Public Speaking in the Age of the State Duma

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-234
Author(s):  
Stephen Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Public Speaking ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
The State ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Political Class ◽  
The Status ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rhetorical Performance

The main fruit of the 1905 revolution had been the creation of an imperial parliament, the State Duma. Although the status of this body was challenged by the tsarist government and its legislative achievements are sometimes considered modest, it was a formidable rhetorical school for Russia’s new political class. Its debates were recorded by stenographers and brought to an eager newspaper-reading public. This chapter reviews the rhetorical performance and significance of the Duma through its four iterations: the short-lived first and second, which were dominated by outspoken critics of the government; the more conservative third, which nonetheless saw a good deal of rhetorical combat between left and Right; and the chequered fourth, which by late 1916 was producing fierce criticism of the government’s wartime performance. The chapter also explores various forms of extra-parliamentary rhetoric (public lectures, zemstvo and municipal assemblies, preaching).

Hukum Denda dalam Keuangan Publik Islam di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
Fathul Aminudin Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

Fines are sanctions or punishments that are applied in the form of the obligation to pay a sum of money imposed on the denial of a number of agreements previously agreed upon. There is debate over the status of fines in Islamic law. Some argue that fines may not be used, and some argue that they may be used. In the context of fines for delays in payment of taxes, in fiqh law it can be analogous to ta'zir bi al-tamlīk (punishment for ownership). This can be justified if the tax obligations have met the requirements. Whereas according to Islamic teachings, fines can be categorized as acts in order to obey government orders as taught in the hadith, and in order to contribute to the realization of mutual benefit in the life of the state. As for the amount of the fine, the government cannot arbitrarily determine fines that are too large to burden the people. Penalties are applied as a message of reprimand and as a means to cover the lack of the state budget.

The Museum Istiqlal The Case of an Indonesian Islamic Museum

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-357
Author(s):  
Jonathan Zilberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
The State ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

This article describes the conflicted genesis of the Museum Istiqlal, the history of  the creation of the collection, and the state of the institution relative to other Indonesian museums. It emphasizes both  positive developments underway and the historical problems facing the institution. Above all, it focuses on the role the museum was originally intended to serve for the Indonesian Muslim public sphere and the significant potential the museum has to better serve that mission in the national and international sphere. In short, the article emphasizes that in the context of the Government of Indonesia’s current four year plan to revive the museum sector, the problems and opportunities presented at the Museum Istiqlal are symptomatic of endemic national challenges for both the museum and the education sector.

Prologue to peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934–5

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (119) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
League Of Nations ◽  
The State ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Free State ◽  
International Labour Organisation ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The Status ◽  
Assistant Director ◽  
The Creation ◽  
International Peacekeeping

A list from September 1939 of files destroyed by the Department of External Affairs in the invasion scares of 1939–40 contains an intriguing reference to the possibility of dispatching Irish military forces to the Saarland on the Franco-German border in the winter of 1934–5. There they would serve as part of an international peacekeeping force while a plebiscite on the status of the territory was carried out under League of Nations auspices in January 1935. The context of this article is the events surrounding the creation of the peacekeeping force in December 1934.That the Irish Free State should be mentioned as a possible contributor to the international force for the Saar is an illustration of the emerging mediatory role the state was to adopt after its three-year term on the League Council concluded in September 1933. With an Irish diplomat, Sean Lester, seconded to League service as High Commissioner in Danzig from 1934, and with Irish-born Edward Phelan, Assistant Director of the International Labour Organisation, being mentioned as a possible contender for the League post of Deputy Secretary-General in 1933, and with Eamon de Valera rising in importance as an international statesman and League supporter, Ireland’s involvement in the Saar was both an illustration and a result of the state’s prominent position in the League in the early to mid-1930s.

scholarly journals PERANAN NEGARA DAN HUKUM DALAM MEMBERANTAS KEMISKINAN DENGAN MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN UMUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Yohanes Suhardin
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Product

AbstrakThe role of the state in combating poverty is very strategic. Combatingpoverty means to free citizens who are poor. The strategic role given thenational ideals (read: state) is the creation of public welfare. Therefore,countries in this regard the government as the organizer of the state musthold fast to the national ideals through legal product that is loaded withsocial justice values in order to realize common prosperity. Therefore, thenature of the law is justice, then in the context of the state, the lawestablished for the creation of social justice. Law believed that social justiceas the path to the public welfare so that the Indonesian people in a relativelyshort time to eradicate poverty.

The National Front (II)

2019 ◽  
pp. 254-285
Author(s):  
James Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
The State ◽  
National Front ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Sectarian Violence ◽  
Irish Government ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Limited Scope ◽  
Advisory Role

This chapter assesses the state of the National Front as it sought to contribute to the loyalist/Unionist struggle against the imposition of the Anglo-Irish Agreement (AIA), an agreement reached between the British and Irish Governments, and which infuriated the loyalist and Unionist community as the Irish Government was given an advisory role in the governance of Northern Ireland, and worrying because it was uncertain whether and when such ‘influence’ would be instrumental or marginal. Opposition involved cooperation with loyalist paramilitaries but proved worrying when loyalist paramilitaries resorted to sectarian violence. For the NF, however, its already limited scope for action in Northern Ireland was reduced further by an internal split provoked by a new leadership cadre headed by Nick Griffin, which sought to turn the organisation into a revolutionary movement proposing the creation of an independent Ulster, and opposed by a ‘Flag’ faction which sought co-operation with Unionist and loyalist leaders. As Unionist opposition to the AIA failed and Government rejected its position that it would refuse to negotiate until the agreement was abandoned. By 1990 Unionist leaders had agreed to talks with the Government at the same time as divisions within the NF led to its collapse.

ASSESSING PREFERENCES FOR COMPENSATION PACKAGES USING THE DISCRETE CHOICE METHOD: THE CASE OF THE BOLSA FLORESTA PROGRAM IN AMAZONAS, BRAZIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350021
Author(s):  
ESSAM YASSIN MOHAMMED ◽  
INA PORRAS ◽  
MARYANNE GRIEG-GRAN ◽  
LUIZA LIMA ◽  
AFRIANO SOARES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Voluntary Program ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Choice Method

Natural ecosystems, including forest ecosystems, continue to be degraded or converted at an alarming rate. To complement or substitute regulatory approaches to ecosystem management, market-based instruments such as "payments for ecosystem services" (PES) have been introduced and are gaining popularity. One of the prominent PES schemes in the world is the Bolsa Floresta Program (BFP) in the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The BFP was established by the Government of the State of Amazonas through its Secretariat for Environment and Sustainable Development in 2006 and is implemented by the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation. The BFP, which is a voluntary program to reduce deforestation and promote sustainable development by rewarding the communities for changing their land use practices, has four main components: the Bolsa Floresta Income; Bolsa Floresta Social; Bolsa Floresta Family; and Bolsa Floresta Association. A study was conducted to assess the preferences of the participating households in three reserves, namely: Rio Negro, Juma, and Uatumã, for different payment packages with varying combinations of the bolsas relative to the status quo option. The discrete choice method and an open ended question format were used to elicit the preferences of the participant households. The discrete choice model results showed that the majority of the respondents (about 80 per cent) in the three reserves chose an alternative which offered a 20 per cent increase in direct cash payments to households as their most preferred alternative. On the other hand, the majority of respondents who were subjected to open question stated that they would like to see an increase in benefits that fall under the Bolsa Floresta Social category.

The State and Maritime Nationalism in Côte d'Ivoire

1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-245
Author(s):  
Okechukwu C. Iheduru
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Dual Approach ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
The Government

Oneof the intriguing paradoxes of Côte d'Ivoire is that while the political class has become famous for its ‘open-door’ capitalism, the Government headed by Félix Houphouët-Boigny consistently heightened its rhetoric of ‘Ivoirianisation’ through which it purported to indigenise the economy. The fact is that capitalism controlled by foreigners has generally gained the upper hand with state connivance or approval. Where local capitalism exists, it is often spearheaded by the state as participant and competitor, rather than as a facilitator of indigenous enterprise. Shipping offers a good example of this dual approach, where the state became the vanguard of a vigorous national and regional drive for maritime independence, but at the same time pursued its self-declared ‘open-door’ strategy which ensured continued domination of the sector by foreigners.

scholarly journals Language Policy of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Vesna Kosmajac ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
State Language

This paper presents a sociolinguistic analysis of the current linguistic situation in the Russian Federation. Preservation and development of the Russian language represents the national interest of the state. The Russian language has the status of a state language, but, given the large number of ethnic groups living on the territory of Russia, it must not jeopardise other national languages, as this could lead to inter-ethnic conflicts. Some of the key issues Russia is currently facing in this field are: the process of globalisation, the uncontrolled penetration of anglicisms into the Russian language, the adverse impact of the Internet and social networks on literacy, especially with the younger population. All valid rules of the Russian orthography are, in fact, prescribed by the Government of The Russian Federation. Laws regulating the area of language policy are the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Law on the Languages of the Peoples of the Russian Federation, and the Law on the State Language of the Russian Federation.

Recovery.gov

2010 ◽  
pp. 174-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Foltz ◽  
Rudy Pugliese ◽  
Paul Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
The State ◽  
Open Government ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

President Barak Obama’s directive on transparency and open government, and the creation of the Website Recovery.gov, would seem to be concrete examples of the predictions of cyber advocates that computer-mediated communication and the Internet will change the nature of democracy and make citizens more participatory. A major goal is to try to increase the public’s trust in their government. An examination of Recovery.gov, however, reveals it to be not very interactive and less than fully transparent. While it may be praised for providing information, it falls far short of the vision of cyber advocates. The state sites associated with Recovery.gov do a slightly better job by putting a personal face to the oversight of the recovery. Overall, the sites tend to provide only a limited view into the workings of the government and have a long way to go before they increase public trust in the government.

Provisions for Entitlement to Wages when Benefits are not Satisfied Contemporary Applications in Judicial Rulings Kuwait as a Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 353-371
Author(s):  
Abdullatif Badr Al-Uthman
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The research contains a study of the legality of reducing wages in continuous contracts through the provisions of the status of pandemics in Islamic Sharia compared to commercial law in the State of Kuwait. The study also includes discussion about the relationship of wages to benefit and obligation in contracting, and a statement of the theory of emergency conditions, and the consequent obligation to pay the full rent, as happens at the time of closing the shops as a health precaution from the government, to mitigate the spreading the epidemic, and how does the tenant obligate the effects of the contract when he is unable to fully benefit? Especially since the period of precautionary measures has reached for several months, and debts and losses have accumulated on both parties, and judicial rulings have appeared in the court to reduce the rent of the property during the period of government closure, and here the comparison will be made between the provisions of Islamic Sharia, the Commercial Law, and the final rulings on the legality of reducing the rent.

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