Dealing with Communities

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-231
Author(s):  
Mathias Risse ◽  
Gabriel Wollner

In addition to setting wages, transnational corporations also regularly confront choices about where to locate facilities. This can involve uprooting production to move elsewhere. There is basically no normative work on what issues arise here. This chapter dismisses some unconvincing ways of faulting relocation decisions and explains how complaints about relocation are plausibly understood as complaints about exploitation. It proposes conditions under which relocation is exploitative and explains what policy measures may still render it all-things-considered permissible. At issue is both the decision to relocate from the corporation’s country of origin (often a choice to relocate from the developed to the developing world) and relocation between foreign countries.

Author(s):  
Ayca Sarialioglu Hayali ◽  
Cabir Celik

The COVID-19 pandemic crisis of 2020 with its policy measures and economic impacts has negatively affected the tourism industry, which is regarded as the most negatively affected one due to the nature of the sector, both directly and indirectly. In other words, through its policy measures such as restrictions on travel, it has affected the tourism sector directly, and through its economic impacts such as decreasing GDP per capita and hence total demand, it has influenced the tourism sector indirectly. In this regard, the aim of this study is to empirically investigate the economic impacts of the pandemic on tourism of the developing world for the case of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis of 2020. This is done by a panel data analysis including 38 developing countries for the nine months of 2020, January-September, the ongoing era of pandemic crisis of 2020 considering the available data. The findings support the main hypothesis of the study.


2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Tam ◽  
Soojin Kim

Abstract For decades, the territorial dispute between China and Japan over the sovereignty of the Senkaku Islands has caused diplomatic deteriorations in Sino-Japanese relations. When there is extensive media coverage on news about the dispute, nationalist sentiments in both two countries would be triggered and could be expressed through detrimental behaviors towards transnational corporations (hereinafter TNCs). While TNCs play a significant political function as corporate diplomats for their home countries, they are subject to the risk of crises when their home countries are involved in political and economic conflicts with the foreign countries in which they have operations. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to examine the roles of TNCs with reference to three cases of nationalism-induced crises in China. It proposes relational principles based on which TNCs could implement strategies to mitigate the damage from nationalism-induced crises and contribute to their home countries’ diplomatic goals as corporate diplomats.


2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xu ◽  
Yiye Wu

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of using Twitter on American stakeholders’ crisis appraisal for organizations originated from two foreign countries with distinctively different perceptions. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a 2 (medium: Twitter vs news release)×2 (country-of-origin: China vs France) factorial experiment. The participants (n=393) are recruited through the Amazon Mechanical Turk system (Mturks). Findings – The findings suggest that using Twitter substantially mitigates participants’ negative evaluation of the organization undergoing a crisis. Country-of-origin affects how individuals perceive the organization after it has experienced a crisis. In addition, participants’ product involvement intensifies the reputational threat specifically for the organization with a less favorable country-of-origin perception. Originality/value – This study is one of the few empirically based studies in international public relations research, using an experiment to extrapolate the effects of social media and country-of-origin on consumers’ crisis appraisal. This investigation reinforces the need to consider social media not just at the individual level, but also as a form of communication that can have broader consequences at the organizational level. In addition, it is important for company leaders to understand that the organization’s home country image may exacerbate the negative management outcomes during a crisis. It is expected that this study yields theoretically indicative, empirically informative, and culturally relevant results.


Author(s):  
Arie Indra Gunawan ◽  
Vanessa Gaffar

This paper aims to increase knowledge about the buying intention of halal fast food products. This study examines the influence of the country of origin of halal fast-food providers on purchase intentions. This study also measures the role of religiosity in mediating the relationship between country of origin and purchase intention of halal fast food. This knowledge will be very meaningful because the condition of Indonesia is the largest halal ecosystem, but in the fast-food category, it is dominated by providers from non-Muslim foreign countries. This research is a descriptive study, questionnaires were distributed randomly online via social media, finally getting 245 data from millennial Muslim consumers who could become research respondents. SEM-PLS with the help of statistical software WarpPLS 7.0 is used to explain the research model. This study shows that country of origin affects the purchase intention of halal fast food products, besides this research shows that religiosity is able to moderate country of origin towards the purchase intention of halal fast food. The results of this study reinforce the assumption that country of origin has a significant effect on purchase intention. Especially in fast food products, millennial consumers in Indonesia show that they already have a point of view and perception about the country of origin of halal fast food in Indonesia. Another finding in the study is that religiosity influences the purchase intention of halal fast-food, and has a moderating effect on the country of origin on purchase intention. 


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Ji-Seok Lee ◽  
Hong-Sig Kim ◽  
Tae-Young Hwang

This study was carried out to investigate the variations in protein and isoflavone contents of 300 soybean germplasms introduced from domestic and foreign countries and to compare their contents in terms of size, colour and country of origin. The protein content ranged from 28.7 g 100 g−1 to 44.5 g 100 g−1, with an average of 39.0 g 100 g−1. In a comparison of protein according to country of origin, the highest content was seen in soybeans from Korea (39.7 g 100 g−1), followed by North Korea (39.2 g 100 g−1), China (39.0 g 100 g−1), Japan (38.8 g 100 g−1), the USA (38.0 g 100 g−1) and Russia (37.2 g 100 g−1). The total isoflavone content ranged from 207.0 µg g−1 to 3561.8 µg g−1, with an average of 888.8 µg g−1. In the comparison of isoflavone content according to country, the highest average content was shown in soybeans from Japan (951.3 µg g−1), followed by the USA (918.7 µg g−1), Korea (902.2 µg g−1), North Korea (870.0 µg g−1) and Russia (710.6 µg g−1). Daidzein, glycitein and genistein isoflavone contents were positively correlated, while total isoflavone and protein showed a low negative correlation.


Author(s):  
Valentin Melnik

In implementing trade policy measures, governments usually select from a range of instruments including quotas, subsidies (explicit or implicit) and tariffs. In this paper we consider the potential gain of a government pursuing a two-part trade policy: an import license for entry, along with a per-unit tariff on imports. The model is a three-step game between home and foreign countries in the Cournot duopoly. The paper demonstrates that two-part trade policy is dominant.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 234094442089898
Author(s):  
Xavier Mendoza ◽  
Christian Espinosa-Méndez ◽  
Luis Araya-Castillo

This paper studies how the nature and shape of the relationship between inter- national diversification (ID) and performance (P) may vary according to a firm’s geographical focus of internationalization. Using a sample of Spanish multinational firms for the 2004—2012 period we find an M-shaped relationship. However, significant differences are found when the different geographical foci of internationalization are considered. Strong support is found when firms adopt a regional focus (an inverted S-curve when the ID measure refers to the number of foreign countries and an M-curve when it refers to the size of the network of foreign sub- sidiaries), a biregional focus (an S-curve) and a semiglobal focus (an inverted S-curve but also an M-curve with foreign subsidiaries). These findings and their pattern suggest the critical impor- tance of the country of origin and the geographical focus of internationalization in explaining the relationship between ID—P. JEL CLASSIFICATION C33; F23; G15; L25


Author(s):  
V. Нursky

The article discusses the phenomenon of coordination of industrial policies as a way to resolve the conflict of modern international economic relations. The concept of modern industrial policy in the context of deepening globalization and expansion of international integration is clarified. It is proposed to expand the number of subjects of industrial policy by including transnational corporations, international financial organizations and industrial lobbies of foreign countries. The qualitative changes in the system of international economic relations due to the transformation of the interests of the subjects of industrial interaction are revealed, which increases the role of national industrial policies and causes an objective need for their interstate coordination and subordination.


Author(s):  
Е.И. САКСА

Представленные в статье данные, основанные на результатах оценки племенных качеств голштинских быков в стране происхождения (США) и в хозяйствах Ленинградской области, дают основания считать, что наиболее эффективным критерием отбора быков, выведенных как путем внутрилинейного подбора, так и кросса линий является их племенная ценность по удою. Использование молодых быков со средней геномной оценкой по удою (GEBV) в стране происхождения (США) +73 кг и +375 кг молока привело к снижению удоя в хозяйствах Ленинградской области на -213 и -111 кг молока, соответственно, по результатам оценки быков методом «дочери–сверстницы». Наиболее высокая эффективность  достигнута при использовании производителей со средней геномной оценкой (GEBV) по удою +760 кг молока, в условиях ферм США их оценка по качеству потомства составила +422 кг молока (BLUP AM), в хозяйствах Ленинградской области — +201 кг молока (метод «дочери–сверстницы»). Коэффициент корреляции оценок племенной ценности быков по геному в США и по качеству потомства в хозяйствах Ленинградской области составил по удою 0,514, по содержанию жира 0,584 и белка в молоке — 0,679.. При отсутствии системы, позволяющей производить пересчет данных оценки племенных качеств быков зарубежных стран, товаропроизводителям необходимо использовать для совершенствования продуктивных качеств голштинского скота импортных производителей с геномной оценкой в стране происхождения по удою +600 кг молока и более (с положительной оценкой по экстерьерным и функциональным признакам). The data presented in the article are based on the results of assessment of the breed qualities of Holstein bulls in the country of origin (USA) and on the farms of the Leningrad region and give a reason to believe that the most effective criterion for selecting bulls bred both by intra-line selection and cross-line is their breeding value milk yield. The use of young bulls with an average genomic assessment for milk yield (GEBV) in the country of origin (USA) of +73 kg and +375 kg of milk led to a decrease in milk yield in the farms of the Leningrad region on -213 and -111 kg of milk, respectively, according to the results of the assessment of bulls using the “daughter-herdmate” method. The highest efficiency was achieved at usage of breeders with an average genomic rating (GEBV) for milk yield of +760 kg of milk, in the conditions of US farms, their assessment for the quality of offspring amounted +422 kg of milk (BLUP AM), in farms of the Leningrad region — +201 kg of milk (“daughter-herdmate” method). The correlation coefficient of assessments of the breeding value of bulls by genome in the USA and by the quality of offspring in the farms of the Leningrad region that amounted 0.514 for milk yield, 0.584 for fat and  0.679 for protein in milk. In the absence of a system that allows to recalculate the data evaluation of breeding qualities of bulls in foreign countries, producers need to use the productive qualities of Holstein livestock of imported producers with a genomic evaluation in the country of origin for the milk yield + 600 kg or more (with a positive assessment for exterior and functional signs) for improvement.


Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie

The idea of sustainable development as a three-way relationship with the environment, the economy, and social considerations all occupying different points of the triangle emerged between 1970 and 1990. The synthesis occurred as the economic situation of the developed world slowed, and the developing world collapsed. This collapse gave the push for a fundamental rethink on matters of free trade, debt, aid, and transnational corporations. At the same time, a host of new problems emerged, from the nuclear accident at Chernobyl through to the shrinking ozone layer over Antarctica. Despite these very bleak events, the international community began to rally and started to create a new generation of laws and policies, which for the first time in decades started to make progress in confronting the difficulties at hand.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document