Digital Mapping of Urban Mobility Patterns

2019 ◽  
pp. 470-487
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Wiebe ◽  
Christopher N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Complex Relationships

Achieving accurate measurements of mobility and where people spend time is an essential step toward understanding how environments influence people’s impressions, actions, well-being, and health. But identifying where people are located in space and time and drawing from these data conclusions about what people actually experience is a challenge. Advances in communication technologies are creating possibilities for research today that even recently would not have been possible. This chapter reviews a classic study in the field of mobility pattern research, demonstrates the interest of mobility patterns to investigators of geography and health, and describes how geographic information systems and Global Positioning Systems are being used to better understand the complex relationships between people’s physical locations and health outcomes. The chapter concludes with predictions about how advances in communication technology will shape future research.

scholarly journals A Time-Based Objective Measure of Exposure to the Food Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Scully ◽  
Anne Moudon ◽  
Philip Hurvitz ◽  
Anju Aggarwal ◽  
Adam Drewnowski
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Relationship

Exposure to food environments has mainly been limited to counting food outlets near participants’ homes. This study considers food environment exposures in time and space using global positioning systems (GPS) records and fast food restaurants (FFRs) as the environment of interest. Data came from 412 participants (median participant age of 45) in the Seattle Obesity Study II who completed a survey, wore GPS receivers, and filled out travel logs for seven days. FFR locations were obtained from Public Health Seattle King County and geocoded. Exposure was conceptualized as contact between stressors (FFRs) and receptors (participants’ mobility records from GPS data) using four proximities: 21 m, 100 m, 500 m, and ½ mile. Measures included count of proximal FFRs, time duration in proximity to ≥1 FFR, and time duration in proximity to FFRs weighted by FFR counts. Self-reported exposures (FFR visits) were excluded from these measures. Logistic regressions tested associations between one or more reported FFR visits and the three exposure measures at the four proximities. Time spent in proximity to an FFR was associated with significantly higher odds of FFR visits at all proximities. Weighted duration also showed positive associations with FFR visits at 21-m and 100-m proximities. FFR counts were not associated with FFR visits. Duration of exposure helps measure the relationship between the food environment, mobility patterns, and health behaviors. The stronger associations between exposure and outcome found at closer proximities (<100 m) need further research.

Divorced Coparents' Use of Communication Technology

2015 ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashton Chapman ◽  
Lawrence H. Ganong ◽  
Marilyn Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Structure Communication

Advancements in technology have resulted in widespread use of communication technologies, particularly in families. Most research on the use of communication technologies in families, however, has ignored family structure. Communication has been identified as a key contributor to coparental efficacy, particularly in postdivorce families, and some research indicates that coparents may rely on communication technologies to interact with one another. The limited research on divorced coparents' use of communication technology has found that coparents' use of technology may vary based upon coparental relationship quality and relevant contextual factors (e.g., repartnering of one or both coparents). Additional research is needed to understand the factors that influence coparents' decisions about communication technology and the influence of technology as means of communication on parents' and children's well-being.

Tracking livestock using global positioning systems - are we still lost?

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Swain ◽  
M. A. Friend ◽  
G. J. Bishop-Hurley ◽  
R. N. Handcock ◽  
T. Wark
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Free Grazing

Since the late 1980s, satellite-based global positioning systems (GPS) have provided unique and novel data that have been used to track animal movement. Tracking animals with GPS can provide useful information, but the cost of the technology often limits experimental replication. Limitations on the number of devices available to monitor the behaviour of animals, in combination with technical constraints, can weaken the statistical power of experiments and create significant experimental design challenges. The present paper provides a review and synthesis of using GPS for livestock-based studies and suggests some future research directions. Wildlife ecologists working in extensive landscapes have pioneered the use of GPS-based devices for tracking animals. Wildlife researchers have focussed efforts on quantifying and addressing issues associated with technology limitations, including spatial accuracy, rate of data collection, battery life and environmental factors causing loss of data. It is therefore not surprising that there has been a significant number of methodological papers published in the literature that have considered technical developments of GPS-based animal tracking. Livestock scientists have used GPS data to inform them about behavioural differences in free-grazing experiments. With a shift in focus from the environment to the animal comes the challenge of ensuring independence of the experimental unit. Social facilitation challenges independence of the individual in a group. The use of spatial modelling methods to process GPS data provides an opportunity to determine the degree of independence of data collected from an individual animal within behavioural-based studies. By using location and movement information derived from GPS data, researchers have been able to determine the environmental impact of grazing animals as well as assessing animal responses to management activities or environmental perturbations. Combining satellite-derived remote-sensing data with GPS-derived landscape preference indices provides a further opportunity to identify landscape avoidance and selection behaviours. As spatial livestock monitoring tools become more widely used, there will be a greater need to ensure the data and associated processing methods are able to answer a broader range of questions. Experimental design and analytical techniques need to be given more attention if GPS technology is to provide answers to questions associated with free-grazing animals.

scholarly journals Daily Social Interactions and Well-Being in Older Adults: The Role of Interaction Modality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 581-581
Author(s):  
Birthe Macdonald ◽  
Minxia Luo ◽  
Gizem Hueluer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Face To Face

Abstract Older adults increasingly use digital communication technologies to stay connected to others. In the present study, we examine the role of social interactions for older adults’ daily well-being focusing on three interaction modalities (face-to-face, telephone, and digital). We use data from 116 participants (age: M = 72 years, SD = 5, range = 65 to 94; 41% women), who reported on their social interactions and well-being over 21 days. Our findings show that frequency of face-to-face interactions is more consistently related to well-being than telephone or digital interactions. On days where participants report more face-to-face social interactions than their own average, they report higher positive affect and lower loneliness than usual. Similar effects are not found for telephone or digital interactions. In summary, our findings suggest that face-to-face social interactions are uniquely relevant to older adults’ daily well-being. We discuss implications of these findings for future research.

Daily social interactions and well-being in older adults: The role of interaction modality

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birthe Macdonald ◽  
Minxia Luo ◽  
Gizem Hülür
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Face To Face

Associations between social relationships and well-being are widely documented across the lifespan, including in older age. Older adults increasingly use digital communication technologies. In the present study, we examine the role of social interactions for older adults’ daily well-being with a focus on three interaction modalities (face-to-face, telephone, and digital). Specifically, we examine (a) whether people who are more socially active than others report higher levels of well-being and (b) how day-to-day fluctuations in the number of social interactions are associated with day-to-day fluctuations of well-being, separately by interaction modality. We use data from 115 participants (age: M = 72 years, SD = 5, range = 65–94; 40% women), who documented their social interactions over 21 days and reported their well-being each evening (including positive affect, negative affect, and loneliness). Taken together, our findings show that frequency of face-to-face interactions is more consistently related to well-being than telephone or digital interactions. At the between-person level, those who report more face-to-face social interactions than others across 21 days report higher levels of positive affect than others. At the within-person level, on days where participants report more face-to-face social interactions than their own average, they report higher positive affect, lower negative affect, and lower loneliness than usual. In addition, a higher number of digital interactions is associated with lower negative affect at the between-person level. In summary, our findings suggest that face-to-face social interactions are uniquely relevant to older adults’ daily well-being. We discuss implications of these findings for future research.

The Role of Technology in Managing the Work and Nonwork Interface

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie B. Olson-Buchanan ◽  
Wendy R. Boswell ◽  
Timothy J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Role Of Information

Technology has markedly changed the work and nonwork domains as well as the way in which individuals navigate between them. This chapter offers a review of the literature on the role of information communication technology (ICT) in the work–nonwork interface. The key theoretical grounding in the literature, boundary theory and boundary management, is presented, particularly as it relates to technology. The predictors, consequences, and moderating factors of ICT use across role domains are examined. Relevant literature within the teleworking context is also discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future research avenues on the topic to enhance our understanding of the role of communication technologies within the work–nonwork domains.

scholarly journals Triple Disadvantage: Neighborhood Networks of Everyday Urban Mobility and Violence in U.S. Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-956
Author(s):  
Brian L. Levy ◽  
Nolan E. Phillips ◽  
Robert J. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Structural Mobility

This article develops and assesses the concept of triple neighborhood disadvantage. We argue that a neighborhood’s well-being depends not only on its own socioeconomic conditions but also on the conditions of neighborhoods its residents visit and are visited by, connections that form through networks of everyday urban mobility. We construct measures of mobility-based disadvantage using geocoded patterns of movement estimated from hundreds of millions of tweets sent by nearly 400,000 Twitter users over 18 months. Analyzing nearly 32,000 neighborhoods and 9,700 homicides in 37 of the largest U.S. cities, we show that neighborhood triple disadvantage independently predicts homicides, adjusting for traditional neighborhood correlates of violence, spatial proximity to disadvantage, prior homicides, and city fixed effects. Not only is triple disadvantage a stronger predictor than traditional measures, it accounts for a sizable portion of the association between residential neighborhood disadvantage and homicides. In turn, potential mechanisms such as neighborhood drug activity, interpersonal friction, and gun crime prevalence account for much of the association between triple disadvantage and homicides. These findings implicate structural mobility patterns as an important source of triple (dis)advantage for neighborhoods and have implications for a broad range of phenomena beyond crime, including community capacity, gentrification, transmission in a pandemic, and racial inequality.

Toward a Framework for Embodiment in Communication Technologies: Facilitating Social Connectivity for Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
George Mois ◽  
Jenay M. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Connectivity ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
The Continuum

The majority of older adults report that they want to age in place, however, communities are often unequipped with the tools necessary to support this process. As a result, older adults can often encounter challenges in maintaining social contact with family, friends, and the community. Communication technologies present opportunities for supporting social connectivity. These technologies include a host of various platforms that are set along a continuum of embodiment. The goal of this paper is to conceptualize communication technology embodiment and to propose a framework that aims to explain the role of technology embodiment in creating meaningful social connections. We aim to provide a framework for future research, interventions, and an application guide of the theoretical foundation of communication technology embodiment while noting crucial considerations on the continuum of embodiment, human connectivity, and social presence.

How Do People Share Their Positive Events?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara A. Palmer ◽  
Meagan A. Ramsey ◽  
Jennifer N. Morey ◽  
Amy L. Gentzler
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Sharing Patterns ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. Research suggests that sharing positive events with others is beneficial for well-being, yet little is known about how positive events are shared with others and who is most likely to share their positive events. The current study expanded on previous research by investigating how positive events are shared and individual differences in how people share these events. Participants (N = 251) reported on their likelihood to share positive events in three ways: capitalizing (sharing with close others), bragging (sharing with someone who may become jealous or upset), and mass-sharing (sharing with many people at once using communication technology) across a range of positive scenarios. Using cluster analysis, five meaningful profiles of sharing patterns emerged. These profiles were associated with gender, Big Five personality traits, narcissism, and empathy. Individuals who tended to brag when they shared their positive events were more likely to be men, reported less agreeableness, less conscientiousness, and less empathy, whereas those who tended to brag and mass-share reported the highest levels of narcissism. These results have important theoretical and practical implications for the growing body of research on sharing positive events.

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