345 patients), and splenectomy (18 studies; 540 patients). Thirty-nine unique grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported across the 33 investigated treatments. Treatment-related death was reported in 10 studies, occurring in 48 out of 490 treated patients (9.8%). The most commonly reported (≥6 studies) grade 3/4 TEAEs were fatigue, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, bleeding or hemorrhage, and rash or dry skin. Eight of the 18 studies (44%) investigating splenectomy reported at least one treatment-related death, with a total of 35 deaths among 427 patients (8.2%). The largest included study of splenectomized MF patients (n=314) reported a surgery-related mortality rate of 6.7% (Mesa et al., Cancer 2006). Substantial inconsistencies in the measurement of splenomegaly and in the reporting of morbidities limited analysis of results. Conclusions: MF patients with splenomegaly experience a wide range of function-limiting and, in some cases, life-threatening morbidities. Numerous morbidities were reported in the literature, including anemia, transfusion dependence, cachexia, pain, portal hypertension, bleeding and hemorrhage, and fecal incontinence. Treatment options are limited and bear significant risks, including mortality risk and severe hematologic adverse events associated with medical therapies. Future investigations could significantly improve the body of evidence through standardization in the assessment of splenomegaly and associated morbidities and systematic measurement of HRQoL in the context of prospective studies. Disclosures: Harrison: Incyte: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria.

scholarly journals Effect of Sample Collection (Manual Expression vs. Pumping) and Skimming on the Microbial Profile of Human Milk Using Culture Techniques and Metataxonomic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz ◽  
Claudio Alba ◽  
Marina Aparicio ◽  
María Ángeles Checa ◽  
Leonides Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
The Impact

Human milk microbiota is a unique bacterial community playing a relevant role in infant health, but its composition depends on different factors (woman health, lactation stage, and geographical lactation). However, information is lacking regarding some other factors that may affect the bacterial community of human milk. In this study we aimed to study the impact of the sample collection method and the skimming procedure using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques to study the human milk microbial profile. One set of milk samples was provided by women (n = 10) in two consecutive days; half of the samples were collected the first day by manual expression and the other half on the second day by pumping. The rest of the participants (n = 17) provided milk samples that were fractionated by centrifugation; the bacterial profiles of whole milk and skimmed milk were compared by culture techniques in 10 milk samples, while those of whole milk, fat and skimmed milk were subjected to metataxonomic analysis in seven samples. Globally, the results obtained revealed high interindividual variability but that neither the use of single-use sterile devices to collect the sample nor the skimming procedure have a significant impact of the microbial profile of human samples.

scholarly journals Investigation of the impact of stool collection methods on the metabolomics analysis/profiles of infant fecal samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara-Maria Homann ◽  
Sara Dizzell ◽  
Sandi Azab ◽  
Eileen K Hutton ◽  
Katherine M Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Comprehensive Metabolomics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

Metabolomic studies are important to understand microbial metabolism and interaction between the host and the gut microbiome. Although there have been efforts to standardize sample processing in metabolomic studies, infant samples are mostly disregarded. In birth cohort studies, the use of diaper liners is prevalent and its impact on fecal metabolic profile remains untested. In this study, we compared metabolite profiles of fecal samples collected as solid stool and those collected from stool saturated liner. One infant's stool sample was collected in triplicate for solid stool and stool saturated liner. Comprehensive metabolomics analysis of the fecal samples was performed using NMR, UPLC and DI-MS. The total number, identities and concentrations of the metabolites were determined and compared between stool sample collection methods (stool vs. liner). The number and identity of metabolites did not differ between collection methods for NMR and DI-MS when excluding metabolites with a coefficient of variation (CV) > 40%. NMR analysis demonstrated lowest bias between collection methods, and lowest technical precision between triplicates of the same method followed by DI-MS then UPLC. Concentrations of many metabolites from stool and stool saturated liner differed significantly as revealed by Bland-Altman plots and t-tests. Overall, a mean bias of 10.2% in the Bland-Altman analysis was acceptable for some metabolites confirming mutual agreement but not for others with a wide range of bias (-97-117%). Consequently, stool and stool-saturated liner could be used interchangeably only for some select metabolite classes e.g. amino acids. Differences between the metabolomic profiles of solid stool samples and stool saturated liner samples for some important molecules e.g., ethanol, fumarate, short chain fatty acids and bile acids, indicate the need for standardization in stool collection method for metabolomic studies performed in infants.

PP002 Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
Sabine Ettinger ◽  
Michal Stanak ◽  
Mirjana Huic ◽  
Romana Tandara Hacek ◽  
Darija Ercevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Wide Range

INTRODUCTION:Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the most common cause of death in patients with coronary artery disease. Mostly, ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are the underlying aetiology of SCA, which is claimed to be successfully treated by a novel therapy, a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD, LifeVest®).The assessment, performed within the European Network for HTA (EUnetHTA), aimed to provide valid data on clinical effectiveness and safety of the WCD. Furthermore, the project intended to elicit patients views on aspects regarding their cardiac disease and the WCD therapy as well as to identify neglected outcomes.METHODS:A synthesis of evidence on the basis of a systematic literature search in Medline via Ovid, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) databases was performed. The search was complemented by citation tracking and handsearch.A face-to-face semi-structured focus group interview was performed with five cardiac disease patients in the scoping phase.RESULTS:Since no prospective controlled trials were found, no assessment of effectiveness could be performed. With regard to safety, five prospective studies were included, but the quality of the body of evidence was very low. Adverse events (AEs) reported were skin rash/itching (6 percent), false alarms (14 percent), palpitations/lightheadedness/fainting (9 percent) and discontinuation due to comfort/lifestyle issues (16-22 percent). Serious adverse events (SAEs) were inappropriate shocks (0-2 percent) and unsuccessful shocks (0-.7 percent). Frequency of SAEs leading to death was 0-.3 percent.Patients of the focus group reported that experiencing a sense of security was crucial to them. The WCD therapy was not considered an option for weeks or months, due to expected restrictions in living a ‘normal’ and secure life.CONCLUSIONS:No statement can be made about the device effectiveness – further research is needed. More data and more adequate reporting of AEs and SAEs are needed in order to establish the device safety. In particular, more data is needed for risk stratification of high risk patients in order to further narrow down the wide range of indications for the WCD use.

Creating the Wind

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
Élodie Dupey García
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Natural Behavior ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Identity And Agency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Late Postclassic ◽  
Comparative Examination ◽  
Meteorological Phenomenon

This article explores how the Nahua of late Postclassic Mesoamerica (1200–1521 CE) created living and material embodiments of their wind god constructed on the basis of sensory experiences that shaped their conception of this divinized meteorological phenomenon. In this process, they employed chromatic and design devices, based on a wide range of natural elements, to add several layers of meaning to the human, painted, and sculpted supports dressed in the god’s insignia. Through a comparative examination of pre-Columbian visual production—especially codices and sculptures—historical sources mainly written in Nahuatl during the viceregal period, and ethnographic data on indigenous communities in modern Mexico, my analysis targets the body paint and shell jewelry of the anthropomorphic “images” of the wind god, along with the Feathered Serpent and the monkey-inspired embodiments of the deity. This study identifies the centrality of other human senses beyond sight in the conception of the wind god and the making of its earthly manifestations. Constructing these deity “images” was tantamount to creating the wind because they were intended to be visual replicas of the wind’s natural behavior. At the same time, they referred to the identity and agency of the wind god in myths and rituals.

PREDIKSI PERINGKAT OBLIGASI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ike Arisanti ◽  
Isti Fadah ◽  
Novi Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Rating Prediction ◽  
Collection Methods

This study purposes to analyze the influence of financial and non financial factors to prediction of the rating islamic bond in indonesia. The study used independent variable,that is financial factor (growth, size, profit sharing/fee, liquidity) and non financial factor ( secure and maturity) and dependent variable that is the rating of islamic bond. This study applied logistic regresion analysis with sample collection methods using purposive sampling. After selecting fixed criterias, there were 25 islamic bonds chosen with the numbers of 75 investigation from periods of 2010-2012. The result of this study showed that significantly effect the variable growth (X1) , size(X2), profit sharing/ fee (X3), liquidity (X4), secure (X5), maturity (X6) simultaneously to the rating prediction of islamic bond in indonesia. Partially, variable variables of growth (X1) , size (X2), profit sharing/ fee (X3) which referred not significant affecting to the rating prediction of islamic bond in indonesia. Meanwhile, variables of liquidity (X4), secure (X5), maturity ( X6) referred significant affecting to the rating prediction of islamic bond in indonesia.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis—a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Köhler ◽  
Anne Hendricks ◽  
Carolin Kastner ◽  
Sophie Müller ◽  
Kevin Boerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Laparoscopic Appendectomy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Open Appendectomy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Uncomplicated Appendicitis ◽  
Absence From Work

Abstract Background Over the last years, laparoscopic appendectomy has progressively replaced open appendectomy and become the current gold standard treatment for suspected, uncomplicated appendicitis. At the same time, though, it is an ongoing discussion that antibiotic therapy can be an equivalent treatment for patients with uncomplicated appendicitis. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the safety and efficacy of antibiotic therapy and compare it to the laparoscopic appendectomy for acute, uncomplicated appendicitis. Methods The PubMed database, Embase database, and Cochrane library were scanned for studies comparing laparoscopic appendectomy with antibiotic treatment. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection and data extraction. The primary endpoint was defined as successful treatment of appendicitis. Secondary endpoints were pain intensity, duration of hospitalization, absence from work, and incidence of complications. Results No studies were found that exclusively compared laparoscopic appendectomy with antibiotic treatment for acute, uncomplicated appendicitis. Conclusions To date, there are no studies comparing antibiotic treatment to laparoscopic appendectomy for patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis, thus emphasizing the lack of evidence and need for further investigation.

scholarly journals mtDNAcombine: tools to combine sequences from multiple studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor F. Miller ◽  
Andrea Manica
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Bayesian Skyline Plot ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract Background Today an unprecedented amount of genetic sequence data is stored in publicly available repositories. For decades now, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been the workhorse of genetic studies, and as a result, there is a large volume of mtDNA data available in these repositories for a wide range of species. Indeed, whilst whole genome sequencing is an exciting prospect for the future, for most non-model organisms’ classical markers such as mtDNA remain widely used. By compiling existing data from multiple original studies, it is possible to build powerful new datasets capable of exploring many questions in ecology, evolution and conservation biology. One key question that these data can help inform is what happened in a species’ demographic past. However, compiling data in this manner is not trivial, there are many complexities associated with data extraction, data quality and data handling. Results Here we present the mtDNAcombine package, a collection of tools developed to manage some of the major decisions associated with handling multi-study sequence data with a particular focus on preparing sequence data for Bayesian skyline plot demographic reconstructions. Conclusions There is now more genetic information available than ever before and large meta-data sets offer great opportunities to explore new and exciting avenues of research. However, compiling multi-study datasets still remains a technically challenging prospect. The mtDNAcombine package provides a pipeline to streamline the process of downloading, curating, and analysing sequence data, guiding the process of compiling data sets from the online database GenBank.

Human milk cholesterol is associated with lactation stage and maternal plasma cholesterol in Chinese populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
Rulan Jiang ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yifan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Lactation Stage

scholarly journals Prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e040997
Author(s):  
Varo Kirthi ◽  
Paul Nderitu ◽  
Uazman Alam ◽  
Jennifer Evans ◽  
Sarah Nevitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cochrane Library

IntroductionThere is growing evidence of a higher than expected prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes. This paper presents the protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of retinopathy in prediabetes. The aim of the review is to estimate the prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes and to summarise the current data.Methods and analysisThis protocol is developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive electronic bibliographic search will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies will report prevalence data for retinopathy on fundus photography in adults with prediabetes. No time restrictions will be placed on the date of publication. Screening for eligible studies and data extraction will be conducted by two reviewers independently, using predefined inclusion criteria and prepiloted data extraction forms. Disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved by discussion, and if required, a third (senior) reviewer will arbitrate.The primary outcome is the prevalence of any standard features of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on fundus photography, as per International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (ICDRSS) classification. Secondary outcomes are the prevalence of (1) any retinal microvascular abnormalities on fundus photography that are not standard features of DR as per ICDRSS classification and (2) any macular microvascular abnormalities on fundus photography, including but not limited to the presence of macular exudates, microaneurysms and haemorrhages. Risk of bias for included studies will be assessed using a validated risk of bias tool for prevalence studies. Pooled estimates for the prespecified outcomes of interest will be calculated using random effects meta-analytic techniques. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2 statistic.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this is a protocol for a systematic review and no primary data are to be collected. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international meetings including Diabetes UK, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, American Diabetes Association and International Diabetes Federation conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020184820.

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