scholarly journals Higher Energy and Zinc Intakes from Complementary Feeding Are Associated with Decreased Risk of Undernutrition in Children from South America, Africa, and Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna L L Maciel ◽  
Priscila N Costa ◽  
José Q Filho ◽  
Samilly A Ribeiro ◽  
Francisco A P Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Food Recalls ◽  
Multivariable Regression Models

ABSTRACT Background Few studies have focused on quantitatively analyzing nutrients from infant diets, compromising complementary feeding evaluation and health promotion worldwide. Objectives This study aimed to describe dietary intake in infants from 9 to 24 mo of age, determining nutrient intakes associated with the risk of underweight, wasting, and stunting. Methods Usual nutrient intakes from complementary feeding were determined by 24-h recalls collected when infants were 9–24 mo of age in communities from 7 low- and middle-income countries: Brazil (n = 169), Peru (n = 199), South Africa (n = 221), Tanzania (n = 210), Bangladesh (n = 208), India (n = 227), and Nepal (n = 229), totaling 1463 children and 22,282 food recalls. Intakes were corrected for within- and between-person variance and energy intake. Multivariable regression models were constructed to determine nutrient intakes associated with the development of underweight, wasting, and stunting at 12, 18, and 24 mo of age. Results Children with malnutrition presented significantly lower intakes of energy and zinc at 12, 18, and 24 mo of age, ranging from −16.4% to −25.9% for energy and −2.3% to −48.8% for zinc. Higher energy intakes decreased the risk of underweight at 12 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.96] and 24 mo (AOR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.96), and wasting at 18 (AOR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.99) and 24 mo (AOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.92). Higher zinc intakes decreased the risk of underweight (AOR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.55) and wasting (AOR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.92) at 12 mo, and wasting (AOR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.76) at 24 mo. Conclusions Higher intakes of energy and zinc in complementary feeding were associated with decreased risk of undernutrition in the studied children. Data suggest these are characteristics to be improved in children's complementary feeding across countries.

scholarly journals The Impact of Weather and Seasons on Falls and Physical Activity among Older Adults with Glaucoma: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3415
Author(s):  
Hursuong Vongsachang ◽  
Aleksandra Mihailovic ◽  
Jian-Yu E ◽  
David S. Friedman ◽  
Sheila K. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Injurious Fall ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Multivariable Regression Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding periods of the year associated with higher risk for falling and less physical activity may guide fall prevention and activity promotion for older adults. We examined the relationship between weather and seasons on falls and physical activity in a three-year cohort of older adults with glaucoma. Participants recorded falls information via monthly calendars and participated in four one-week accelerometer trials (baseline and per study year). Across 240 participants, there were 406 falls recorded over 7569 person-months, of which 163 were injurious (40%). In separate multivariable regression models incorporating generalized estimating equations, temperature, precipitation, and seasons were not significantly associated with the odds of falling, average daily steps, or average daily active minutes. However, every 10 °C increase in average daily temperature was associated with 24% higher odds of a fall being injurious, as opposed to non-injurious (p = 0.04). The odds of an injurious fall occurring outdoors, as opposed to indoors, were greater with higher average temperatures (OR per 10 °C = 1.46, p = 0.03) and with the summer season (OR = 2.69 vs. winter, p = 0.03). Falls and physical activity should be understood as year-round issues for older adults, although the likelihood of injury and the location of fall-related injuries may change with warmer season and temperatures.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Factors, Smoke-Free Restrictions, and Media Exposure in Relation to Smoking-Related Attitudes and Behaviors among Adults in Armenia and Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4013
Author(s):  
Christina N. Wysota ◽  
Marina Topuridze ◽  
Zhanna Sargsyan ◽  
Ana Dekanosidze ◽  
Lela Sturua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Readiness To Quit ◽  
Perceived Harm

Background: Perceived harm, social influences, smoke-free policies, and media exposure have been understudied in relation to tobacco-related attitudes/behaviors in aggregate or in low and middle-income countries; thus, this study examined these factors collectively in relation to smoking-related outcomes among Armenian and Georgian adults. Methods: Using 2018 cross-sectional survey data (n = 1456), multivariable regression analyses examined these factors in relation to smoking status, perceived harm among nonsmokers, and readiness to quit and past-year quit attempts among smokers. Results: Significant predictors (p < 0.05) of current smoking (27.3%) included lower perceived harm, more smoking friends, and fewer home and vehicle restrictions. Among nonsmokers, more home and restaurant/bar restrictions, fewer vehicle restrictions, greater anti-tobacco media exposure, and less pro-tobacco media exposure predicted greater perceived harm. Among smokers, greater perceived social acceptability of smoking, less anti-tobacco media exposure, and greater pro-tobacco media exposure predicted readiness to quit (12.7% of smokers). More smoking friends, more home restrictions, less anti-tobacco media exposure, and greater pro-tobacco media exposure predicted past-year quit attempts (19.2%). Conclusions: Findings support the importance of smoke-free policies but were counterintuitive regarding the roles of social and media influences, underscoring the need to better understand how to address these influences, particularly in countries with high smoking rates.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association between Internet Usage and Overweight/Obesity: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey in Nepal

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Md. Momin Islam ◽  
John Oldroyd ◽  
Nandeeta Samad ◽  
Rakibul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Obesity Interventions ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: To examine the associations between internet use and overweight/obesity in people aged 15–49 years in Nepal and the extent to which these associations differ by biological sex. Materials and methods: The study analyzed the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the total effects of internet use (IU) in the last 12 months and frequency of internet use (FIU) in the last month on overweight/obesity adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Of the 10,380 participants, the prevalence of overweight/obesity by IU was 38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.9%, 40.1%) for males and 44.1% (95% CI: 41.6%, 46.6%) for female. The likelihood of overweight/obesity was significantly higher (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.55; 95% CI: 1.40, 1.73; p < 0.001) among those participants who used the internet compared to the participants who did not use the internet in the last 12 months. Similar associations were observed when using the augmented measure of exposure-FIU in the last month. We observed the modification effect of sex in the associations of IU (p-difference < 0.001) and FIU (p-difference < 0.002) with overweight/obesity in Nepal. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that future overweight/obesity interventions in Nepal discourage unnecessary internet use, particularly among males.

Abstract 3572: Clinical Outcomes of the “Stroke100 Club”

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy K Guzik ◽  
Rema Raman ◽  
Kain Ernstrom ◽  
Dawn M Meyer ◽  
Ajeet Sodhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Multivariable Regression Models

Background: Patients with advanced age or high NIHSS have poorer tPA outcomes. When combined, old age (≥80yo) and elevated NIHSS (≥20) may have an even worse outcome. Patients who are also in this “Stroke100 Club” (any combination of age and NIHSS ≥100) by other means, have not been fully assessed. We evaluated discharge destination, 90-day mRS, sICH and death in treated and untreated Stroke100 Club patients. We further compared patients with age ≥ 80 and NIHSS ≥ 20 (“80/20s”), those who reached 100 without both characteristics (“non80/20s”) and ‘controls’. Methods: The UCSD SPOTRIAS prospectively collected database was analyzed for AIS patients (with and without tPA). Multivariable regression models including the Stroke100 group as an independent variable was used. Outcomes were adjusted for baseline mRS. For comparing categorical outcomes between controls, “80/20s” and “non80/20s” subgroups, a Fisher’s exact was used. Results: The IV tPA subset included 257 patients (mean age 71, 52% male, 85% white, mean NIHSS 12). 53 were in the “Stroke100 Club” (28 80/20, 25 non80/20), with more women (68% p= 0.002), higher NIHSS (22.5 p<0.0001), older age (mean age 86.4 p<0.0001), higher pre stroke mRS (34.6% mRS 3-6 vs 7.84%, p<0.0001), more HTN (p=0.045) and more afib (p= 0.008). There were 284 non tPA patients (mean age 69.52, 54% male, 85% white, mean NIHSS 5.92). 21 were in the “Stroke100 Club” (14 80/20, 7 non80/20), with higher NIHSS (23 p<0.0001), older age (mean 86.2 p<0.0001), higher pre stroke mRS (45.5% 3-6 vs 9.5%, p= 0.0001), and more afib (p= 0.0002). Stroke100 Club 90day mRS(3-6) outcomes were worse in both tPA treated patients (OR=6.77, p= 0.0001) and nontreated patients (OR 31.57, p= 0.001). sICH rates (in tPA subjects) were not different (3.8% vs 3.4%, p> 0.99). Conclusions: There is a question of treatment outcome in patients with various permutations of stroke severity and advanced age. Our data corroborates the concern of poor outcomes for Stroke100 Club patients, but notes no increased sICH with tPA. Though outcome may be poor, withholding tPA should be discouraged as worse outcomes were not due to sICH. Young patients with severe strokes or old patients with mild strokes may have outcomes similar to the standard “80/20” Stroke100 patients, however further adjusted analysis is ongoing. In addition, further analyses are being done to compare tPA to non tPA patients.

scholarly journals Analysis models for variables associated with breastfeeding duration

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Theodoro dos S. Neto ◽  
Eliana Zandonade ◽  
Adauto Oliveira Emmerich
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Factors Associated

OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with breastfeeding duration by two statistical models. METHODS A population-based cohort study was conducted with 86 mothers and newborns from two areas primary covered by the National Health System, with high rates of infant mortality in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. During 30 months, 67 (78%) children and mothers were visited seven times at home by trained interviewers, who filled out survey forms. Data on food and sucking habits, socioeconomic and maternal characteristics were collected. Variables were analyzed by Cox regression models, considering duration of breastfeeding as the dependent variable, and logistic regression (dependent variables, was the presence of a breastfeeding child in different post-natal ages). RESULTS In the logistic regression model, the pacifier sucking (adjusted Odds Ratio: 3.4; 95%CI 1.2-9.55) and bottle feeding (adjusted Odds Ratio: 4.4; 95%CI 1.6-12.1) increased the chance of weaning a child before one year of age. Variables associated to breastfeeding duration in the Cox regression model were: pacifier sucking (adjusted Hazard Ratio 2.0; 95%CI 1.2-3.3) and bottle feeding (adjusted Hazard Ratio 2.0; 95%CI 1.2-3.5). However, protective factors (maternal age and family income) differed between both models. CONCLUSIONS Risk and protective factors associated with cessation of breastfeeding may be analyzed by different models of statistical regression. Cox Regression Models are adequate to analyze such factors in longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Risk Factors That Cause Stunting in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Arief Andriyanto ◽  
Faisal Ibnu ◽  
Rina Nur Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Poor Child ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals emphasizing an intervention to prioritize solutions to the global challenge of poor child development in low and middle income countries (LMICs). In 2015, about 25% of children under five years of age in low were stunted (Kim & Subramanian, 2017; Perkins et al., 2017; UNICEF, 2015) The WHO conceptual framework for stunting (2013) identified household and family factors, complementary feeding, breastfeeding practices and infections as the most plausible causes of stunting(Stewart, Iannotti, Dewey, Michaelsen, & Onyango, 2013)

scholarly journals B.01 Predictors of dysphagia screening after acute ischemic stroke: Who gets tested?

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S9-S9
Author(s):  
RA Joundi ◽  
R Martino ◽  
G Saposnik ◽  
J Fang ◽  
V Giannakeas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Process Of Care ◽  
Stroke Registry ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Mild Stroke

Background: Dysphagia is a devastating complication of stroke and can lead to malnutrition, immobility, aspiration pneumonia, and death. Guidelines advocate screening all patients with acute stroke for swallowing impairment. However, previous research suggests only 60% are screened, and it is unclear what factors contribute to receiving dysphagia screening. Methods: We used the Ontario Stroke Registry to identify patients who were admitted to Regional Stroke Centres from 2010-2013. We used multivariable regression to identify predictors of receiving a dysphagia screen within 72 hours. Results: Among 7172 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 1705 patients (23.8%) did not undergo screening. Factors increasing the odds of being tested were: Stroke unit admission (adjusted odds ratio aOR 6.5), presenting with speech deficits (aOR 1.9) or weakness (aOR 1.5), or receiving thrombolysis (aOR 1.9). Seizure (aOR 0.49) and mild stroke (aOR 0.59 vs moderate stroke) decreased the odds of being tested. Among those with mild strokes who received a swallowing screen, 33% failed. *All p<0.0001. Conclusions: Patients with mild stroke are at risk of not being screened for dysphagia, despite a significant fail rate among those tested. This may expose untested patients to a higher risk of complications from dysphagia, and suggests a gap in process of care that should be addressed.

Preadmission Corticosteroid Therapy and the Risk of Respiratory Failure in Adults Without HIV Presenting With Pneumocystis Pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1465-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Wieruszewski ◽  
Erin F. Barreto ◽  
Jason N. Barreto ◽  
Hemang Yadav ◽  
Pritish K. Tosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Severe Respiratory Failure ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Multivariable Regression Models ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Corticosteroid therapy is a well-recognized risk factor for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP); however, it has also been proposed as an adjunct to decrease inflammation and respiratory failure. Objective: To determine the association between preadmission corticosteroid use and risk of moderate-to-severe respiratory failure at the time of PCP presentation. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated HIV-negative immunosuppressed adults diagnosed with PCP at Mayo Clinic from 2006 to 2016. Multivariable regression models were used to evaluate the association between preadmission corticosteroid exposure and moderate-to-severe respiratory failure at presentation. Results: Of the 323 patients included, 174 (54%) used preadmission corticosteroids with a median daily dosage of 20 (interquartile range: 10-40) mg of prednisone or equivalent. After adjustment for baseline demographics, preadmission corticosteroid therapy did not decrease respiratory failure at the time of PCP presentation (odds ratio: 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.73-2.09, P = .38). Additionally, after adjusting for inpatient corticosteroid administration, preadmission corticosteroid use did not impact the need for intensive care unit admission ( P = .98), mechanical ventilation ( P = .92), or 30-day mortality ( P = .11). Conclusions: Corticosteroid exposure before PCP presentation in immunosuppressed HIV-negative adults was not associated with a reduced risk of moderate-to-severe respiratory failure.

scholarly journals Effects of Older Adult Driving Resumption on All-Cause Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2263-2267
Author(s):  
Kendra L Ratnapradipa ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Marla Berg-Weger ◽  
and Mario Schootman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Driving Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Objectives Driving cessation is associated with adverse social and health outcomes including increased mortality risk. Some former drivers resume driving. Do resumed drivers have a different mortality risk compared to former drivers or continued drivers? Method We analyzed National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011–2015) data of community-dwelling self-responding ever drivers (n = 6,189) with weighted stratified life tables and discrete time logistic regression models to characterize mortality risk by driving status (continued, resumed, former), adjusting for relevant sociodemographic and health variables. Results Overall, 14% (n = 844) of participants died and 52% (n = 3,209) completed Round 5. Former drivers had the highest mortality (25%), followed by resumed (9%) and continued (6%) drivers. Former drivers had 2.4 times the adjusted odds of mortality compared with resumed drivers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51, 3.83), with no difference between continued and resumed drivers (aOR = 1.22; 95% CI = 0.74, 1.99). Discussion Those who resumed driving had better survival than those who did not. Practice implications include driver rehabilitation and retraining to safely promote and prolong driving.

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