Why the Heck Did That Happen?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Blake E. Ashforth
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Organizational Practice ◽  
Organizational Life ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Research Questions

Theory is the lifeblood of scholarship, but the art of theory-building remains quite mysterious. Using his own experiences as a springboard, the author explores the process through which we might attempt to make sense of organizational life for the betterment of organizational practice. He discusses his own journey from proving answers (the hypothesis-testing facilitated by survey research) to asking questions (the hypothesis-generating facilitated by qualitative research) and considers how to translate an overarching research passion into research interests and specific research questions. The author offers a detailed look at how he and his coauthors build theory when their intent is to blaze a new path rather than simply pave an old one. He also briefly discusses research collaborations, the review process, and career considerations if you’re thinking about pursuing path-blazing ideas. His hope is that you’ll finish this chapter with the confidence to call yourself what you already are, at least implicitly—a theorist.

scholarly journals Asking Questions in the Qualitative Research Context

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francislê Neri de Souza ◽  
Dayse Neri ◽  
António Costa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Internal Coherence

Research is based on a constant questioning process. All researchers should ask questions in every research phase, what is read, the research design definition, data analysed and the way they are discussed and how their conclusions are drawn. It is generally accepted that to start scientific research, irrespectively of the area of expertise, the starting point is the drafting of one or more research questions, ordinarily known as a research problem. However, for many, starting with a research programme, the idea of formulating one is always a challenge. Some do not know where to start and question whether the question is well formulated. Given these issues, this paper aims to clarify and reinforce the importance of formulating the research problem and/or question, where to get inspiration for its compilation, what are the steps to be followed for its refinement and what is its usefulness during the research process. We also intend to recommend the use of some software packages that may assist the researcher, during questioning in other research phases, and thus maintain internal coherence throughout the research, as well as obtain an answer to the research question.

OUTDOOR CAMP EFFECTS ON ATHLETES: ORIENTEERING EXAMPLE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (104) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Yıldız ◽  
Pınar Güzel ◽  
Fırat Çetinöz ◽  
Tolga Beşikçi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Outdoor Education ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Research Questions

Background. In this research, we aimed to investigate the effects of outdoor camps on orienteering athletes. Methods. The study group consisted of 74 athletes (44 males and 30 females, aged 11.94 ± 1.32 years) who participated in Bolu outdoor camp on the 3 rd –13 th of August, 2015. Interview technique, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used as data collection tool and content analysis method was used for data analysis. Results. Demographic factors were interpreted after the analysis of the obtained data and three main research questions were discussed under the topics of the views of athletes about the concept of Orienteering which is an outdoor sport, themes and codes regarding the purpose of Orienteering by the students who participated in the outdoor camp, and themes and codes about the outcomes of Orienteering for the students who participated in outdoor camps. Conclusion. It is suggested that a policy must be developed within the Ministry of Youth and Sport and Sport Federations in order to disseminate more deliberate and more comprehensive outdoor education among young people and measures should be taken to provide extensive participation.

Promoting Democracy in a Depressed Economy through Business Education for National Security in Enugu State.

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Emeka Promise u. ◽  
Ohagwu Gold Chiamaka
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
National Security ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Business Education ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Business Educators ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study was carried out to determine the measures for promoting democracy in a depressed economy through business education for national security in Enugu State. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were used for the study. The study adopted a survey research design. The population for the study was 41 business educators from four government owned tertiary institutions in Enugu State. There was no sampling since the population was manageable. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers and validated by the experts. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded an overall index 0.72. Mean and standard deviation were used in answering research questions while hypotheses were tested using t-test. It was found that governmental measures items promoted democracy through business education for national security. The study also revealed that lecturers‟ measures also promotes democracy through business education for national security. It was recommended that: government should make adequate budgetary provision for business education. Democrats should be involved in business teacher‟s conferences and seminars.

Change, Challenges, and Mixed Methods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeasik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Evaluation Strategy ◽  
Validity Criteria ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses three ongoing issues related to the evaluation of qualitative research. First, the chapter considers whether a set of evaluation criteria is either determinative or changeable. Due to the evolving nature of qualitative research, it is likely that the way in which qualitative research is evaluated can change—not all at once, but gradually. Second, qualitative research has been criticized by newly resurrected positivists whose definitions of scientific research and evaluation criteria are narrow. “Politics of evidence” and a recent big-tent evaluation strategy are examined. Last, this chapter analyzes how validity criteria of qualitative research are incorporated into the evaluation of mixed methods research. The elements of qualitative research seem to be fairly represented but are largely treated as trivial. A criterion, the fit of research questions to design, is identified as distinctive in the review guide of the Journal of Mixed Methods Research.

MOOD TYPES OF DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH IN THE ARAB ISLAMIC AMERICAN SUMMIT

CALL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajeng Rahayu ◽  
Hanafi Bilmona
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Research Questions

This research deals with analyzing language from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) from Donald Trump’s speech in the Arab Islamic American Summit. In English, one of types of meaning is Interpersonal meaning. It is realized by mood and modality. This research focuses on mood, then formulated into two research questions: 1) What mood types are used in Donald Trump’s speech in the Arab Islamic American summit? 2) What mood adjuncts are used in Donald Trump’s speech in the Arab Islamic American Summit?. The method used in this research is qualitative research. The source of data is the video of Donald Trump’s speech from Youtube. It was taken from (CNN, 2017) to get the transcript of speech by Donald Trump. It was found that there were 355 clauses in Donald Trump’s speech; there were 4 types of mood in the speech of Donald Trump; there were 337 declaratives mood with percentage 94.92%, 4 Polar-Interrogatives mood with percentage 1.12%, 4 WH-Interrogatives mood with percentage 1.12% and 10 imperatives mood with percentage 2.25%. Declarative as the most dominant types of mood is used in Donald Trump’s, speech which means that he gave or stated information to the audiences. In addition, in Donald Trump’s speech, there are 19 clauses which contain mood adjunct. The findings indicated that there were 3 types of mood adjunct in the speech, namely, 5 adjuncts of modality with percentage 26.31%, 3 adjuncts of temporality with percentage 15.78%, and 11 adjuncts of intensity with percentage 57.89%. The most dominant is adjuncts of intensity which expresses expectation. Keywords: Systemic Functional Linguistics; Mood; Mood Adjunct

WHAT IS OUR “CANON”? HOW AMERICAN INTELLECTUAL HISTORIANS DEBATE THE CORE OF THEIR FIELD

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID A. HOLLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
American Intellectual History

These selected excerpts from a conversation now running nearly a quarter-century about The American Intellectual Tradition: A Sourcebook exemplify the efforts made by specialists in American intellectual history to decide just what constitutes the core of their field. An anthology designed for undergraduates has practical limitations, to be sure, that prevent its table of contents from ever serving as a complete map of a field. Specific research questions, not arguments over canons, properly remain the deepest center of gravity of any cohort of scholars. But assignments to students are one important indicator of what scholar–teachers take to be important, and these assignments are not unrelated to choices these same individuals make about the topics of their monographic contributions. Hence the lively correspondence that my coeditor, Charles Capper, and I have carried on with dozens of colleagues concerning the six editions of the only collection of sources for this field currently in print offers a window on how American intellectual history has changed in the last generation and what are its current directions.

scholarly journals The Preregistration Revolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
Charles R. Ebersole ◽  
Alexander Carl DeHaven ◽  
David Thomas Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Hindsight Bias ◽  
Hypothesis Generation ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Ideal

Progress in science relies on generating hypotheses with existing observations and testing hypotheses with new observations. This distinction between postdiction and prediction is appreciated conceptually, but is not respected in practice. Mistaking generation of postdictions with testing of predictions reduces the credibility of research findings. However, ordinary biases in human reasoning such as hindsight bias make it hard to avoid this mistake. An effective solution is to define the research questions and analysis plan prior to observing the research outcomes--a process called preregistration. A variety of practical strategies are available to make the best possible use of preregistration in circumstances that fall short of the ideal application, such as when the data are pre-existing. Services are now available for preregistration across all disciplines facilitating a rapid increase in the practice. Widespread adoption of preregistration will increase distinctiveness between hypothesis generation and hypothesis testing and will improve the credibility of research findings.

scholarly journals MAPPING THE CONCEPT OF A GOOD SCHOOL WITH TEACHERS’ CHARACTERISTICS IN THE CONTEXT OF A GOOD SCHOOL CONCEPT

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Roma KRIAUČIŪNIENĖ ◽  
VILIJA TARGAMADZĖ
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
General Education ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Good School ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
School Concept

Aim. The concept of Good School was formed in 2015, however, the implementation of it has been rather slow. Therefore, the research aim of this article is to identify the educational experts’ viewpoints on the concept. The following questions have been raised to specify the aim: if the concept of the school of general education, presented as Good School, is adequately understood, what features should a teacher have in order to implement the concept of Good School? Methods. To answer the research questions a qualitative research by using structured interviews was carried out, i.e. experts’ written surveys were analyzed. The study revealed three positions that are discussed in this article: the concept of Good School, the mission and teachers’ features, which are interpreted in the context of the concept of Good School, albeit in a particular way. Results. The analysis of the empirical research data revealed that insufficient emphasis is placed on the value aspect, modelling of community-based school activities and their reflection. The research findings also showed that there has been a considerable lack of attention paid to some of the teacher's competences – there has been a lack of experts’ focus on the personalization of the educational content, its construction in the interaction with the elements of the pedagogical system, the reflection of pedagogical activities, and others. Conclusions. The concept of Good School is understood by the experts as a map, a conceptual idea, a guideline unfolding the schools’ specificity. The implementation of the concept of Good School should be based on the ideas of constructionism  that open the pathways of common  development,  realization, and improvement of Good School.

scholarly journals INSECURITY AND NIGERIA’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A SURVEY

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
James WOJUADE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Frequency Counts

This study examined insecurity as the bane of Nigeria’s socio-economic development. The study adopted a descriptive survey research. The study was guided by two research questions. The participants for this study comprised one hundred and fifty (150) educated people/youth selected from Ona-Ara local government area of Ibadan metropolis. Insecurity as the bane of socio-economic development in Nigeria questionnaire was the instrument used for this study. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentage. Findings revealed that ethno-religious conflicts and unemployment are among the factors responsible for insecurity in Nigeria. Social dislocation, population displacement, disruption of family and communal life are some of the impacts of insecurity on Nigeria’s socio-economic development. It is recommended that government should ensure that social security programme is pursued and systematically implemented to ensure that the populace meets their basic needs.

scholarly journals "Me and my students' smartphones in the classroom": A case study using arts-based methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Eleni Vakali ◽  
Alexios Brailas
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Arts Based Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Basic Features

There is a new area flourishing within qualitative research based on methods using all forms of art: music, theatre, visual arts, and literature. In this paper we present an overview of the basic features of arts-based research; emphasizing on their meaning on education research, on the freedom of expression given to the participants in the research, and on the method the researcher applies to evaluate the collected data. We then present an arts-based research case study where the research questions relate to teachers’ reactions to the use of smartphones by students in the classroom. In this case study, teachers, especially those working on secondary education, are invited to portray their thoughts, emotions, and images that respond to these questions by painting them on a paper using markers. The findings show that the majority of the teachers are negative about the children using their smartphone in the classroom, along with evidence for teachers’ emotional response and how to confront the phenomenon.

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