Peer Groups and Tamil Identity inside and outside Schools

Author(s):  
Christina P. Davis

Chapter 5 examines how the Tamil girls and boys at Hindu College managed different forms of monitoring and the reproducing of ethnicity inside and outside school. In school their Tamil identities were continually reinforced in relation to their linguistic practices. Outside school they navigated a Sinhala-majority setting, where the very act of speaking Tamil could be considered inappropriate, offensive, or even a security threat. The youth moved through and created different kinds of interactional spaces to which others were not privy—in classrooms, outside school, in groups, and traveling alone. This chapter argues that studies of youth interactions look beyond more obvious school/nonschool comparisons to analyze how participant frameworks dynamically mediate linguistic and social behavior. It also shows how the Hindu College youth managed their status as lower-class ethnic minorities by building Tamil cocoons around themselves to insulate them in Sinhala-majority public spaces.

LingVaria ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2(32)) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Zofia Berdychowska

Urban Communication and Its Influence on Standards of Behaviour in the Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic The SARS-Cov-2 virus pandemic made it necessary to implement new standards of behaviour in public spaces. As instruments of communication, brief messages in a generally accessible public space aimed at limiting infections by changing social behaviour. This way, such messages contributed to modifying public space in its physical, social and communicative aspects. The article attempts to capture the communicative and linguistic practices used for this purpose.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-913
Author(s):  
Majd AlBaik ◽  
Wael Al-Azhari

Governments around the world enforced many restrictions according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and tried very hard to minimize spread of epidemic in their countries. One of these restrictions is on using of public spaces that led to create new challenges to think about how we design public spaces and the way of using the most dynamic nearby spaces around us such as streets. The main objectives of this research are to measure the impact of COVID-19 on behavior of local community in public street. And to what extend changed of social behavior in public streets to compensation the absence of public spaces, where they became a breathing space for locals in Amman, Jordan. Also to addresses these questions which are focused on how the local community deals physically with the COVID-19 situation? And what are the changes that are done in their behavior to entertain themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic? Researchers carried out an analysis by using a mixed used approach; qualitative and quantitative methods through executing a questionnaire and a field observation of the study area which is selected. In conclusion, the results of the study showed that activities of local residents have changed between in the lockdown of COVID-19 pandemic and beyond whereas there has been more demand on active lifestyles which is continue after COVID-19 pandemic as new behavior of local residents. although the physical quality of the street are not design to meet new behavior.


Author(s):  
William Adiputra Dharmawan ◽  
Doddy Yuono

Modern people have a demanding and busy life. Jakarta is not an exception. Whose people is growing rapidly in terms of socio economic standing into middle class.This class requires different types and patterns of usage of space. They prefer to live in suburubia, spends time in malls instead of local places, and usually have 9-5 jobs.The mall’s role as a public space is problematic as it can siphon away public life that could’ve happen in local place which can shape a strong sense of place and character. Other than that, malls also requires a significant energy commitment to get to it, doesn’t create community around it, exclusive to lower class people, etc. A local third place is proposed as a solution. To pull back public life into the suburbia. Something smaller in scale, making the visitors into people not mere consumer. A personal place, A place that forms communities, a palce that is local so people don’t have to spend a lot of energy going to the place. A place that is open to all. A Third place. In this final project, the chosen site is right in the middle of a housing complex in Pulomas. Local residents would only have to walk no more than 5 minutes to visit the place. It provides public spaces that are in demand by local residents, such as food hall, gym, study space, archery hall, eventspace, etc in smaller scale. Public life that is stolen from the mall is taken back into the local place, creating a sense of place and community. AbstrakMasyarakat modern memiliki tuntutan kehidupan yang sibuk dan padat. Tidak terkecuali penduduk Jakarta. Yang strata sosio-ekonominya bertumbuh secara cepat menjadi kalangan menengah ke atas. Kalangan ini memiliki kebutuhan ruang dan pola penggunaan ruang yang berbeda. Mereka memilih untuk tinggal di perumahan, menghabiskan waktu di mall dibanding di tempat yang lokal, dan umumnya memiliki pekerjaan 9-5. Penggunaan mall sebagai tempat publik berpotensi menjadi masalah, ketika kehidupan publik yang bisa menjadi karakter suatu tempat di alihkan ke tempat yang anonim seperti  mall. Kurangnya kehidupan publik mengikis sense of place dan social capital yang dimiliki sebuah tempat. Selain itu mall juga membutuhkan komitmen energi yang besar untuk mencapai mall, pengunjung yang tidak menjalin komunitas, ekslusifitas terhadap kalangan menengah kebawah, dlsb. Third place yang lokal di usulkan sebagai solusi, untuk menarik kembali kehidupan publik di perumahan. Sebuah tempat yang mempunyai skala lebih kecil, menjadikan pengunjungnya sesama manusia, personal, membentuk komunitas, lokal sehingga kita tidak perlu banyak energi untuk mengunjungi tempat itu, dan terbuka bagi semua, sebuah third place. Di proyek tugas akhir ini, dipilih site tepat di tengah perumahan, di Pulomas. Warga lokal hanya tinggal jalan kaki tidak lebih dari 5 menit untuk mencapai site. Menyediakan tempat publik skala kecil yang dibutuhkan oleh warga lokal seperti food hall, gym, ruang studi, lapangan panahan, eventspace, lounge, dll. Kehidupan publik yang sebelumnya dicuri oleh mall dan tempat lain dilokalisasikan, menciptakan sebuah sense of place, dan sense of community.


Author(s):  
Laura Gilliam

Laura Gilliam: The Good Will and the Wild Children. The Paradox of Civilizing in the Danish School Based on fieldwork in three Danish schools, this article focuses on the school’s project of transforming children into civilized citizens and the consequences this have for teachers’ work with children, and for children’s practices, social categories and construction of identity. It is argued that the civilizing project directed towards the groups regarded as the uncivilized of society: children, lower social classes and ethnic minorities, often results in these groups’ identification with uncivilized behavior. This paradox of civilizing is seen in the three classes, where an extensive focus on learning to be “social” and on adjusting all non-social behavior, make the teachers mark quite a few children as socially problematic, just like making trouble and other rejections of “civilised behaviour” become a relevant factor for the children’s social relationships in school, for their understanding of their own and other social categories and a relevant tool for their agency in school and relation to society. Due to the paradox of civilizing and the institutional logics of school, the children who reject the civilized ideal like this and come to identify against society, are often the gendered and ethnic categories, which the school is most eager to integrate and civilize. Keywords: Civilizing, the Danish school, opposition, ethnic minorities, institutional logics, identity. 


2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domna Banakou ◽  
Konstantinos Chorianopoulos

In this article, we investigate the effects of avatars’ appearance on user sociability in 3D virtual worlds. In particular, we study gender and appearance differences in social communication preferences and behavior in virtual public spaces. For this purpose, we have employed the virtual ethnographic method, which is an adaptation of traditional ethnography for the study of cyberspace. Although we only employed nine users who used four different avatars, we observed a cumulative of more than two hundreds social encounters. We found that users with more elaborate avatars had a higher success rate in their social encounters, than those users with the default avatars. Most notably, female users selected to speak with male avatars much more frequently, when using the attractive avatar, which indicates a self-confidence effect induced by the appearance of the personal avatar.


Janus Head ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
Marty Roth ◽  

This article surveys the discursive turns of a conventional historical trope: the change in the valence of alcohol (and drugs) from happy to miserable. This change is commonly told as the story of a golden age of drinking and a fall into addiction (although there is a confused relationship in many of the stories between a condition called medical alcoholism and the social behavior of drunkenness). This fall is variously dated from the fifteenth to the late nineteenth centuries (both the conceptualization and the fact of alcoholism). Is this real historical change or only nominal change? Was alcoholism unknown in previous ages or has it always been around? Certain material factors (supply, absence of alternative drinks) may have impeded the visibility of alcoholism. The theory of nominal change is involved with factors like conspiratorial behavior, the conditions of scientific knowledge (i.e., the structure of investigation itself ), the baffles of categorization (heavy drinking was hidden within gluttony for most of history). Real change involves various facets of modernity and industrial capitalism: individualism and privacy, temperance, respectability, and rigid class formation, etcetera. But this shift is also a movement across class lines, from middle to lower-class drinkers.


Author(s):  
Nikoleta Milosevic

Cooperation between a family and school makes provisions for solving problems students face in their interpersonal relations and academic achievement. We are singling out a view of the effects of a micro-system on child's development, which states that immediate interrelations in a micro-system - a family - can effect interrelations in another micro-system -peer groups - or can effect academic achievement. The majority of authors agree that modes and spheres of influences that family exerts are numerous and diverse and that they depend on characteristics of a broader social and cultural community where a child is growing up as well as on parents' abilities and preparations. How successful the family-school cooperation will be is largely determined by teacher's personality and the way he/she is communicating with parents. A joint planning and implementation of decisions reached, identical norms of behavior, commonly adopted goals are a prerequisite for a child's normal development. It is pointed out that school should plan and organize its activities (courses, seminars, forums lectures, discussions), so as to popularize knowledge of pedagogy and psychology among parents as well as teacher training in communication competence.


2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMANDA GILBERTSON

AbstractDrawing on twelve months of fieldwork in suburban Hyderabad, this paper explores the double binds experienced by middle-class young women as they attempt to meet the competing demands of ‘respectable’ and ‘fashionable’ femininity. For middle-class women, respectability requires purposeful movement, demure posture and modest clothing when in public, as well as avoidance of lower-class spaces where men congregate. Status can, however, also be achieved through more revealing fashionable clothing and consumption in elite public spaces. Whilst respectability for some sections of the middle class necessitates avoidance of even platonic relationships with the opposite sex, upper middle-class informants encourage heterosociality and for some upper middle-class and elite youth pre-marital romance is a form of ‘fashion’ due to its location in high-status spaces of leisure and consumption. The tensions described in this paper reveal the fragmentation of Hyderabad's middle class and the barriers to social mobility experienced by women for whom the relationship between legitimate cultural capital and feminine modesty is becoming increasingly complex.


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim F. Liao ◽  
Adam Rule ◽  
Ryanne Ardisana ◽  
Alexandra Knitcher ◽  
Amanda Mayo ◽  
...  

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Braza ◽  
Paloma Braza ◽  
Maria Rosario Carreras ◽  
José Manuel Muñoz

Sex differences in activities of preschoolers were assessed during free-play time from observation of the behavior of 31 children (23 girls, 8 boys; M = 5 yr.). These differences were noted for the time girls and boys spent in the activities considered, boys spending more time in rough-and-tumble play and in agonistic activities and girls in organised games such as games with rules and role-play in addition to affiliative activities. Sex differences could be detected also in the distribution of time among various activities of the children during free-play in the three terms of the school year under consideration. From a developmental perspective, gender plays a fundamental role in the formation of play-networks in the first peer encounters. These peer groups, sexually segregated, are structuring and organizing during the academic year so “distinctive cultures” for boys and girls, besides consolidating this segregation facilitate the acquisition of advantageous social skill for later life.


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