Four Swedish verbs and a functional distinction

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Annie Zaenen ◽  
Elisabeth Engdahl
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Electronic Data ◽  
Mixed Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
Clausal Complements ◽  
Swedish Data

Dalrymple and Lødrup (2000) propose that (tensed) clausal complements have the OBJ function in some languages, the COMP function in others and both functions in still another set. They treat Swedish as a mixed language. In this chapter, Zaenen and Engdahl look more closely at Swedish data discussed in the chapter and supplement them as more electronic data have become available and some of the criteria used have been refined (as is also documented in more recent work by Lødrup (2002), Lødrup (2004), and Lødrup (2012) for Norwegian). Their investigation also illustrates that two related issues need further study: the status of agent phrases in the various forms of passive in Swedish and the status of DP complements in some of the alternations with sentential complements.

THE STUDY OF COMPLEMENTARY COMPLEXES IN MODERN GRAMMAR SCHOOLS

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
O. Tuhai
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Internal Argument ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Status ◽  
Clausal Complementation ◽  
Communicative Approach ◽  
Clausal Complements ◽  
Form Feature

The article focuses on the basic theoretical approaches to the analysis of complementary complexes in modern grammar paradigms. The phenomenon of clausal complementation has been presented. Subordinate sentences are characterized as object clausal complements with the status of a core internal argument of the main predicate. Grammatical configuration and functioning of finite/infinitive complementary sentences in English have been revealed. Grammatical status of clauses under the study is postulated as object predication or the internal verbal complement in the function of an object. Grammatical indicators of finite sentences are analyzed considering specific that/wh- markers of complementation, semantics of matrix verbs as well as temporal tense-form feature in a verbal phrase. Grammatical configuration of infinitive sentences is denoted by to-/wh-markers and noun phrases in a certain case. Identifying criteria of verbal clausal complements have been distinguished. Morphology of the predicate, internal/external syntax of a complementary construction are grounded as leading features of their definition. Typology of verbal complementation in terms of transitivity, complement attachment to the perculia part of speech, functional communicative approach has been reviewed. General monotransitive, complex-transitive and ditransitive complementation has been outlined. When being attached to a particular language constituent a clause is determined as nominal, adjective or verbal complement. Due to communicative peculiarity finite subordinate clauses are positioned as content declarative, interrogative and exclamative.

The Goniatite Zones of the Namurian

1945 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. S. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Faunal Succession ◽  
The Status ◽  
Zones And Subzones

Recent work, both published and unpublished, has considerably increased our knowledge of the goniatite succession in the Namurian of western Europe and the various zones and subzones can now be defined more precisely than hitherto. The major divisions of the Namurian of most value are the former “genus zones” each now raised to the status of an age. Names for these divisions were instituted by Bisat (1928), and were redefined by Hudson and Cotton (1943). The various zones and subzones into which the stages are divided are shown on page 2. The zones differ little from those of previous authors: an attempt has been made to give them equal value and, where possible, the zonal indices in any one stage are of the same genus, thus helping to avoid the confusion caused by the choice as zonal indices of forms of different faunal phase. Neither zonal or subzonal indices are constant in their range in their respective divisions—many of them are confined to a faunal band within the subzone, a few extend into a neighbouring division. The following brief notes are based mainly on the faunal succession of the north of England. The published details of the goniatite faunas in Belgium, Holland, Westphalia, and to a certain extent in Silesia show that the succession there is the same. Comparable forms occur elsewhere as in the Pyrenees, North Africa, Novaya Zemlya, Donetz Basin, Indo-China, Siberia, and U.S.A. The boundaries of the Namurian are those decided on at the Heerlen Congress on Carboniferous Stratigraphy (Jongmans and Gothan, 1937).

scholarly journals Hadron Spectrum from Lattice QCD

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 726-732
Author(s):  
AKIRA UKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Qcd ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Hadron Spectrum ◽  
Strange Quarks ◽  
The Status ◽  
Near Term

A brief review is given of the lattice QCD calculation of the hadron spectrum. The status of current attempts toward inclusion of dynamical up, down and strange quarks is summarized focusing on our own work. Recent work on the possible existence of pentaquark states are assessed. We touch upon the PACS-CS Project for building our next machine for lattice QCD, and conclude with a near-term physics and machine prospects.

Modeling, Fabrication, and Testing of Micro Heat Pipes: An Update

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (10S) ◽  
pp. S175-S183 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Current Test ◽  
The Status ◽  
Micro Heat Pipes ◽  
Made In

In 1992, an overview was presented which summarized the status and progress made in the development of very small, “micro” heat pipes, manufactured as stand alone devices or fabricated as an integral part of silicon wafers. Since that initial review, significant advances have been made in the analysis, fabrication and testing of these devices, for use in a wide variety of applications. Following, is a review of the more recent work in this rapidly emerging field. Included is a summary of the analytical techniques developed, the various proposed methods of fabrication, and a summary of the most current test results achieved to date. Because the fundamental operating characteristics of micro heat pipes larger than 1 mm in diameter are similar to that of conventional heat pipes, this review focuses on the analysis, fabrication, and testing of micro heat pipes with characteristic dimensions of less than 500 μm. Particular emphasis is placed on research, related to the development of arrays of micro heat pipes and flat plate micro heat pipes fabricated as an integral part of semiconductor devices.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the construction o tom, čto as a clausal complement of verbs and nouns in non-standard Russian

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-671
Author(s):  
Mikhail Yu. Knyazev ◽  
◽  
Valeria S. Zarembo ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Status ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Clausal Complements ◽  
Judgment Data ◽  
Acceptability Judgment

The spread of the complementation construction o tom, čto in non-standard Russian in recent decades has been attested in previous work. It has been established that the construction has a wide distribution and can replace not only ordinary complement clauses introduced by the complementizer čto (so-called čto-clauses), cf. podtverždat’ o tom, čto + p ‘confirm that p’ instead of podtverždat’, čto + p, but also so-called to, čto-clauses (čto-clauses preceded by a demonstrative), including those embedded in prepositional phrases introduced by a preposi- tion other than o, cf. ostanovit’sja o tom, čto + p ‘settle on the fact that p’ instead of ostanovit’sja na tom, čto + p. The construction can also appear as a clausal complement of nouns, cf. podtverždenie o tom, čto + p ‘confirmation that p’ instead of podtverždenie togo, čto + p. The latter uses have been reported to lead to a milder violation, compared to the uses of the con- struction with verbs. The present study tested the latter hypothesis experimentally by using acceptability judgment data. The experiment tested the effect of the subcategorization of the matrix predicate (in standard Russian), i. e., whether it takes a direct object/čto-clause or a prepositional phrase (embedding a to, čto-clause). The findings suggest that there is a contrast in the status of clausal complements of verbs and nouns, specifically, that the latter are not genuine complements as has been earlier suggested in literature.

scholarly journals Evolution of human signed networks

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-293
Author(s):  
Patrick Doreian
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balance Theory ◽  
Group Level ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Research ◽  
Human Actors

Two strands of empirical research were based on Heider’s work. One was experimental and remained true to idea that mental affect processes operating within human actors are central while the other jumped to the level of group dynamics and relegated the mental affect processes to the status of background phenomena. By the 1980s, both strands had petered out with little cumulated knowledge. Recently, the ‘group-level’ strand of research has received renewed attention. Much of the recent work, while vigorous, has fallen short precisely because it ignored some of the foundational ideas of Heider. Given this diagnosis, I suggest a new research agenda for structural balance theory that integrates the dynamics of mental affect processes with group-level dynamics.

scholarly journals Nominal licensing in caseless languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELLE SHEEHAN ◽  
JENNEKE VAN DER WAL
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Abstract Case ◽  
Jamaican Creole

This paper provides evidence for a kind of nominal licensing (Vergnaud licensing) in a number of morphologically caseless languages. Recent work on Bantu languages has suggested that abstract Case or nominal licensing should be parameterised (Diercks 2012, Van der Wal 2015a). With this is mind, we critically discuss the status of Vergnaud licensing in six languages lacking morphological case. While Luganda appears to systematically lack a Vergnaud licensing requirement, Makhuwa more consistently displays evidence in favour of it, as do all of the analytic languages that we survey (Mandarin, Yoruba, Jamaican Creole and Thai). We conclude that, while it seems increasingly problematic to characterise nominal licensing in terms of uninterpretable/abstract Case features, we nonetheless need to retain a (possibly universal) notion of nominal licensing, the explanation for which remains opaque.

The Status of Endangered Contact Languages of the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-318
Author(s):  
Nala H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mixed Languages

This article provides an up-to-date perspective on the endangerment that contact languages around the world are facing, with a focus on pidgins, creoles, and mixed languages. While language contact is often associated with language shift and hence language endangerment, languages arising from contact also can and do face the risk of endangerment. Recent observations and studies show that contact languages may be at twice the risk of endangerment and loss compared with noncontact languages. The loss of these languages is highly consequential. The arguments that usually apply to why noncontact languages should be conserved also apply to many of these contact languages. This article highlights recent work on the documentation and preservation of contact languages and suggests that much more can be done to protect and conserve this unique category of languages.

Guaraní-Spanish Jopara Mixing in a Paraguayan Novel

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Estigarribia
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indigenous Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Composite Matrix ◽  
Mixed Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
American Nation

We study the highly idiosyncratic case of Paraguay, the only American nation where an indigenous language has survived as a majority language spoken by the non-indigenous population. Jopara is the name of the commonly used code that mixes Guaraní and Spanish. Characterizations of Jopara in the literature are inconclusive. Some authors call it a variety of Spanish, some a variety of Guaraní, others a new mixed language. The choice of one characterization over the other has important implications for the status of Guaraní vis-à-vis Spanish, especially for Paraguay’s educational and language planning. Here we analyze Jopara as it is represented in the novel Ramona Quebranto (rq-Jopara). We show that this written code is not a variety of either Spanish or Guaraní, nor a mixed language. Rather, it reflects properties of true code-switching. It displays both insertional and alternational characteristics (Muysken, 2000), as well as evidence of a composite matrix language (Myers-Scotton, 2002). We conclude by suggesting rq-Jopara fits best a “mixed lect” scenario (Backus, 2003) and discussing generalization to spoken Jopara.

scholarly journals Digestion, Habit, and Being at Home: Hegel and the Gut as Ambiguous Other

PhaenEx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
JANE DRYDEN
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Philosophy Of Biology ◽  
Biological Individual ◽  
The Status ◽  
At Home

Recent work in the philosophy of biology argues that we must rethink the biological individual beyond the boundary of the species, given that a key part of our essential functioning is carried out by the bacteria in our intestines in a way that challenges any strictly genetic account of what is involved for the biological human. The gut is a kind of ambiguous other within our understanding of ourselves, particularly when we also consider the status of gastro-intestinal disorders. Hegel offers us theoretical tools to describe and understand our relationship to our gut. His description of our selves as continually mediated through otherness is strikingly compatible with the kind of structure contemporary biology presents us with. His accounts of digestion and habit, contextualized by his logic, help point toward an understanding of selfhood as porous and yet still capable of being sufficiently unified for us to make sense of ourselves, one which allows us to acknowledge otherness within us while still having enough unity for agency. 

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