Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 451-466
Author(s):  
Catriona Kelly

The Fifth Congress of Soviet Filmmakers represented a cataclysmic moment of change, but also the onset of a serious crisis for the entire film industry. Filmmakers in the studio had only a vague sense of what the new slogans, “glasnost” and “perestroika,” would mean for them. In the summer of 1986, a frustrating period of stop-start reform began: no sooner were structural and managerial changes achieved in the studio than they were rendered obsolete by fresh directives from the top. In 1987 began the process of setting up new “creative units” that, unlike the old ones, now had financial and managerial autonomy. These rapidly developed their own character, with German’s “First and Experimental Film Studio” championing avant-garde aspirations, while Maslennikov’s “Trinity Bridge” and Tregubovich’s “Ladoga” pursued a more market- and audience-oriented approach. Within a few years, however, younger film artists had outgrown the old mentoring tradition—a landmark was the departure of one of the most talented newcomers, Aleksei Balabanov, to run his own production company. From now on, Lenfilm was to act mainly as a facility for outside companies. However, these changes in the management of production were in the end less significant and less damaging than the impact of commercial distribution. Film production never stopped, and indeed, during the early 1990s, encouraged by influxes of private funding, often from money-laundering, it became easier than ever before to make movies. What became increasingly difficult was reaching the public, as cinema owners and distributors turned their sights on foreign-produced movies.

Author(s):  
Gertjan Plets ◽  
Marin Kuijt

How does corporate sponsorship shape the narration and curation of Dutch history in public museums? This article evaluates the significance and impact of private funding in the Dutch heritage and museum sector. By focusing on three museums that have received funding from Dutch oil and gas companies we foreground specifically the nexus heritage, oil, and funding. We show how a particular type of ‘energy literacy’ is promoted, a narrative that is favourable to the agenda of the gas and oil sector. Our explorations are based on interviews with museum officials, an analysis of policy documents, and a close reading of exhibitions. By describing the impact of oil and gas money on the Dutch heritage sector, this article charts the growing influence of corporate players in the Dutch public cultural sector. Following neoliberal reforms in 2011-2012 promoting cultural entrepreneurship and self-sufficiency, museums and heritage sites had to act even more like businesses and attract sponsorships and gifts from private players. This development is part of a global retraction of the state in the public sector. Our discussion of the intricacies of corporate heritage funding in the Netherlands shows that through a fairly limited investment, enterprises acquire disproportionate outreach and influence in the cultural heritage field, an environment that is generally perceived by the public as reliable and independent.Hoe beïnvloedden private spelers en bedrijven de manier waarop musea de Nederlandse geschiedenis vertellen en presenteren? Dit artikel onderzoekt het belang en de invloed van private financiering in de Nederlandse erfgoed- en museumwereld. We onderzoeken de invloed van de industrie op de publieke erfgoedsector aan de hand van drie musea die in de voorbije decennia geld hebben ontvangen van de Nederlandse olie- en gasindustrie. Dit artikel beschrijft hoe een bepaald ‘energiediscours’ wordt gepromoot in tentoonstellingen, een narratief dat de olie- en gassector in een positief daglicht stelt. De resultaten van dit onderzoek zijn gebaseerd op interviews met medewerkers van musea, een analyse van beleidsdocumenten en een close reading van de tentoonstellingen die worden, of werden, gefinancierd door de industrie. Het artikel brengt de groeiende invloed van private spelers in de Nederlandse cultuursector in kaart door de impact van de olie- en gasindustrie op de Nederlandse erfgoedsector te beschrijven. Het gevolg van neoliberale hervormingen in de periode 2011-2012 is dat cultureel ondernemerschap en financiële onafhankelijkheid worden aangemoedigd, wat er voor zorgt dat het voor musea en erfgoedsites steeds noodzakelijker wordt om zich op te stellen als bedrijven die sponsorcontracten met, en giften van, partners uit de industrie moeten najagen. Deze evolutie is niet eigen aan Nederland en maakt deel uit van een wereldwijde ontwikkeling waarbij de staat zich uit de culturele sector terugtrekt. Onze analyse toont echter dat de unieke financieringsmechanismen voor private spelers in Nederland ervoor zorgen dat bedrijven met een minieme investering een disproportionele zichtbaarheid en invloed verkrijgen in het culturele erfgoedveld, een omgeving die door de bevolking over het algemeen wordt beschouwd als betrouwbaar en onafhankelijk. Actualiteitsparagraaf Besmeurd verledenBMGN-LCHR toont invloed van fossiele industrie op het vertelde verhaal in Nederlandse musea De Nederlandse olie- en gaswinning zijn in toenemende mate controversieel, niet in de laatste plaats door klimaatverandering en de aardbevingsproblematiek in Groningen. Historici Gertjan Plets en Marin Kuijt onderzochten voor BMGN – Low Countries Historical Review (BMGN-LCHR) het belang en de invloed van bedrijven uit deze sectoren, zoals Shell en de NAM, in de museale sector in Nederland. Zij onderzochten die invloed aan de hand van drie musea die de voorbije decennia geld hebben ontvangen van de Nederlandse olie- en gasindustrie: het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum, het Drents Museum en Rijksmuseum Boerhaave. Hun onderzoek, gebaseerd op interviews met medewerkers van musea, een analyse van beleidsdocumenten en een close reading van tentoonstellingen, laat zien dat de fossiele industrie met relatief kleine investeringen veel inhoudelijke invloed weet te vergaren. Gevolg: de belastingbetaler betaalt in feite mee aan de PR en marketing voor de fossiele economie. Video


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Nataliya Vnukova ◽  
Sergii Kavun ◽  
Oleh Kolodiziev ◽  
Svіtlana Achkasova ◽  
Daria Hontar

The study aims at developing an approach to determining the bank connectivity level. This will contribute to implementing a risk-oriented approach to counteracting money laundering, terrorist financing and the proliferation of mass destruction weapons. The article proposes to assess the degree of bank connectivity and determine the impact of these circumstances on money laundering risk using banks from foreign banking groups, whose capital share in the Ukrainian banking system amounts to more than 40 percent. Using the resulting correlation dependencies, two-dimensional binary matrices were constructed, which became the basis for creating graphs of links between banks. The institutions under study are found to be predominantly connected in terms of their sets (varieties), since the average proportion of banks with close direct links is over half, and the non-connectivity coefficient for them is about 40%. Each surveyed bank, on average, has direct links with eight other banks and inverse links with four other banks. Considering banks as tops of the graph, one can assume that there is a hidden relationship between some banks. This approach allows calculating all existing relationships between banks to assess risk. Transforming the graph from non-oriented to oriented made it possible to identify and clearly demonstrate possible directions of links between the investigated financial institutions, which should be further verified to determine the risk of money laundering, terrorist financing, etc.


2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.


Author(s):  
EVA MOEHLECKE DE BASEGGIO ◽  
OLIVIA SCHNEIDER ◽  
TIBOR SZVIRCSEV TRESCH

The Swiss Armed Forces (SAF), as part of a democratic system, depends on legitimacy. Democracy, legitimacy and the public are closely connected. In the public sphere the SAF need to be visible; it is where they are controlled and legitimated by the citizens, as part of a deliberative discussion in which political decisions are communicatively negotiated. Considering this, the meaning of political communication, including the SAF’s communication, becomes obvious as it forms the most important basis for political legitimation processes. Social media provide a new way for the SAF to communicate and interact directly with the population. The SAF’s social media communication potentially brings it closer to the people and engages them in a dialogue. The SAF can become more transparent and social media communication may increase its reputation and legitimacy. To measure the effects of social media communication, a survey of the Swiss internet population was conducted. Based on this data, a structural equation model was defined, the effects of which substantiate the assumption that the SAF benefits from being on social media in terms of broadening its reach and increasing legitimacy values.


2012 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Huong Nguyen Thi Lan ◽  
Toan Pham Ngoc

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public expenditure cuts on employment and income to support policies for the development of the labor mar- ket. Impact evaluation is of interest for policy makers as well as researchers. This paper presents a method – that is based on a Computable General Equilibrium model – to analyse the impact of the public expenditure cuts policy on employment and income in industries and occupations in Vietnam using macro data, the Input output table, 2006, 2008 and the 2010 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey.


Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter

The first chapter of Hieroglyphic Modernisms exposes the complex history of Western misconceptions of Egyptian writing from antiquity to the present. Hieroglyphs bridge the gap between modern technologies and the ancient past, looking forward to the rise of new media and backward to the dispersal of languages in the mythical moment of the Tower of Babel. The contradictory ways in which hieroglyphs were interpreted in the West come to shape the differing ways that modernist writers and filmmakers understood the relationship between writing, film, and other new media. On the one hand, poets like Ezra Pound and film theorists like Vachel Lindsay and Sergei Eisenstein use the visual languages of China and of Egypt as a more primal or direct alternative to written words. But Freud, Proust, and the later Eisenstein conversely emphasize the phonetic qualities of Egyptian writing, its similarity to alphabetical scripts. The chapter concludes by arguing that even avant-garde invocations of hieroglyphics depend on narrative form through an examination of Hollis Frampton’s experimental film Zorns Lemma.


Author(s):  
OLEKSANDR STEGNII

The paper analyses specific features of sociological data circulation in a public space during an election campaign. The basic components of this kind of space with regard to sociological research are political actors (who put themselves up for the election), voters and agents. The latter refer to professional groups whose corporate interests are directly related to the impact on the election process. Sociologists can also be seen as agents of the electoral process when experts in the field of electoral sociology are becoming intermingled with manipulators without a proper professional background and publications in this field. In a public space where an electoral race is unfolding, empirical sociological research becomes the main form of obtaining sociological knowledge, and it is primarily conducted to measure approval ratings. Electoral research serves as an example of combining the theoretical and empirical components of sociological knowledge, as well as its professional and public dimensions. Provided that sociologists meet all the professional requirements, electoral research can be used as a good tool for evaluating the trustworthiness of results reflecting the people’s expression of will. Being producers of sociological knowledge, sociologists act in two different capacities during an election campaign: as analysts and as pollsters. Therefore, it is essential that the duties and areas of responsibility for professional sociologists should be separated from those of pollsters. Another thing that needs to be noted is the negative influence that political strategists exert on the trustworthiness of survey findings which are going to be released to the public. Using the case of approval ratings as an illustration, the author analyses the most common techniques aimed at misrepresenting and distorting sociological data in the public space. Particular attention is given to the markers that can detect bogus polling companies, systemic violations during the research process and data falsification.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1356-1382
Author(s):  
E.V. Olomskaya ◽  
A.A. Aksent'ev

Subject. This article discusses the methodological features of Russian Accounting Standard (PBU) 18/02 Income Tax Accounting when using the balance method to account for deferred taxes. It considers whether the clarification of permanent tax differences is justified, and it analyzes in detail the features of accounting for temporary differences and offers a visual and descriptive method for determining and correlating them in accounts. Objectives. The article aims to justify the reason for linking permanent tax differences to such accounting categories as Income and Expenses. It also aims to develop a methodological toolkit that simplifies the perception of the balance method and demonstrates the procedure for determining temporary differences. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis, synthesis, observation, comparison, and other general scientific methods. Results. The article justifies the clarification of permanent differences from the position of accounting categories. It offers an original approach that helps visually classify temporary differences. The formalization of the balance method helped identify the logic of its reflection in accounting statements. Conclusions and Relevance. To ensure that accounting is not distorted due to the impact of taxation, it is necessary to develop a unified conceptual framework, as well as develop existing methods and introduce new ones that do not contradict the public concept of interaction between accounting and tax accounting. The research results are intended for training, scientific and practical activities of specialists in the field of accounting and audit, as well as students studying under this program, in order to study the features of applying the balance method for accounting for deferred taxes.


Author(s):  
Olena Pikaliuk ◽  
◽  
Dmitry Kovalenko ◽  

One of the main criteria for economic development is the size of the public debt and its dynamics. The article considers the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine. The views of scientists on the essence of public debt and financial security of the state are substantiated. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of public debt of Ukraine for 2014-2019. It is proved that one of the main criteria for economic development is the size of public debt and its dynamics. State budget deficit, attracting and using loans to cover it have led to the formation and significant growth of public debt in Ukraine. The volume of public debt indicates an increase in the debt security of the state, which is a component of financial security. Therefore, the issue of the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine is becoming increasingly relevant. The constant growth and large amounts of debt make it necessary to study it, which will have a positive impact on economic processes that will ensure the stability of the financial system and enhance its security.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-288
Author(s):  
Dlan Ismail Mawlud ◽  
Hoshyar Mozafar Ali

The development of technology, information technology and various means of communication have a significant impact on public relations activity; especially in government institutions. Many government institutions have invested these means in their management system, in order to facilitate the goals of the institution, and ultimately the interaction between the internal and external public. In this theoretical research, I tried to explain the impact of the new media on public relations in the public administration, based on the views of specialists. The aim of the research is to know the use of the new media of public relations and how in the system of public administration, as well as, Explaining the role it plays in public relations activities of government institutions. Add to this, analyzing the way of how new media and public relations participate in the birth of e-government. In the results, it is clear that the new media has facilitated public relations between the public and other institutions, as it strengthened relations between them


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