Childhood (c.100–c.88)

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Susan Treggiari
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Social Education ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rich Household

Stories about the Younger Cato as a child may give some insight into the childhood of his older half-sister, Servilia. She grew up in a rich household, the headquarters of her uncle M. Drusus’s intense political activity. Her academic and social education will have been given by slaves, freedmen, and male and female relations. Drusus, who was trying to enfranchise the Italians, was murdered in his home. Servilia’s father Q. Caepio was killed in war. Servilia and her siblings were left probably to the care of a grandmother, Cornelia. A circle of kin, especially women, was available to provide support, role models, and an involvement with politics.

Atalanta as Model: The Hunter and the Hunted

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Barringer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Vase Painting ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Male Perceptions ◽  
Material Record ◽  
Insight Into

Atalanta, devotee of Artemis and defiant of men and marriage, was a popular figure in ancient literature and art. Although scholars have thoroughly investigated the literary evidence concerning Atalanta, the material record has received less scrutiny. This article explores the written and visual evidence, primarily vase painting, of three Atalanta myths: the Calydonian boar hunt, her wrestling match with Peleus, and Atalanta's footrace, in the context of rites of passage in ancient Greece. The three myths can be read as male and female rites of passage: the hunt, athletics, and a combination of prenuptial footrace and initiatory hunt. Atalanta plays both male and female initiatory roles in each myth: Atalanta is not only a girl facing marriage, but she is also a female hunter and female ephebe. She is the embodiment of ambiguity and liminality. Atalanta's status as outsider and as paradoxical female is sometimes expressed visually by her appearance as Amazon or maenad or a combination of the two. Her blending of gender roles in myth offers insight into Greek ideas of social roles, gender constructs, and male perceptions of femininity. Erotic aspects of the myths of the Calydonian boar hunt and the footrace, and possibly also her wrestling match with Peleus, emphasize Atalanta as the object of male desire. Atalanta challenges men in a man's world and therefore presents a threat, but she is erotically charged and subject to male influence and dominance.

Sex, Coalitions, and Politics in Preindustrial Societies

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobbi S. Low
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Mating Effort ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Male And Female

Broadly defined, political activity normally involves some form of coalition, usually centering upon resource acquisition, and is not restricted to humans. Male and female mammals appear to have evolved to seek and use resources differently—males to get mates (mating effort) and females to raise healthy, successful offspring (parental effort). Because the return curves for these two types of effort differ in shape, several predictions follow about sex differences in political activity. These predictions are tested using the 93 odd-numbered societies of the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Results offer insights into current patterns of male and female political activity in Western societies.

Youth Assets and Sexual Risk Behavior: Differences Between Male and Female Adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisha Mueller ◽  
Lorrie Gavin ◽  
Roy Oman ◽  
Sara Vesely ◽  
Cheryl Aspy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Youth Assets

Youth internal assets and external resources are protective factors that can help youth avoid potentially harmful behaviors. This study investigates how the relationship between youth assets or resources and two sexual risk behaviors (ever had sex and birth control use) varied by gender. Data were collected through in-home interviews from parent—adolescent dyads, including 1,219 females and 1,116 males. Important differences exist between male and female adolescents. Females with the nonparental role models or the family communication resource were more likely to report never having had sexual intercourse than were females without the resources. Among males, the aspirations for the future and responsible choices assets were associated with never having had sexual intercourse. Males and females had two assets or resources in common that were protective of never having had sex: peer role models and use of time (religion). Considering which youth assets and resources are more likely to positively influence sexual behaviors of males and females may be important when planning prevention programs with youth.

Insight into Fetal Androgen Concentrations from Newborn Scalp Hair in Male and Female Rhesus Monkeys

2011 ◽  
pp. P1-308-P1-308
Author(s):  
David H Abbott ◽  
Amber K Edwards ◽  
Andrew T Beine ◽  
Daniel A Dumesic ◽  
Steve Jacoris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals The smell of success: Reproductive success related to rub behavior in brown bears

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247964
Author(s):  
Andrea T. Morehouse ◽  
Anne E. Loosen ◽  
Tabitha A. Graves ◽  
Mark S. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Fitness Component ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rubbing Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Several species of bears are known to rub deliberately against trees and other objects, but little is known about why bears rub. Patterns in rubbing behavior of male and female brown bears (Ursus arctos) suggest that scent marking via rubbing functions to communicate among potential mates or competitors. Using DNA from bear hairs collected from rub objects in southwestern Alberta from 2011–2014 and existing DNA datasets from Montana and southeastern British Columbia, we determined sex and individual identity of each bear detected. Using these data, we completed a parentage analysis. From the parentage analysis and detection data, we determined the number of offspring, mates, unique rub objects where an individual was detected, and sampling occasions during which an individual was detected for each brown bear identified through our sampling methods. Using a Poisson regression, we found a positive relationship between bear rubbing behavior and reproductive success; both male and female bears with a greater number of mates and a greater number of offspring were detected at more rub objects and during more occasions. Our results suggest a fitness component to bear rubbing, indicate that rubbing is adaptive, and provide insight into a poorly understood behaviour.

scholarly journals Brand Endorsers with Role Model Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 67-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Kühn ◽  
Claudia Riesmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Model Function ◽  
Role Construction ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Attitudinal Dimension ◽  
Advertising Literacy ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Performance Dimension

Social media influencers (SMIs) are taking on new roles in the communication environment of their followers as persuasive agents, opinion leaders, brand endorsers, and role models. Taking a look from the perspective of SMIs as agents in the persuasion attempt and their advertising literacy, our study has three aims. First, we provide insight into SMIs‘ self-perception as opinion-leading brand endorsers. Second, we discuss the extent to which SMIs use this awareness of and knowledge about their role model function for their particular young followers. Finally, we show how SMIs actively construct their media persona and how their relationship with their followers is based around this identity. The results from 15 semi-structured, guideline-based interviews conducted in 2019 with German SMIs working in different subject areas (e.g., fitness, fashion, travel, and family) show that SMIs are advertising literate. SMIs are aware of their multiple roles (understanding of one‘s roles: conceptional dimension), and reflect about their media persona‘s role model function (role interpretation: attitudinal dimension). Therefore, the majority of SMIs create their content and their media persona, as well as actively construct their relationship to their followers, based on their knowledge and awareness (role construction: performance dimension).

Architecture of Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Packevich
Keyword(s):  
Planetary System ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

The monograph, on the one hand, examines the period of development of the descending cycle of evolution and the associated progressive changes that show the irreversibility of the processes of formation of the planetary system. The end of one cycle and the beginning of another leads to the transformation of the system of life and the expansion of consciousness at a new energy level. On the other hand, the questions of potential opportunities for the development of the ascending phase of evolution, which goes both along the path of complexity of the organization and along the path of diversity, are considered. In the ascending evolutionary stream, what has been differentiated into the corresponding levels in the descending cycle is brought together and thus prepared to enter into new, more perfect forms of unity. It is shown that the development of humanity along its entire path depends on the interaction of energies of various forms and potentials. Understanding the relationships between different types of energy and their use provides insight into many important issues in the evolution of society. The material introduces the modern features of the existence of the male and female sexes from the energy point of view. The idea of a way out of the current conflict situation that has arisen between the sexes at the present stage of evolution is proposed. It will be useful for those interested in the problems of scientific knowledge, architects, philosophers,historians, physicists and methodologists of science, students and students of secondary schools.

Girls Building Androids and Robots

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-64
Author(s):  
Maya Götz ◽  
Diana Iulia Nastasia ◽  
J. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Educational Television ◽  
The United States ◽  
Children's Television ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Central Institute ◽  
Reception Study ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Insight Into

There is still a considerable degree of catching up to do in regards to fostering gender equality within areas of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math). Children's leading medium, television, could offer role models of girls with competence in STEM areas, but unfortunately television programs often miss this chance. The children's television series Annedroids is a notable exception. This chapter provides insight into how children can be educated about gender equality in STEM with the aid of gender-sensitive media programs such as Annedroids. The chapter examines data from a reception study which was conducted under the leadership of the International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) with 6- to 12-year-old children in the United States and Canada (N = 301). The research is enhanced by a conversation between Dr. Maya Götz, Head of IZI; Dr. Diana Nastasia, a contributor to the IZI research; and J. J. Johnson, the program's creator.

Cultivating Flow and Happiness in Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Tatiana Camila Valencia ◽  
Stephanie Johan Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Creative Expression ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter emphasizes the interrelatedness of three important concepts: flow, creativity, and happiness. In positive psychology, “flow” is identified as a state of consciousness that involves an energized focus as one presently engages in an enjoyed activity. This chapter will help readers understand how to cultivate flow and creativity in their everyday lives and explain why doing so can lead to an enhancement in wellbeing and personal development. The important role of parenting in a child's life will also be addressed as children absorb a vast amount of information from their parents who innately are their first mirroring role models. The authors will also provide insight into personal and societal barriers that may hinder creative expression and the sustainment of happiness.

Men who are Dietitians: Deconstructing Gender within the Profession to Inform Recruitment

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Phillip Joy ◽  
Brandon Gheller ◽  
Daphne Lordly
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
The Status ◽  
Division Ii ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Recruitment Barriers ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose: In Canada, few men are dietitians. Literature is sparse regarding why so few men are drawn to dietetics. This study, part of a larger qualitative study, explores the experiences of men who are dietitians throughout their training and careers using a phenomenology framework. The study examines the meanings participants make about dietetics in relation to recruitment.Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews with 6 men who are dietitians were completed, transcribed, and analyzed.Results: An overarching theme, “experiences and outcomes of a gendered profession”, was related to the participants’ perspectives concerning recruitment into the dietetic profession. Four sub-themes are reported: (i) societal gender division, (ii) gender division within the profession, (iii) isolation from men who are mentors and other men, and (iv) the need to deconstruct and change. The results provide insight into recruitment barriers and potential approaches for increasing the number of men within dietetics, including changing the perceptions of the profession, increasing role models for men, and dismantling gendered practices.Conclusion: Participants believed that increasing men within dietetics would be beneficial and would increase diversity. It is unlikely that recruitment of men will increase if the status quo and gender norms of the profession are not disrupted and challenged.

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