Epilogue

Author(s):  
Alex Maltman

We have seen in previous chapters how grapevines interact with rocks and soils, and in Chapter 10 I discussed the role of geology in terroir. But a question remains, one that is probably uppermost in the mind of many a wine lover: to what extent does geology affect the taste of the wine in your glass? I argued in Chapter 9 that the perception of a mineral taste in wine can’t have a literal meaning, but what about other tastes ascribed to geology? We might reasonably expect that the geological influences on vine growth have at least some role in wine flavor, but what? Many populist wine writings imply that the answers to such questions are clear-cut, but unfortunately they aren’t. Claims are routinely made in wine descriptions that sound fine but that don’t easily tally with scientific understanding. In other words, there’s some divergence between popular beliefs and scientific understanding of the geology—wine flavor connection. Part of the explanation may be that many of the populist assertions seem to be based on custom and on anecdote—narratives passed on enthusiastically but unquestioningly between wine fans. Two situations are common. First, a description of a wine casually mentions the kind of geology where it originated, implying a significance but without any justification or indication of how it might come about. I give illustrations of this in the following section. Second, some character of a wine is ascribed to particular rocks and soils but without providing any rationale. For example, a Riesling from Kamptal’s Gaisberg vineyard (Austria) is said to have “complexity because of the slaty para-gneiss, amphibolite, and mica” soils. But there’s no indication of how these two very specific rock types together with this particular mineral bring this complexity about.

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 87-113
Author(s):  
Marta Ungermanová

This paper describes the syntactic properties of three types of locative complements in Czech that are compatible with verbs of movement. The distinction between these complements (each with its own interpretation) is made in the first place on the basis of several formal criteria (in particular, involving the rich Czech morphology), and, in addition, on semantic criteria. It is examined whether there exists sufficient correspondence between these criteria, and in particular, to what extent they can satisfactorily classify locative complements into essential and circumstantial ones. It is shown that there is no clear-cut distinction between these two categories of locative complements with Czech movement verbs. Furthermore, the syntactic role of the locative complements is shown to depend mainly on the verb, but also on other elements of the sentence. Finally, on the basis of several examples, it is argued that, on the one hand, the form of the complement does not predict its syntactic role and interpretation and, on the other hand, that two different forms can share the same syntactic role and interpretation.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259019
Author(s):  
Iris Berent ◽  
Melanie Platt

Despite advances in its scientific understanding, dyslexia is still associated with rampant public misconceptions. Here, we trace these misconceptions to the interaction between two intuitive psychological principles: Dualism and Essentialism. We hypothesize that people essentialize dyslexia symptoms that they anchor in the body. Experiment 1 shows that, when dyslexia is associated with visual confusions (b/d reversals)—symptoms that are naturally viewed as embodied (in the eyes), laypeople consider dyslexia as more severe, immutable, biological, and heritable, compared to when dyslexia is linked to difficulties with phonological decoding (a symptom seen as less strongly embodied). Experiments 2–3 show that the embodiment of symptoms plays a causal role in promoting essentialist thinking. Experiment 2 shows that, when participants are provided evidence that the symptoms of dyslexia are embodied (i.e., they “show up” in a brain scan), people are more likely to consider dyslexia as heritable compared to when the same symptoms are diagnosed behaviorally (without any explicit evidence for the body). Finally, Experiment 3 shows that reasoning about the severity of dyslexia symptoms can be modulated by manipulating people’s attitudes about the mind/body links, generally. These results show how public attitudes towards psychological disorders arise from the very principles that make the mind tick.


Author(s):  
Ester MANZANO PELÁEZ ◽  
Marta SABATÉ SOLANES

Laburpena: Helburu orokorrago eta handinahiago bat burutzeko ezarri da telelana Generalitat-ean: lan-modu berriak ezartzeko. Zentzu horretan, helburu hori aurrera eramateko eragile pragmatiko eta abiarazle gisa jotzen da telelana. Telelana arautzen duen arau-esparrua oinarrizkoa eta beharrezkoa izan arren, horretaz gainera hainbat elementu landu behar dira: mugigarritasuneko lan-profilaren definizioa, beharrezko ekipamenduen hornidura, azpiegituren eta sistemen prestakuntza, heziketa, inguru digitalen erabilera, talde-arduradunaren eginkizuna eta gaitasun digitalen jabetzea, besteak beste. Hortaz, telelana aldaketa kulturala behar du nahitaez, eta horretarako, langile publikoei ekimen zehatzen bidez lagundu behar diegu eta aldaketak sortzen dituen beldurrak gainditu behar ditugu. Telelana abiarazteak estrategia argia behar du, hainbat erabaki hartzeaz aparte. Erabaki horien artean hurrengoak ditugu: nor eta zenbat denboraz aritu daiteke telelanean? Zer bitarteko daude? Nola prestatuko gara? Segurtasunez lan egingo al dugu? Laburbilduz, telelanak lidergo-ereduaren aldaketak dakartza berekin. Lider kontrolatzailea lider bideratzaile bihurtu beharko da, produktibitatearen neurrian eta emaitzak era nabarmenean helburu izanda, eta konfiantza inposatuko da zer bitarteko bidez eta zer denbora tartean egin behar den argi badago. Abstract: The introduction of teleworking to the Catalan Government responds to a more general and ambitious intention which is the incorporation of the new working methods. Teleworking is therefore conceived as the pragmatic and accelerating lever which enables progress to be made in this respect. Although the normative framework which regulates telework is basic and necessary, work must also be carried out on a series of elements such as definition of the profile of the mobile work, providing the necessary equipment, the preparation of infrastructures and systems, training, the use of digital environments, the role of the team leader and the acquisition of digital skills. Thus, teleworking is only possible if it is associated with a cultural change and, to achieve this, we must accompany the publicly employed staff with specific initiatives and overcome the fears the change instills in us. The promotion of teleworking requires a clear-cut strategy and the making of decisions with respect to questions such as: Who can telework and for how long? What means are available? How do we prepare for it? Are we working with security? etc. At the end of the day, teleworking entails changes of paradigm in leadership, shifting from the controlling leader to the facilitator, according to productivity, with a clear-cut focus on results, where confidence takes hold provided that what has to be done is clearly established, with what means and in what period of time. Resumen: La introducción del teletrabajo en la Generalitat responde a un propósito más general y ambicioso como es la incorporación de las nuevas formas de trabajo. En este sentido, el teletrabajo se concibe como la palanca pragmática y aceleradora que permite avanzar en este propósito. Si bien el marco normativo que regula el teletrabajo es básico y necesario se precisa, además, trabajar una serie de elementos como son la definición del perfil de trabajo en movilidad, la dotación del equipo necesario, la preparación de la infraestructuras y sistemas, la formación, la utilización de los entornos digitales, el rol del responsable de equipo y la adquisición de las competencias digitales. Por tanto, el teletrabajo solo es posible si lleva asociado un cambio cultural y, para ello, debemos acompañar al personal empleado público con iniciativas concretas y superar los miedos que nos produce el cambio. El impulso del teletrabajo requiere de una estrategia clara y de la toma de decisión ante cuestiones tales cómo ¿quién puede teletrabajar y durante cuánto tiempo? ¿con qué medios se cuenta? ¿cómo nos preparamos? ¿trabajamos con seguridad?, etc. En resumen, el teletrabajo lleva asociados cambios de paradigma en el liderazgo pasando del líder controlador al facilitador, en la medida de la productividad con una orientación clara a resultados, donde la confianza se impone siempre y cuando se tenga claro qué hacer, con qué medios y en qué periodo de tiempo.


Author(s):  
Elaine Hatfield ◽  
Richard L. Rapson ◽  
Jeanette Purvis

What’s Next in Love and Sex is a comprehensive examination of contemporary academic findings relating to all matters of the mind, body, and heart in the modern world. Written by one of the pioneers of love and sex research, Dr. Hatfield, along with her colleagues Dr. Rapson and Dr. Purvis, this book relies on contemporary scientific findings to provide an updated and relevant explanation for why we do the things we do when we’re in love, searching for love, making love, or attempting to keep a faltering relationship together. It addresses such topics as the role of social media in love and sex, the hookup generation, robots, avatars, fantasy sex, virtual pornography, interactive sex, and the future, as well as the benefits, and pain of love. This book will give young people an in-depth scientific understanding of contemporary love and sex while still providing a light-hearted, accessible, and entertaining read.


2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 89-116
Author(s):  
Wiesław Banyś

The presented text will touch on the issue too often neglected in studies of pragmatemes, namely the role of prosody in determining what is a pragmateme and what is not. First, the analyses of prosody and of its role in the determination and functioning of various linguistic phenomena (informational structure of the sentence, presupposition, relative propositions) are reviewed, then the definitions of pragmatems by I. Mel’čuk and X. Blanco with S. Mejri are presented, to move on, at the end, to analyse the role of prosody in the determination of the pragmatematical or non-pragmatematical status of constructions through analyses of cases of pragmatemes that should not be qualified in this way without precise indications on prosody. The point is that even if mistakes are made in the spelling or transcription, the actual pronunciation of the constructions in a concrete enunciation situation must be suitable for the construction in question to function as a pragmateme. It is a suitable intonation which, with the appropriate context, makes construction a pragmateme — the intonation is thus truly (co-)generating the meaning of the construction — otherwise the construction would have its literal meaning. This finding also invites us to make a detailed study, from this point of view, of as many of the expressions qualified as pragmatems as possible, and to include the decisive prosodic information in dictionary entries of this type of expression.


Author(s):  
Ronald Hoinski ◽  
Ronald Polansky

David Hoinski and Ronald Polansky’s “The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism” shows how the general tendencies of contemporary philosophy of science disclose a return to the Aristotelian emphasis on both the formation of dispositions to know and the role of the mind in theoretical science. Focusing on a comparison of Michael Polanyi and Aristotle, Hoinski and Polansky investigate to what degree Aristotelian thought retains its purchase on reality in the face of the changes wrought by modern science. Polanyi’s approach relies on several Aristotelian assumptions, including the naturalness of the human desire to know, the institutional and personal basis for the accumulation of knowledge, and the endorsement of realism against objectivism. Hoinski and Polansky emphasize the promise of Polanyi’s neo-Aristotelian framework, which argues that science is won through reflection on reality.


2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-243
Author(s):  
Irit Degani-Raz

The idea that Beckett investigates in his works the limits of the media he uses has been widely discussed. In this article I examine the fiction Imagination Dead Imagine as a limiting case in Beckett's exploration of limits at large and the limits of the media he uses in particular. Imagination Dead Imagine is shown to be the self-reflexive act of an artist who imaginatively explores the limits of that ultimate medium – the artist's imagination itself. My central aim is to show that various types of structural homologies (at several levels of abstraction) can be discerned between this poetic exploration of the limits of imagination and Cartesian thought. The homologies indicated here transcend what might be termed as ‘Cartesian typical topics’ (such as the mind-body dualism, the cogito, rationalism versus empiricism, etc.). The most important homologies that are indicated here are those existing between the role of imagination in Descartes' thought - an issue that until only a few decades ago was quite neglected, even by Cartesian scholars - and Beckett's perception of imagination. I suggest the use of these homologies as a tool for tracing possible sources of inspiration for Beckett's Imagination Dead Imagine.


Author(s):  
Petar Halachev ◽  
Victoria Radeva ◽  
Albena Nikiforova ◽  
Miglena Veneva

This report is dedicated to the role of the web site as an important tool for presenting business on the Internet. Classification of site types has been made in terms of their application in the business and the types of structures in their construction. The Models of the Life Cycle for designing business websites are analyzed and are outlined their strengths and weaknesses. The stages in the design, construction, commissioning, and maintenance of a business website are distinguished and the activities and requirements of each stage are specified.


Author(s):  
Stephen Yablo

Aboutness has been studied from any number of angles. Brentano made it the defining feature of the mental. Phenomenologists try to pin down the aboutness features of particular mental states. Materialists sometimes claim to have grounded aboutness in natural regularities. Attempts have even been made, in library science and information theory, to operationalize the notion. However, it has played no real role in philosophical semantics, which is surprising. This is the first book to examine through a philosophical lens the role of subject matter in meaning. A long-standing tradition sees meaning as truth conditions, to be specified by listing the scenarios in which a sentence is true. Nothing is said about the principle of selection—about what in a scenario gets it onto the list. Subject matter is the missing link here. A sentence is true because of how matters stand where its subject matter is concerned. This book maintains that this is not just a feature of subject matter, but its essence. One indicates what a sentence is about by mapping out logical space according to its changing ways of being true or false. The notion of content that results—directed content—is brought to bear on a range of philosophical topics, including ontology, verisimilitude, knowledge, loose talk, assertive content, and philosophical methodology. The book represents a major advance in semantics and the philosophy of language.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-113
Author(s):  
Nathalia Gleyce dos Santos Salazar

Resumo:  Apresenta-se uma discussão sobre o conhecimento e a tese dos três mundos no qual a interação entre estes nos aproxima da verdade do problema corpo-mente, tendo em vista, uma nova proposta de solução. O terceiro mundo é uma peça importante neste trabalho; sendo assim, analisaremos o que Popper designa como Mundo 3, em que ele consiste e o papel da linguagem como diferencial do ser humano. Apresentamos as críticas popperianas às correntes monistas e dualistas, ousando fazer uma crítica a Teoria do Conhecimento tradicional. Desta forma, a proposta apresentada por este filósofo da ciência diferencia-se de tudo que estava sendo feito até então, por isso, o interesse de apresentar essa abordagem pouco trabalhada de Popper. Palavras-chave: Conhecimento. Corpo-Mente. Mundo 3.Abstract: In this work, we present a discussion about knowledge and the theory of the three worlds in which the interaction between them approaches to the truth of the mind-body problem, in view of a proposed solution. The third world is an important piece in this work. Therefore, we will analyze what Popper describes as World 3, what it is and the role of language as a differential of human beings. We present Popper’s criticisms to the monistic and dualistic currents, daring to criticize the theory of traditional knowledge. Thus, the proposal of science presented by this philosopher differs from everything that was being done until then. This explains the interest in presenting this unusual approach to Popper.Keywords: Knowledge. Body-Mind.  World 3. REFERÊNCIASLEAL-TOLEDO, Gustavo . Popper e seu Cérebro. Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Série Filosofia, v. XXIII, p. 59-68, 2007.POPPER, Karl Raimund. A Lógica da Pesquisa Científica. Tradução de Leonidas Hegenberg e Octanny Silveira de Mota.  São Paulo: editora Cultrix. 2007.POPPER, Karl Raimund. Conhecimento Objetivo: uma abordagem evolucionária. Tradução de Milton Amado.  Belo Horizonte, Ed. Itatiaia Ilimitada. São Paulo, Ed. Da Universidade São Paulo, 1975._______.  O Conhecimento e o Problema Corpo –Mente. Tradução Joaquim Alberto Ferreira Gomes. Lisboa, Ed. 70. 1996.   _______. Conjecturas e Refutações: o desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico. Trad. Benedita Bettencourt. Ed. Livraria Almedina, 2006._______.  O Eu e Seu Cérebro. Karl Popper, Jonh C. Eccles;Tradução Silvio Meneses Garcia, Helena Cristina F. Arantes e Aurélio Osmar C. de Oliveira. – Campinas, SP: Papirus; Brasília, DF: Editora Universidade de Brasília. 1991.   _______. O Racionalismo Crítico na Política. Tradução de Maria da Conceição Côrte – Real. Brasília, Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2ª edição, 1994, 74p.SEARLE, John R. La construcción de la realidad social. Trad. Antoni Domènech. Barcelona: Paidós Ibérico, 1995.  


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